Seonjo of Joseon

Seonjo of Joseon (6 December 1552 – 6 March 1608[1]) was the 14th king of the Joseon dynasty of Korea from 1567 to 1608. He was known for encouraging Confucianism and renovating state affairs at the beginning of his reign. However, he later gained infamy from political discord and incompetent leadership during the Japanese invasions of Korea.[2]

Seonjo of Joseon
朝鮮宣祖
조선 선조
King of Joseon
Reign1567–1608
PredecessorMyeongjong of Joseon
SuccessorGwanghaegun of Joseon
RegentCrown Prince Gwanghae
(1592–1608)
Born6 December 1552
Indalbang, Dojeong Palace, Hanseong, Kingdom of Joseon
Died6 March 1608 (1608-03-07) (aged 55)
Jeongchim, Haeng Palace, Jeongreungdong, Hanseong, Kingdom of Joseon
Burial
Mokreung, 197 Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi Province
ConsortQueen Uiin (m.1569–d.1600)
Queen Inmok (m.1602–1608)
IssueYi Jin, Prince Imhae
Yi Hon, Gwanghaegun of Joseon
Yi Bu, Prince Jeongwon
Princess Jeongmyeong
Yi Ui, Grand Prince Yeongchang
Posthumous name
King Sogyeong Jeongryun Ripgeuk Seongdeok Hongryeol Jiseong Daeui Gyeokcheon Huiun Gyeongmyeong Sinryeok Honggong Yungeop Hyeonmun Uimu Seongye Dalhyo the Great
소경정륜립극성덕홍렬지성대의격천희운경명신력홍공융업현문의무성예달효대왕
昭敬正倫立極盛德洪烈至誠大義格天熙運景命神曆弘功隆業顯文毅武聖睿達孝大王
Temple name
Seonjong (선종, 宣宗) (1608) —> Seonjo (선조, 宣祖) (1616)
HouseJeonju Yi
FatherYi Cho, Grand Internal Prince Deokheung (biological)
Yi Hwan, King Myeongjong (adoptive)
MotherGrand Internal Princess Consort Hadong of the Hadong Jeong clan (biological)
Queen Insun (adoptive)
ReligionConfucianism
Seonjo of Joseon
Hangul
선조
Hanja
Revised RomanizationSeonjo
McCune–ReischauerSŏnjo
Birth name
Hangul
이연
Hanja
李昖
Revised RomanizationI Yeon
McCune–ReischauerYi Yŏn

Biography

Background

King Seonjo was born Yi Yeon in 1552 in Hanseong (today, Seoul), capital of Korea, as the third son of Prince Deokheung (덕흥군), himself son of King Jungjong and Royal Noble Consort Chang of the Ansan Ahn clan (창빈 안씨). On his mother's side, Yi Yeon was also a great-great-great-grandson of Princess Jeongui, the daughter of Queen Soheon and King Sejong. Princess Jeongui's granddaughter, Lady Ahn of the Juksan Ahn clan, married Jeong Sang-jo (정상조, 鄭尙祖), his great-grandfather and son of Jeong In-ji through his second wife, Lady Yi of the Gyeongju Yi clan. As well as Jeong Sang-jo being the younger half-brother of Jo Gwang-jo.

He was given the title of Prince Haseong, and was eventually adopted by Queen Insun. When King Myeongjong died young without an heir, Prince Haseong was the next in the line of succession. Then, by decision of the royal court, he was crowned king in 1567 at the age of 16.[2][3] His father had the status of Grand Internal Prince (대원군, Daewongun, 'Great Prince of the Court).[4]

Early Reign (1567–1575)

King Seonjo focused on the improvement of the lives of the common people, as well as rebuilding the nation after the political corruption during the chaotic reign of Yeonsangun and King Jungjong. He encouraged Sarim scholars, who had been persecuted by entrenched aristocrats in four different purges between 1498 and 1545 during reign of Yeonsangun and Jungjong. Seonjo continued the political reforms of King Myeongjong, and put many famous Confucian scholars, including Yi Hwang, Yi I, Jeong Cheol, and Yu Seong-ryong, in office.[2]

