Karl Willius

On 14 July 1941, on request by Oberstleutnant Adolf Galland, who had asked for fighter pilots with experience, Willius was transferred to I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" (JG 26—26th Fighter Wing).[6] At the time of his posting to JG 26, I. Gruppe was commanded by Hauptmann Johannes Seifert, and 3. Staffel, to which Willius was assigned, was headed by Oberleutnant Walter Otte.[7] He claimed his first victory at the English Channel on 8 December, a Spitfire shot down 10 kilometres (6.2 miles) west of Boulogne[8]

On 17 May 1942, he may have been the pilot that downed the Spitfire Vb of No. 91 Squadron RAF flown by Flight Lieutenant Patrick Peter Coleman "Paddy" Barthropp who bailed out and was taken prisoner.[9] The RAF's major operation of the day was "Ramrod" Nr. 33, attacking the docks at Boulogne, escorted by the Hornchurch Wing and Kenley Wing.[10]

He was awarded the German Cross in Gold (Deutsches Kreuz in Gold) on 15 October 1942 for 22 aerial victories.[11] On 16 January 1943, Feldwebel Willius was transferred, serving as an instructor with a fighter pilot school.[12]

Following his tour as an instructor, Willius returned to 3. Staffel on 31 March 1943.[13] In January 1943, the Luftwaffe planned to move JG 26 to the Eastern Front. The idea was to exchange JG 26 with Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) which supported Army Group North.[14] At the time of Willius' return to his unit, the Gruppe was based at Dno and fighting in the vicinity of Demyansk, during and following the Battle of Demyansk in support of the 16th Army and 18th Army.[15]

He claimed nine victories over the Soviet Air Force, including three Pe-2 bombers and a MiG-3 fighter on 13 May. Willius had 33 victories to his credit when I./JG 26 returned to France.

In late May, Major Seifert was replaced by Major Fritz Losigkeit as commander of I. Gruppe. On 6 June, the Gruppe started relocating back to the Western Front, at first to Warsaw, and then to Brandenburg-Briest and Rheine. Before, the relocation was completed, Losigkeit was replaced by Hauptmann Karl Borris as Gruppenkommandeur of I. Gruppe.[16]

The Gruppe arrived in France on 10 June and was based at an airfield at Poix-de-Picardie.[17] In August, Willius transferred to 2. Staffel of JG 26. On 25 November, Willius was appointed Staffelkapitän of 2. Staffel. He succeeded Major Wilhelm Gäth who was transferred to take command of II. Gruppe of JG 26.[18] On 1 December, Willius claimed his first heavy bomber.[19] That day, he shot down a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress near Koblenz on a VIII Bomber Command mission to Solingen.[20] On 30 December, VIII Bomber Command targeted Ludwigshafen in southern Germany with approximately 1,300 bombers and escort fighters. To avoid the Luftwaffe defenses in northern Germany, the approach was flown over France. Defending against this attack, I. and II. Gruppe of JG 26 claimed seven aerial victories, including a B-17 shot down by Willius near Soissons.[21] On 11 January 1944, VIII Bomber Command attacked the German aircraft industry at Braunschweig, Oschersleben and Halberstadt. That day, Willius was credited with his third aerial victory in Defense of the Reich, claiming a 306th Bombardment Group B-17 bomber shot down near Deventer.[22][23]

Leutnant Willius claimed his 40th victory, a B-17 shot down near Cousolre on 4 February 1944. On 24 February, during "Big Week" or Operation Argument, Willius shot down a Consolidated B-24 Liberator bomber on a mission to bomb the German aircraft industry.[24] VIII Bomber Command targeted Frankfurt on 2 March, defending against this attack, Willius was credited with the destruction of a bomber.[25]

On 8 April 1944, Willius made a head-on attack against a formation of B-24 bombers of the 44th Bombardment Group, downing one in flames for his 50th and last aerial victory.[26] The Fw 190s reformed as P-47 fighters of the 361st Fighter Group bounced them over Zuiderzee, the Netherlands. Willius' Fw 190 A-8 (Werknummer 170009—factory number) "Black 5" was seen to spin into the ground and explode.[27] Willius was shot down by First Lieutenant Alton B. Snyder. Posthumously, Willius was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes), which was presented to his widow Lisette on 9 June 1944.[28] He was also promoted to Oberleutnant posthumously. His body was not recovered until 23 October 1967, found in his aircraft excavated from a Dutch polder near Kamperzeedijk.[29][30] He was then interred at the Ysselsteyn German war cemetery, Netherlands.

According to Obermaier, Willius was credited with 50 aerial victories claimed in 371 combat missions. This figure includes 17 claims on the Eastern Front, 33 claims on the Western Front, including 11 four-engine bombers.[29] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 49 aerial victory claims, plus four further unconfirmed claims. This figure includes 18 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and 31 over the Western Allies, including 11 four-engined bombers.[31] The first aerial victory listed by Caldwell is dated on 8 December 1941 and is labeled as his 13th aerial victory, his first with JG 26.[8] Authors Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock, present this claim as his 12th aerial victory, creating a one claim discrepancy in the numbering plan.[32]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 35 Ost 4555". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km²). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[33]

• Flugzeugführerabzeichen
• Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe
• Iron Cross (1939) 2nd ans 1st Class
• Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 29 June 1942 as Feldwebel and pilot[79][Note 16]
• German Cross in Gold on 15 October 1942 as Feldwebel in the 3./Jagdgeschwader 26[80]
• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 9 June 1944 as Oberfeldwebel and Staffelführer of the 2./Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter"[81][82]