Kana ligature
In the Japanese writing system kana ligatures (Japanese: 合略仮名, Hepburn: gōryaku-gana) are ligatures in the kana writing system, both hiragana and katakana. Kana such as koto (ヿ, from 事) and shite (𬼀, from 為) are not kana ligatures, but polysyllabic kana.
| kana gojūon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Kana modifiers and marks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Multi-syllabic kana | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hardly any kana ligatures or polysyllabic kana are represented in standard character encodings.
History
Nobori banners in sumo, using the yori ligature ゟ
These characters were widely used until a spelling reform of 1900 decreed that each sound (mora) would be represented by one (kana) character. They were not represented in computer character encodings until JIS X 0213:2000 (JIS2000) added yori and koto.
List
Hiragana ligature
| historical/Hepburn | image | character | Unicode | origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| かしこ/kashiko |  |
- | - | 𛀚しこ |
| こと/koto |  |
- | - | こと[1][2] |
| ごと/goto | ゙ |
- | - | ごと[1][2] |
| さま/sama |  |
- | - | さ𛃅[3][4] |
 |
- | - | ||
| まいらせさうらふ/mairasesōrō |  |
- | - | まいらせ候 |
 |
- | - | ||
| より/yori |  |
ゟ | U+309F | より[3][4][2] |
Polysyllabic hiragana
| historical/Hepburn | image | character | Unicode | origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| なり/nari |  |
𬼂 | U+2CF02 | 也[3][2][5][6] |
In Unicode
| Preview | |  |  |  |  | | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unicode name | HIRAGANA DIGRAPH YORI | KATAKANA DIGRAPH KOTO | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A708 | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2CEFF | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2CF00 | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2CF02 | ||||||
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 12447 | U+309F | 12543 | U+30FF | 173832 | U+2A708 | 184063 | U+2CEFF | 184064 | U+2CF00 | 184066 | U+2CF02 |
| UTF-8 | 227 130 159 | E3 82 9F | 227 131 191 | E3 83 BF | 240 170 156 136 | F0 AA 9C 88 | 240 172 187 191 | F0 AC BB BF | 240 172 188 128 | F0 AC BC 80 | 240 172 188 130 | F0 AC BC 82 |
| UTF-16 | 12447 | 309F | 12543 | 30FF | 55401 57096 | D869 DF08 | 55411 57087 | D873 DEFF | 55411 57088 | D873 DF00 | 55411 57090 | D873 DF02 |
| Numeric character reference | ゟ | ゟ | ヿ | ヿ | 𪜈 | 𪜈 | 𬻿 | 𬻿 | 𬼀 | 𬼀 | 𬼂 | 𬼂 |
References
- 普通日本文典 落合直文ほか 1893年
- 和漢の文典 : 雅俗対照
- 日本大文典. 第1編 P.42-45 落合直文 1894年
- ことばの泉 : 日本大辞典 (21版) P.3 落合直文 1904年
- 児玉幸多『くずし字解読辞典〔普及版〕』東京堂出版 1993年 ほか
- 田島毓堂「法華経為字和訓考—資料編（三）—」名古屋大学文学部研究論集 1990年
- 國語學大系 第七巻 文字(一) P.302-303 福井久蔵 1939年
- 仮字本末 伴信友 1850年
- 操觚便覧藤井乙男編 1899年
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