Seonjo also reformed the civil service examination system, particularly the civil official qualification exam. The previous exam was mainly concerned with literature, not with politics or history. The king himself ordered the system to be reformed by increasing the importance of these other subjects. He also restored the reputations of executed scholars such as Jo Gwang-jo, who died in Third Literati Purge of 1519, and denounced the accomplishments of corrupt aristocrats, notably Nam Gon, who instigated the purge under Jungjong and contributed greatly to the corruption of the era. These acts earned the king the respect of the general populace, and the country enjoyed a brief era of peace.[2][5]

Political division and East-West feud (1575–1592)

Among the scholars King Seonjo called to the government were Sim Ui-gyeom and Kim Hyowon. Sim was a relative of the queen and heavily conservative.[6] Kim was the leading figure of the new generation of officials and called for liberal reforms.[7] The scholars who supported King Seonjo began to split into two factions, headed by Sim and Kim. Members of the two factions even lived in the same neighborhood; Sim's faction lived on west side of the city while Kim's followers gathered on the east side. Consequently, the two factions began to be called the Western Faction and the Easterners ; this two-faction based political system lasted 200 years and later helped bring about the collapse of the Joseon dynasty.[3][5]

At first the Westerners earned the favor of the king, since Sim was related to the queen and also had larger support from wealthy nobles. However, their attitudes on reformation and Sim's indecisiveness helped the Easterners take power, and the Westerners fell out of favor. Reforms were accelerated during the first period of influence of the Easterners, but then many Easterners began to urge others to slow down the reforms. The Easterners were once again divided into the Northern and the Southern Faction. Yu Seong-ryong led the Southern faction while the Northerners divided even further after arguments over many issues; the greater Northern faction came to become extremely liberal in the scope of their reform goals, while the “lesser” Northern faction was less reformist but still more open to reform than the Southerners.[3]

The political divisions caused the nation to be weakened, since the size of the military was also one of the issues on the reform agenda. Yi I, a neutral conservative, urged the king to increase the size of the army to prepare against future invasions from the Jurchens and Japanese. However, both factions rejected Yi's suggestions, and the size of the army was decreased further since many believed the peaceful period would last. The Jurchens and Japanese used this opportunity to expand their influence in East Asia, resulting in the Seven-Year War, and the foundation of the Qing dynasty in China, both of which would lead to devastation on the Korean Peninsula.[5]

King Seonjo faced many difficulties dealing with both new threats, sending many skilled military commanders to the northern front, while contending with Japanese leaders Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu in the south. However, after Toyotomi Hideyoshi unified Japan, the Japanese soon proved themselves to be the greater threat; and many Koreans began to fear that their country would be taken over by the Japanese. Many officials concerned with the defense of the kingdom urged the king to send delegates to Hideyoshi, their major purpose being to find out whether Hideyoshi was preparing for invasion or not. However, the two government factions could not even agree on this issue of national importance; so a compromise was made and one delegate from each faction was sent to Hideyoshi. When they returned to Korea, their reports only caused more controversy and confusion.[2][3][5] Hwang Yun-gil, of the Westerners faction, reported that Hideyoshi was raising huge numbers of troops,[8] but Kim Seong-il, of the Easterners faction, told the king that he thought these large forces were not for the war against Korea, since he was trying to complete his reforms quickly to prevent lawlessness and quash the bandits now roaming the countryside.[9] Since the Easterners had the bigger voice in government at the time, Hwang's reports were ignored and Seonjo decided not to prepare for war, even though the attitude of Hideyoshi in his letter to Seonjo clearly showed his interest in the conquest of Asia.[8][10]

Six-Year War (1592–1598)

