Jinning District

Jinning District (simplified Chinese: 晋宁区; traditional Chinese: 晉寧區; pinyin: Jìnníng Qū) is one of seven districts of the prefecture-level city of Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province, Southwest China. The formation of the district was approved on November 24, 2016, after the dissolution of the former Jinning County (晋宁县) by the State Council.[1] It is located at the southern tip of Dian Lake and is well known within China as the birthplace of Zheng He.

For the rural township on the northwestern corner of the island of Greater Kinmen, see Jinning, Kinmen.
Jinning
晋宁区
District
Kunyang Town in Jinning
Kunyang Town in Jinning
Location of Jinning (pink) and Kunming City (yellow) in Yunnan province
Location of Jinning (pink) and Kunming City (yellow) in Yunnan province
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceYunnan
PrefectureKunming Prefecture
Established1956
Area
 • Total1,230.86 km2 (475.24 sq mi)
Population
 (2003)
 • Total270,000
 • Density220/km2 (570/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (CST)
Postal code
650600
Area code0871
Websitehttp://www.jinning.gov.cn/

Nature

The southwestern "panhandle" of Jinning District (Xiyang Township, 夕阳乡) contains two caves (Yanzi and Shitou) known for their bat population. Starting from the early 2010s, researchers from the Wuhan Institute of Virology and EcoHealth Alliance carried out studies of viruses carried by those bats, discovering some that were fairly close to the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. A 2018 study found antibodies to some of these bat viruses in the blood of a few villagers residing near the bat caves as well, indicating that some of them may have been exposed to bat coronaviruses.[2][3]

History

In 303 CE, during the Jin dynasty, Li Xiu became commander of the area after the abrupt death of her father, defeating a local rebellion after lasting a seven-year siege.[4]

Administrative divisions

Kunyang Town, Jincheng Town and Baofeng Town, Erjie Village, Shuanghe Yi Nationality Village, Xiyang Yi Nationality Village, Shangsuan Village, Xinjie Village and Lujie Village

Ethnic groups

According to the Kunming City Almanac (1997:476), ethnic Hani are found in Gaoliangdi (高粱地)[5] and Xiyang (夕阳)[6] of Xiyang Yi Ethnic Township (夕阳乡), Jinning County.

Climate
Climate data for Jinning (1991–2020 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 16.4
(61.5)		 18.7
(65.7)		 22.0
(71.6)		 24.7
(76.5)		 25.5
(77.9)		 25.4
(77.7)		 24.7
(76.5)		 24.7
(76.5)		 23.4
(74.1)		 21.2
(70.2)		 18.7
(65.7)		 16.1
(61.0)		 21.8
(71.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 9.1
(48.4)		 11.3
(52.3)		 14.6
(58.3)		 17.6
(63.7)		 19.4
(66.9)		 20.4
(68.7)		 20.0
(68.0)		 19.7
(67.5)		 18.1
(64.6)		 15.8
(60.4)		 12.2
(54.0)		 9.2
(48.6)		 15.6
(60.1)
Average low °C (°F) 4.1
(39.4)		 5.7
(42.3)		 8.8
(47.8)		 11.8
(53.2)		 14.7
(58.5)		 16.9
(62.4)		 17.0
(62.6)		 16.5
(61.7)		 14.9
(58.8)		 12.5
(54.5)		 7.9
(46.2)		 4.7
(40.5)		 11.3
(52.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 24.6
(0.97)		 13.0
(0.51)		 18.6
(0.73)		 28.6
(1.13)		 75.2
(2.96)		 147.4
(5.80)		 185.1
(7.29)		 159.2
(6.27)		 99.6
(3.92)		 73.5
(2.89)		 32.3
(1.27)		 14.4
(0.57)		 871.5
(34.31)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 4.7 3.9 5.0 7.1 11.1 15.6 20.4 19.0 13.9 12.2 5.5 4.4 122.8
Average snowy days 0.7 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 1.7
Average relative humidity (%) 68 60 54 56 65 77 82 82 81 81 77 75 72
Mean monthly sunshine hours 229.3 234.8 265.3 263.1 226.9 158.7 133.1 148.7 136.6 155.0 202.5 205.9 2,359.9
Percent possible sunshine 68 73 71 69 55 39 32 37 37 44 62 63 54
Source: China Meteorological Administration[7][8]

Transport

Social issues

In October 2014, Fuyou village (Chinese: 富有村) was the scene of a violent clash between construction workers and villagers, leading to the deaths of eight people. The residents had been unhappy about a land deal related to the building of a trade and logistics centre.[9][10]

Monuments
Dian Kingdom woman (246 BCE- 8 CE), excavated in Shizhaishan, Jinning (晋宁区石寨山). Shanghai Museum.

The Shizhaishan Tombs (Shizhaishan gumuqun 石寨山古墓群), and the grave of Ma station Hazhi (Ma Hazhi mubei 马哈只墓碑) in the greater community Kunyang, the father of Zheng He, are since 2001 and 2006 respectively on the list the monuments of the People's Republic of China.

References
  1. 晋宁区历史沿革 (in Simplified Chinese). xzqh.org. 2016-12-02. Retrieved 2019-07-19.
  2. Wang, Ning; Li, Shi-Yue; Yang, Xing-Lou; Huang, Hui-Min; Zhang, Yu-Ji; Guo, Hua; Luo, Chu-Ming; Miller, Maureen; Zhu, Guangjian; Chmura, Aleksei A.; Hagan, Emily; Zhou, Ji-Hua; Zhang, Yun-Zhi; Wang, Lin-Fa; Daszak, Peter; Shi, Zheng-Li (2018-03-02). "Serological Evidence of Bat SARS-Related Coronavirus Infection in Humans, China". Virologica Sinica. 33 (1): 104–107. doi:10.1007/s12250-018-0012-7. ISSN 1674-0769. PMC 6178078. PMID 29500691.
  3. Ge, Xing-Yi; Li, Jia-Lu; Yang, Xing-Lou; Chmura, Aleksei A.; Zhu, Guangjian; Epstein, Jonathan H.; Mazet, Jonna K.; Hu, Ben; Zhang, Wei; Peng, Cheng; Zhang, Yu-Ji; Luo, Chu-Ming; Tan, Bing; Wang, Ning; Zhu, Yan; Crameri, Gary; Zhang, Shu-Yi; Wang, Lin-Fa; Daszak, Peter; Shi, Zheng-Li (2013). "Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor". Nature. 503 (7477): 535–538. Bibcode:2013Natur.503..535G. doi:10.1038/nature12711. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 5389864. PMID 24172901. (This paper does not specifically indicate the location of the caves, but the 2018 paper clearly indicates that the 2013 paper deals with bats from the same two caves).
  4. "Li Xiu - defender of Ningzhou - ColorQ Articles Etc". www.colorq.org. Retrieved 2019-06-06.
  5. "晋宁县夕阳彝族乡高粱地村委会". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2013-10-09.
  6. "晋宁县夕阳彝族乡夕阳村委会". Archived from the original on 2015-06-10. Retrieved 2013-10-09.
  7. 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  8. 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  9. "China building site clash leaves eight dead". BBC News. 15 October 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  10. "China 'punishes 17 officials' after deadly village clash". BBC News. 24 October 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2014.

24°40′00″N 102°35′30″E

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