Munjong of Goryeo
Munjong of Goryeo (29 December 1019 – 2 September 1083) was the 11th monarch of the Goryeo Dynasty, who ruled Korea from 1046 to 1083.
| Munjong of Goryeo 고려 문종 高麗 文宗 Wang Hwi (왕휘) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| King of Goryeo | |||||||||
| Reign | 1046–1083 | ||||||||
| Coronation | 1046 Junggwang Hall, Gaegyeong, Goryeo | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Jeongjong of Goryeo | ||||||||
| Successor | Sunjong of Goryeo | ||||||||
| Born | Wang Hwi 29 December 1019 Anbok Palace, Gaegyeong, Kingdom of Goryeo | ||||||||
| Died | 2 September 1083 (aged 63) Junggwang Hall, Gaegyeong, Kingdom of Goryeo | ||||||||
| Burial | Gyeongneung tomb | ||||||||
| Queen Consort | Queen Inpyeong | ||||||||
| Consort | Princess Suryeong | ||||||||
| Issue |
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| House | Wang | ||||||||
| Father | Hyeonjong of Goryeo | ||||||||
| Mother | Queen Wonhye | ||||||||
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | |
|---|---|
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Munjong |
| McCune–Reischauer | Munjong |
| Birth name | |
| Hangul | |
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Wang Hwi |
| McCune–Reischauer | Wang H'wi |
| Courtesy name | |
| Hangul | |
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Chogyu |
| McCune–Reischauer | Ch'okyu |
| Posthumous name | |
| Hangul | |
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Inhyo Daewang |
| McCune–Reischauer | Inh'yo Taewang |
King Munjong was born in 1019 and reigned from 1046 until his death in 1083. During his reign, the central government of Goryeo gained complete authority and power over local lords. Munjong, and later kings, emphasized the importance of civilian leadership over the military. Munjong expanded Korea's borders northward to the Yalu and Tumen Rivers.
Munjong's fourth son, Uicheon (born 1055), became a Buddhist priest who founded the Cheontae as an independent school of Buddhism.
Family
| Monarchs of Korea |
| Goryeo |
|---|
|
- Father: Hyeonjong of Goryeo
- Mother: Queen Wonhye
- Consorts and their Respective issue(s):
- Queen Inpyeong of the Ansan Kim clan; half younger sister – No issue.
- Queen Inye of the Gyeongwon Yi clan (d. 1092)
- Crown Prince Wang Hun
- Wang Un, Marquis Gukwon
- Wang Ong, Duke Gyerim
- Wang Hu
- Wang Su, Duke Sangan (왕수 상안공)[1]
- Wang Taeng
- Wang Bi, Marquess Geumgwan (왕비 금관후)[2]
- Wang Eum, Marquess Byeonhan (왕음 변한후)[3]
- Wang Chim, Marquess Nakrang (왕침 낙랑후)
- Wang Gyeong (왕경)
- Princess Jeokgyeong (적경궁주)
- Princess Boryeong
- Unborn daughter[4]
- Unborn daughter[4]
- Worthy Consort Ingyeong of the Gyeongwon Yi clan
- Worthy Consort Injeol of the Gyeongwon Yi clan (d. 1082)
- Virtuous Consort Inmok of the Gyeongju Kim clan (d. 1094)
- Unnamed daughter, died early[4]
References
- In 1071 (25th years reign of his father), he became "Marquess Pyeongyang" (평양후, 平壤侯) and received "1,000 sik-eup" (식읍 1,000호). Two years later, all of Munjong's consorts and princes were came to Wang Su's award ceremony that decorated very royal and watched a Chaekbongrye (책봉례) together. He also honoured as "Marquess Sangan" (상안후, 常安侯) and became a Susado (수사도, 守司徒) in 1086 (3rd years reign of his second older brother) along with received "2,000 sik-eup" (식읍 2,000호). He later became "Duke Sangan" (상안공, 常安公) and Sutaebo (수태보, 守台輔) in 1094, but eventually died a year later during the early reign of King Heonjong, one of his nephew and then received name Yeongnyang (영량, 英良; "Excellent and Kind-hearted") as his Posthumous name.
- In 1077 (31st years reign of his father), he became "Marquess Geumgwan" (금관후, 金官侯) and received "1,000 sik-eup" (식읍 1,000호), then appointed as a Susado (수사도, 守司徒) in 1086 (3rd years reign of his second older brother) along with received "2,000 sik-eup" (식읍 2,000호), which he involved in the Duke Buyeo and Princess Jeokgyeong's case for having an incest marriage and asked the king to stop agreeing the marriage in the same year. He also became Sutaewi gyeom Jungseoryeong (수태위 겸 중서령, 守太尉 兼 中書令) in 1092 along with received "3,000 sik-eup" (식읍 3,000호) and "500 sik-sil" (식실 500호). However, Wang Bi died just 8 days after this and received name Jangheon (장헌, 莊憲; "Solemn and Promulgate") as his Posthumous name.
- In 1077 (31st years reign of his father), he became "Marquess Byeonhan" (변한후, 卞韓侯) and received "800 sik-eup" (800호 식읍), then appointed as a Geomgyosangseoryeong Susado (검교상서령 수사도, 檢校尙書令 守司徒) in 1086 (3rd years reign of his second older brother) along with received "2,000 sik-eup" (식읍 2,000호). In the same year too, Wang Eum, along with Marquess Geumgwan, Duke Jinhan, and others were involved in the Duke Buyeo and Princess Jeokgyeong's case for having an incest marriage and said it was unfair, even asked the king to stop agreeing this, but the king did not listen it and still bestowed the marriage. Not long after this, Wang Eum died and name Jangsun (장순, 章順; "Manifesting and Serene") was given as his Posthumous name. Following to Buddhism tradition, since Wang Eum has no any descendants, so his body couldn't buried, but was believed to powdered and sprinkled on the mountain stream.
- "문종 소생 공주". Goryeosa (in Korean). Retrieved January 6, 2022.
- Eckert, Lee, Lew, Robinson and Wagner, Korea Old and New: A History, Harvard University Press, 1990. ISBN 0-9627713-0-9
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