In 1591, after the delegates had returned from Japan, Toyotomi Hideyoshi sent his own delegates to visit King Seonjo, and asked permission to pass through the Korean Peninsula to invade China, in effect declaring war against the Joseon kingdom. The king was surprised; after refusing the Japanese request he sent a letter to Beijing to alert the Chinese that the Japanese were actually preparing for full-scale war against the Korean-Chinese alliance. He also ordered the construction of many forts in the coastal regions and sent generals Sin Rip and Yi Il to the southern coast to prepare for war. While the Koreans were busy making their preparations, the Japanese manufactured muskets for many of their soldiers, mobilized warriors from across the entire country.[10][11]

On April 13, 1592, about 700 Japanese ships under Konishi Yukinaga invaded Korea. Konishi easily burned Fort Busan and Fort Donglae, killed commanders Jeong Bal and Song Sang-hyeon and marched northward. On the next day even more troops under Katō Kiyomasa and Kuroda Nagamasa landed, also marching toward Hanyang. A huge Japanese fleet under Todo Takatora and Kuki Yoshitaka supported them from the sea. General Yi Il faced Katō Kiyomasa at the Battle of Sangju, which was won by Japanese. Then Yi Il met General Sin Rip, but their combined forces were also defeated at the Battle of Chungju by Konishi Yukinaga. Then Seonjo appointed General Kim Myeong-won as Commander-in-Chief and Field Marshal, and ordered him to defend the capital. Then the king moved to Pyongyang, since the Japanese began to seize the capital. He later moved even further north to the border city of Uiju just before the fall of Pyongyang. While the king was absent from the capital, many people who had lost hope in the government plundered the palace and burned many public buildings. This resulted in even more damage than that perpetrated by the Japanese after they had captured the city.[10][11]

Although the army continued to lose men and battles, the navy successfully cut the Japanese supply line from the sea; Admiral Yi Sun-sin defeated the Japanese fleet several times and did much damage to the supply ships. With the navy blocking supplies, Chinese forces arrived and began to push the Japanese southward, eventually retaking Pyongyang. Konishi Yukinaga successfully blocked a Chinese advance at Battle of Byeokjegwan, and again tried to push the Koreans northward,[12] but the crucial blow came at the Battle of Hangju, where General Gwon Yul defeated the Japanese with a much smaller force.[13] The Japanese then decided to enter into peace negotiations, while both sides continued fighting. A month before he returned to Hanyang, Seonjo wrote an edict in Hangeul where anyone that either captured Japanese forces in battle, reported on invading troop movements, or rescued Korean prisoners would receive the title of government official regardless of class. [14] During these negotiations Koreans retook Seoul, but the palaces had all been burnt to the ground, so Seonjo repaired one of the old royal family's houses and renamed it Deoksugung, making it one of the official palaces.[15]

The peace negotiations between the Chinese and Japanese ended unsuccessfully, due to a lack of understanding between the two sides and misrepresentation of the Koreans. The Japanese again invaded Korea in 1597; but this time all three nations were ready for war, and the Japanese were not able to advance as easily as in 1592. The Japanese tried to take Hanyang from both land and sea routes. At first the plan seemed to work well when Todo Takatora defeated Admiral Won Gyun at the Battle of Chilchonryang,[16] but it was eventually thwarted when the Korean navy under Admiral Yi Sun-sin defeated the Japanese fleet under Todo Takatora in the Battle of Myeongnyang with only 13 ships. Combined with the sudden death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the battle effectively ended the war, with the Japanese completely withdrawing from Korea in 1598. The Battle of Noryang marked the end of the war, with the last Japanese units under Konishi Yukinaga leaving Korea.[5][10][11]

Later days (1598–1608)

Despite all the efforts put in by Seonjo during the war, such as establishing army training facilities and reforming taxation laws – people were awarded with increase of social class, exemption of labor or crimes in return for payment of tax in rice – the war left a devastated land and starving people.[2] After the war, his wish of reconstructing the nation was impeded by the political turmoil caused by quarrelling political factions and famine.[3] King Seonjo lost hope in governing the nation, and let his Crown Prince Gwanghaegun rule in his place. However, when the queen gave birth to a son (Gwanghaegun was the second son of Lady Kim, the king's concubine), the succession also became a matter of contention.[17] King Seonjo died in 1608, while political division and outside threats still darkened the skies over Korea.[3]

