Johann Schmid

At the start of the Battle of France, I. Gruppe of JG 2 supported Army Group A in its advance through the Ardennes towards the Meuse river. On 14 May, the Gruppe moved to an airfield near Bastogne. That day, Schmid claimed his first aerial victory when he shot down a Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 fighter.[3] On 18 May, Schmid claimed a Westland Lysander army cooperation aircraft shot down near Beauvais. Following the German advance northwest, the Gruppe moved to an airfield at Beaulieu that day. The next day, he was credited with the destruction of a Hawker Hurricane fighter near Cambrai. On 20 May, I. Gruppe was relocated to Signy-le-Petit where they were deployed on the northern front of Army Group A. That evening, Schmid shot down a Curtiss P-36 Hawk fighter near Péronne.[4]

On 20 September 1940, Schmid claimed his ninth aerial victory, a Spitfire fighter shot down south of London.[5] He was then transferred and served as an instructor.[6]

Following his assignment as an instructor, Schmid joined Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" (JG 26—26th Fighter Wing) on 10 July 1941. There, he was assigned to the Geschwaderstab (headquarters unit) by Oberstleutnant Adolf Galland, the Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander).[7] JG 26 was named after Albert Leo Schlageter, a martyr cultivated by the Nazi Party.[8] At the time, the Geschwaderstab was based at Audembert near the English Channel.[9] Schmid claimed his first aerial victory with JG 26 on 22 July. That day, Royal Air Force (RAF) Fighter Command attacked the Saint-Omer airfield with Supermarine Spitfire fighters from No. 308 Polish Fighter Squadron.[10] The following day, the RAF flew an evening "Circus" mission with six Bristol Blenheim bombers to Mazingarbe escorted by Spitfire fighters. The Geschwaderstab, led by Galland, intercepted the escorting fighters and Schmid claimed a Spitfire shot down.[11]

On 3 August, the RAF flew a series of anti shipping attacks. Defending against these attacks, Schmid claimed a Spitfire destroyed.[11] Sarkar suggested that his opponenent may have been RAF pilot Flight Lieutenant Eric Lock from No. 611 Squadron.[12] Lock, flying Spitfire Mk V W3257, was reported by his own side as shot down by anti-aircraft fire on 3 August 1941 near Boulogne, but whose crash site was not ascertained. Sarkar, who cross referenced Lock's disappearance with Luftwaffe combat claims for the same day, discovered that while Lock's Spitfire was the only RAF plane lost that day, Schmid reported having shot down a Spitfire into the sea near Calais.[13] In reality, Lock was lost in the morning of the 3 August.[14] Schmid claimed his victory in the early evening at 18:32.[15]

Schmid claimed three Spitfire fighters shot down on 7 August likely from No. 12 Group's Digby Wing. That day, the RAF flew "Circus" No. 67 targeting Saint-Omer airfield with six Blenheim bombers escorted by twelve fighter squadrons.[16] Before noon on 9 August, Schmid and his wingman Unteroffizier Heinz Richter, claimed two Spitfires from the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) No. 452 Squadron. Later that day, Schmid claimed two further Spitfires shot down defending against a "Rodeo" attack by No. 11 Group.[17] The following day, a German freighter came under attack from three Blenheim bombers which took off from RAF Manston at 12:50. The Geschwaderstab intercepted the RAF bombers and escort fighters north of Gravelines. In the resulting aerial combat, Schmid claimed two Hurricane fighters from No. 242 Squadron and a Spitfire, the Spitfire managed to return.[18] On 12 August, Schmid shot down a Spitfire fighter from either No. 19 or No. 152 Squadron. That day, Bomber Command attacked Cologne, supported by a number of diversionary missions.[19]

On 19 August, the RAF flew "Circus" No. 81, the mission which also dropped a spare set of artificial legs for Wing Commander Douglas Bader at Saint-Omer airfield. The primary target of the operation was Béthune. Defending against this attack, Schmid claimed a Blenheim bomber which was shot down northwest of Dunkirk and belonged to No. 18 Squadron. That evening, the RAF flew "Circus" No. 82 to Hazebrouck and Schmid shot down a Spitfire fighter belonging to No. 222 Squadron from this attack force, taking his total to 24 aerial victory claims.[20] For this, he was decorated with the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 21 August 1941 and promoted to Hauptmann (captain).[21]

Along with his promotion, Schmid was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 8. Staffel of JG 26, replacing Oberleutnant Hans-Jürgen Westphal who had been injured. 8. Staffel was subordinated to III. Gruppe and at the time commanded by Hauptmann Gerhard Schöpfel and based at Ligescourt.[22] His scoring spree continued, as he scored 11 victories in September and a Spitfire on 3 October 1941.

On 6 November 1941, as the Battle of Britain was petering out, he led the whole III. Gruppe into combat against a dozen Spitfires. In this encounter, he claimed a Spitfire shot down.[23] His opponent may have been Sergeant B.M. Geissman of No. 452 Squadron RAAF.[24] Schmid was circling low over the crash site when the wing of his Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-4 (Werknummer 7211—factory number) hit the water in a position 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) northwest of Calais.[25] The aircraft immediately disintegrated and sank, taking Schmid with it.[24] Following his death, he was replaced by Oberleutnant Karl Borris as commander of 8. Staffel.[26] Posthumously, he was promoted to Major (major).[1]

According to Obermaier, Schmid was credited with 45 victories in 137 missions, all over the Western Front.[1] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces: Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 40 aerial victory claims, plus five further unconfirmed claims, all of which were claimed on the Western Front.[27]

• Iron Cross (1939)
• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 21 August 1941 as Hauptmann and Staffelkapitän of the 8./Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter"[38][Note 4]