Family

  1. Queen Uiin of the Bannam Park clan (15 May 1555 – 26 July 1600) (의인왕후 박씨) — No issue.
  2. Queen Inmok of the Yeonan Kim clan (5 December 1584 – 3 August 1632) (인목왕후 김씨)[20]
    1. Princess Jeongmyeong (27 June 1603 – 8 September 1685) (정명공주), Eleventh daughter[21]
    2. Fourteenth daughter (1604–1604)[22]
    3. Yi Ui, Grand Prince Yeongchang (12 April 1606 – 19 March 1614) (이의 영창대군), Thirteenth son[23]
  3. Royal Noble Consort Gong of the Gimhae Kim clan (16 November 1553 – 13 June 1577) (공빈 김씨)[24]
    1. Yi Jin, Prince Imhae (20 September 1572 – 3 June 1609) (이진 임해군), First son[25]
    2. Yi Hon, Crown Prince Gwanghae (4 June 1575 – 7 August 1641) (이혼 광해세자), Second son
  4. Royal Noble Consort In of the Suwon Kim clan (1555–1613) (인빈 김씨)[26][27]
    1. Yi Seong, Prince Uian (1577 – 24 February 1588) (이성 의안군), Third son[28]
    2. Yi Ho, Prince Shinseong (6 January 1579 – 8 December 1592) (이후 신성군), Fourth son[29]
    3. Yi Bu, Prince Jeongwon (2 August 1580 – 29 December 1619) (이부 정원군), Fifth son
    4. Princess Jeongsin (1583–1653) (정신옹주), First daughter[30]
    5. Princess Jeonghye (1584–1638) (정혜옹주), Second daughter[31]
    6. Princess Jeongsuk (1587 – 6 November 1627) (정숙옹주), Third daughter[32][33]
    7. Yi Gwang, Prince Uichang (1589–1645) (이광 의창군), Eighth son[34]
    8. Princess Jeongan (1590–1660) (정안옹주), Fifth daughter[35]
    9. Princess Jeonghwi (1593 – 15 July 1653) (정휘옹주), Sixth daughter[36]
  5. Royal Noble Consort Sun of the Gimhae Kim clan (순빈 김씨) (? – 1647)
    1. Yi Bu, Prince Sunhwa (10 October 1580 – 18 March 1607) (이부 순화군), Sixth son[37][38][39][40]
  6. Royal Noble Consort Jeong of the Yeoheung Min clan (1567–1626) (정빈 민씨)[41][42]
    1. Yi Gong, Prince Inseong (29 October 1588 – 20 May 1628) (이공 인성군), Seventh son[43]
    2. Princess Jeongin (1590 – 10 January 1656) (정인옹주), Fourth daughter[44]
    3. Princess Jeongseon (1 April 1594 – 1 August 1614) (정선옹주), Seventh daughter[45]
    4. Princess Jeonggeun (1601 – 11 July 1613) (정근옹주), Tenth daughter[46][28]
    5. Yi Yeong, Prince Inheung (1604–1651) (이영 인흥군), Twelfth son[47]
  7. Royal Noble Consort Jeong of the Namyang Hong clan (1563–1638) (정빈 홍씨)[48]
    1. Princess Jeongjeong (1595–1666) (정정옹주), Eighth daughter[49]
    2. Yi Ju, Prince Gyeongchang (23 September 1596 – 16 January 1644) (이주 경창군), Ninth son[50][51][52]
  8. Royal Noble Consort On of the Cheongju Han clan (2 November 1581 - 10 December 1664) (온빈 한씨)[53][54]
    1. Yi Je, Prince Heungan (1598–1624) (이제 흥안군), Tenth son[55][56]
    2. Yi Reuk, Prince Gyeongpyeong (June 1600 – 28 November 1673) (이륵 경평군), Eleventh son[57][58]
    3. Princess Jeonghwa (1604–1667) (정화옹주), Twelfth daughter[59]
    4. Yi Gye, Prince Yeongseon (21 January 1607 – 24 October 1649) (이계 영선군), Fourteenth son[60]
  9. Royal Consort Gwi-in of the Yeonil Jeong clan (귀인 정씨) (1557–1579)[61][62][63]
  10. Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Dongrae Jeong clan (숙의 정씨) (1564–1580)[62][64]
  11. Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Kim clan (숙의 김씨)[62]
  12. Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Han clan (숙의 한씨)[62]
  13. Deposed Royal Consort So-won of the Yun clan (폐 소원 윤씨) (? – 1632)[62][65]
  14. Court Lady Kim (상궁 김씨) (? – 1623)[66][67][62]
  15. Court Lady Park (상궁 박씨)
  16. Unknown
    1. Fifteenth son (? – 1603)[22]
    2. Ninth daughter (1596–1601)[22]
    3. Thirteenth Daughter (? – 1603)[22]

Modern depictions

See also

References

  1. In Lunar Calendar, the King was born on 11 November 1552 and died on 1 February 1608
  2. (in Korean) Seonjo at Doosan Encyclopedia
  3. (in Korean) Seonjo Archived 2011-06-10 at the Wayback Machine at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
  4. (in Korean) Daewongun at Doosan Encyclopedia. An honorary title given to the father of the king who is not a direct heir from the previous king.
  5. The Academy of Korean Studies, Korea through the Ages Vol. 1 p189-p195, The Editor Publishing Co., Seoul, 2005. ISBN 89-7105-544-8
  6. (in Korean) Sim Ui-gyeom at Doosan Encyclopedia
  7. (in Korean) Kim Hyowon at Doosan Encyclopedia
  8. (in Korean) Hwang Yun-gil at Doosan Encyclopedia
  9. (in Korean) Kim Seong-il at Doosan Encyclopedia
  10. (in Korean) Japanese invasions of Korea 1592–1598 at Doosan Encyclopedia
  11. (in Korean) Japanese invasions of Korea 1592–1598 Archived 2011-06-10 at the Wayback Machine at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
  12. (in Korean) Battle of Byeokjegwan at Doosan Encyclopedia
  13. (in Korean) Gwon Yul at Doosan Encyclopedia
  14. "Royal Edict of King Seonjo Written in Hangeul". Cultural Heritage Administration. June 16, 1988. Archived from the original on March 31, 2023.
  15. (in Korean) Deoksugung at Doosan Encyclopedia
  16. (in Korean) Won Gyun Archived 2011-06-10 at the Wayback Machine at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
  17. (in Korean) Gwanghaegun Archived 2011-06-10 at the Wayback Machine at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
  18. A great-granddaughter of Jeong In-ji
  19. His uncle, Jeong Hyeon-jo (정현조, 鄭顯祖) (1440 – 13 July 1504), married Princess Uisuk; a daughter of King Sejo of Joseon and Queen Jeonghui.
  20. She eventually became the 8th great-grand aunt of Kim Sudeok, the wife of Prince Yi Kang (King Gojong’s son).
  21. Became the great-great-great-grandmother of Lady Hyegyeong.
  22. died prematurely
  23. Had an adoptive son, Yi Pil, Prince Changseong (창성군 필, 昌城君 佖); a grandson of King Seonjo of Joseon and Royal Noble Consort Jeong of the Namyang Hong clan
  24. Was honored as Queen Gongseong of the Gimhae Kim clan (공성왕후, 恭聖王后) during her son’s reign
  25. Married Princess Consort Heo of the Yangcheon Heo clan (군부인 양천 허씨, 郡夫人 陽川 許氏) (1571–1644), and had 4 children (1 daughter, 1 son, and 2 adoptive sons).
  26. Was honored as Gyeonghye Inbin (경혜인빈, 敬惠仁嬪)
  27. She is a second cousin of Royal Noble Consort Gyeong of the Jeonui Lee clan (1541 – June 1595) (경빈 이씨), the concubine of King Myeongjong (Seonjo’s adoptive father)
  28. Died at the age of 12
  29. Married Princess Consort Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (군부인 평산 신씨, 郡夫人 平山申氏) (1578–1622), and had 3 children (1 daughter and 2 adoptive sons)
  30. Married Seo Gyeong-ju (서경주, 徐景霌) of the Dalseong Seo clan (1579–1643), and had 8 children (5 daughters and 3 sons). One of her daughters married Queen Inmok's younger brother
  31. Married Yun Shin-ji (윤신지, 尹新之) of the Haepyeong Yun clan (1582–1657), and had 2 sons. Through her granddaughter Lady Yun, Princess Jeonghye became the maternal great-great-grandmother of Queen Ingyeong, King Sukjong's first wife. The princess’ mother-in-law, Han Bong-heon (한봉헌, 韓鳳獻; 1562 - 1603) of the Cheongju Han clan, was the granddaughter of Princess Uihye, the daughter of King Jungjong and Queen Munjeong, and was the granddaughter-in-law of Yun Du-su.
  32. Married Shin Ik-seong (신익성, 申翊聖) (1588–1644) of the Pyeongsan Shin clan, and had 9 children (4 daughters and 5 sons).
  33. Her fourth daughter, Shin Ji-kang (신지강, 申止康; 1617 – ?), married Kim Jwa-myeong of the Cheongpung Kim clan (the uncle of Queen Myeongseong). Her third daughter, Shin Sun-kang (신순강, 申順康; 1615 – ?), married Crown Princess Minhoe's younger Kang Mun-du
  34. Married Princess Consort Heo of the Yangcheon Heo clan (양천군부인 양천 허씨, 陽川郡夫人 陽川 許氏), and had an adoptive son. His wife is a half-niece of Heo Nanseolheon and Heo Gyun
  35. Married Park Mi (박미, 朴瀰) of the Bannam Park clan (1592–1645), and had a son.
  36. Married Ryu Jeong-ryang (류정량, 柳廷亮) of the Jeonju Ryu clan (1591–1663), and had 4 children (2 sons and 2 daughters).
  37. Married Lady Hwang of the Jangsu Hwang clan (장수 황씨, 長水 黃氏) (27 April 1577 – 8 August 1645), and had a 1 daughter, Yi Gye-yeo (이계여, 李桂餘). His daughter eventually became the step-grandmother of Queen Inhyeon; King Sukjong’s second Queen Consort
  38. With a concubine, Lady Cheon-deok (천덕, 天德), he had 2 daughters; Yi Eob-yi (이업이, 李業伊; 1601 – ? ), and Yi Jung-yi (이중이, 李衆伊) (1603 – ?)
  39. Yi Tae-gyeong, Prince Jinreung (이태경 진릉군, 晉陵君) (1594–1612), a grandson of his grandfather, and Yi Eok, Prince Haean (해안군 이억) (1613 – ?), a son of his younger half-brother, Prince Inseong, became his adoptive sons
  40. His wife, Lady Hwang of the Jangsu Hwang clan (장수 황씨, 長水 黃氏), was the adoptive great-great granddaughter of Princess Jeongsuk (a daughter of King Seongjong and Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Namyang Hong clan (숙의 홍씨; 1457 – 1510)
  41. Her great-grandparents were Princess Gyeongsuk, a daughter of King Seongjong, and Min Ja-bang (민자방, 閔子芳). Her grandfather, Min Hu-yeol (민희열, 閔希說) (1510 – ?), eventually became the maternal great-grandfather of Heo Jeok through her paternal aunt and the maternal great-great-great-grandfather of Queen Inhyeon
  42. Daughter of Min Sa-joon (민사준, 閔士俊) (1537 – ?) of the Yeoheung Min clan, and Lady Maeng of the Sincheon Maeng clan (신천 맹씨).
  43. Married Princess Consort Yun of the Haepyeong Yun clan (군부인 해평 윤씨), and had 7 children (5 sons and 2 daughters).
  44. Later married Hong Woo-gyeong (홍우경, 洪友敬) (1590–1625), and had a son, Hong Yeon (홍언, 洪琂) (1609 – ?).
  45. Later married Gwon Dae-im (권대임, 權大任) (1595–1645), and had a son, Gwon Jeon (권진, 權瑱) (1613–1659)
  46. Later married Kim Geuk-bin (김극빈, 金克鑌) (1600–1628) of the Seonsan Kim clan (선산 김씨, 善山 金氏), and had an adoptive son, Kim Se-pil (김세필, 金世泌)
  47. Later married Lady Song of the Yeosan Song clan (여산 송씨, 礪山 宋氏), and had 2 sons; Yi Woo, Prince Nangseon (낭선군 우(郞善君 俁) and Yi Gan, Prince Nangwon (낭원군 간, 郞原君 偘)
  48. Was known before as Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Namyang Hong clan (숙의 홍씨, 淑儀 洪氏)
  49. Married Yu Jeok ( 유적, 柳頔) (1595–1619) and had an adoptive son, Yu Myeong-jeon (유명전, 柳命全) (1628–1644)
  50. His eldest son became the adoptive son of his younger half-brother, Grand Prince Yeongchang
  51. Married Lady Jo of the Changnyeong Jo clan (창녕 조씨, 昌寧 曺氏) (1594–1648), and had 7 children (4 sons and 3 daughters)
  52. With a concubine, he had 2 sons and 2 daughters
  53. Daughter of Han Sa-chang (한사형, 韓士亨) and Lady Park of the Juksan Park clan (죽산 박씨, 竹山 朴氏)
  54. She started as Royal Consort Suk-won (숙원, 淑媛), then as Royal Consort Suk-ui (숙의, 淑儀), Royal Consort Gwi-in (귀인, 貴人), and lastly as Royal Noble Consort (정1품 빈, 嬪)
  55. Married Princess Consort Cheongwon of the Cheongju Han clan (청주군부인 청주 한씨, 淸州郡夫人 淸州 韓氏), and had an adoptive son, Yi Hui, Prince Haeyang (해양군 이희, 海陽君 李僖) (1620–1682)
  56. Later remarried to Princess Consort Papyeong of the Papyeong Yun clan (파평군부인 파평 윤씨, 坡平郡夫人 坡平 尹氏), and had another adoptive son, Yi Yeong-se (이영세, 李英世) (1617–1668)
  57. Married Princess Consort Choi of the Saknyeong Choi clan (군부인 삭녕 최씨, 郡夫人 朔寧 崔氏), and had a son, Yi Hyeon, Prince Yeongyang (영양군 현, 嶺陽君 儇)
  58. With a concubine, he had 3 sons and 2 daughters
  59. Married Gwon Dae-hang (권대항, 權大恒) of the Andong Gwon clan, and had an adoptive son, Gwon Deok-hwi (권덕휘, 權德徽) (1622 – ?)
  60. Married Princess Consort Hoesan of the Cheongwon Hwang clan (회산군부인 창원 황씨, 檜山郡夫人 昌原 黃氏), and had a son, Yi Yun, Prince Hoewon (회원군 이윤, 檜原君 李倫) (1636–1731)
  61. Was first known before as Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Yeonil Jeong clan (숙의 정씨), then as Royal Consort So-ui of the Yeonil Jeong clan (소의 정씨)
  62. No issue
  63. Daughter of Jeong Hwang (정황, 鄭滉) and Lady Han (한씨, 韓氏). Niece of Jeong Cheol and Royal Consort Gwi-in, a concubine of King Injong
  64. Daughter of Jeong Sun-hui (정순희, 鄭純禧) and Lady Yun of the Haepyeong Yun clan (해평 윤씨, 海平 尹氏). Maternal niece of Yun Du-su and Yun Geun-su
  65. Her name was Yun Hui (윤희, 尹希) or Yun Gwi-hui (윤귀희, 尹歸希)
  66. Her personal name was Kim Gae-si (김개시, 金介屎). Other names used or known as were Kim Gae-hee (김개희, 金介姬) and Kim Ga-si (김가시, 金可屎)
  67. Also became the concubine for Gwanghaegun of Joseon
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.