Lyman, Ukraine

Lyman (Ukrainian: Лиман, IPA: [ɫɪˈmɑn]; Russian: Лиман, romanized: Liman), formerly known as Krasnyi Lyman (Ukrainian: Красний Лиман; Russian: Красный Лиман, romanized: Krasny Liman, lit. 'Red Lyman') from 1925 to 2016,[1] is a city in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. Administratively, it is incorporated as a city of oblast significance. Until 2016, it also served as the administrative center of Lyman Raion, though it was not part of the raion. It still serves as the administrative center of Lyman urban hromada.[2][3] The population was 20,066 (2022 estimate),[4] down from 28,172 in 2001. In October 2022, following two battles during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the population was estimated to be approximately 5,000 by authorities.[5]

"Krasnyi Lyman" redirects here. For other uses, see Krasnyi Lyman (disambiguation).

Lyman
Лиман
City
Lyman railway station
Lyman railway station
Flag of Lyman
Flag
Coat of arms of Lyman
Coat of arms
Lyman is located in Donetsk Oblast
Lyman
Lyman
Lyman is located in Ukraine
Lyman
Lyman
Coordinates: 48°59′7″N 37°48′40″E
Country Ukraine
Oblast Donetsk Oblast
Raion Kramatorsk Raion
HromadaLyman urban hromada
Population
 (2022)
 • Total20,066

History

Archaeologists have discovered Neolithic stone sculptures in the Lyman district and Scythian remains from the fourth and third centuries BCE. According to the Russian language Entsiklopedicheskii slovar (vol 34, page 687) in the seventeenth century, a fort was built there to defend the southern borders of Sloboda Ukraine from the attacks of the Crimean Tatars. It is first mentioned in documents of the mid-1600s. In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Moscow tsar Peter I, Lyman was explicitly mentioned as one of the towns included to Azov Governorate.[6][7] The town was given the prefix Krasnyi ("red") in 1925 for ideological purposes by the Soviet government.

Russo-Ukrainian War

In June 2014, the city was the scene of the battle of Krasnyi Lyman during the war in Donbas.[8] On 5 June the town returned to Ukrainian control.[9]

Following the 2015 law on decommunization the city returned to its original name Lyman, removing the prefix Krasnyi.[10] The change was approved by the Verkhovna Rada (the Ukrainian parliament) on 4 February 2016.[10]

Lyman is an important railway junction. During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Lyman was seized following a battle for the city by Russian troops on 27 May. Russian occupiers changed the city's name back to Soviet Krasnyi Liman shortly thereafter.[11][12][13] From 10 September, Ukrainian troops advanced to Lyman as part of the Ukrainian Kharkiv counteroffensive, and engaged Russian troops[14][15] in what has been called the Second Battle of Lyman. On 1 October, a Russian Defense Ministry spokesman announced that Russian forces were withdrawing from the city, hours after Russian president Vladimir Putin had declared the city annexed by Russia.[16][17][18][19]

On 8 July 2023, at around 9:55 a.m., the Russian Armed Forces shelled the residential area in the center of Lyman with 9M55K-series Smerch cluster munition. Lyman was at the time approximately 15 kilometers west of Russian-occupied territories. The bombing killed 9 civilians, while 13 were wounded.[20][21][22]

Industry

Lyman is an important railway junction, carrying up to 30% of cargo on the Donetsk railway system. 35% of residents are employed in rail transport, and 18% in industry. Railway transport enterprises include the local office of the Donetsk Railway Administration, the PMS-10 track engine station, the ТЧ-1 locomotive depot, the РПЧ-3 motor car depot, and numerous maintenance sites and sections of the railway. Other industries include food processing, a feed mill, quarry management, the Leman-Beton concrete manufacturer, and others.

More than 80 agricultural enterprises operate in the region. The forestry and animal husbandry business is among the most important in Ukraine. More than 40,000 mink skins are produced in Lyman annually. There is also a branch of the energy company 000 Donbasnefteprodukt. Other industries have included a silicate brick factory, an asphalt and concrete factory, and a food canning factory.

Demographics

As of the 2001 Ukrainian census:[23]

Ethnicity

Language

Distribution of the population by native language according to the 2001 census:[24]

Language Percentage
Ukrainian 69.8%
Russian 29.67%
other/undecided 0.53%

Twin towns

On 11 January 2023, Westport, Connecticut officially announced Lyman as their sister city.[25]

References
  1. "Rada de-communized Artemivsk as well as over one hundred cities and villages" (in Ukrainian). Pravda.com.ua. 4 February 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  2. "Dovidnyk «Ukrayina. Administratyvno-terytorial'nyy ustriy». Donets'ka oblast'. 2. Naseleni punkty Donets'koyi oblasti. Mista oblasnoho znachennya (stanom na 01.06.2018)" Довідник «Україна. Адміністративно-територіальний устрій». Донецька область. 2. Населені пункти Донецької області. Міста обласного значення (станом на 1 June 2018) [Cataloque «Ukraine. Administrative-territorial structure». Donetsk Oblast. 2. Settlements of Donetsk Oblast. Cities of regional significance (as of 2018-06-01)] (RTF) (in Ukrainian). 1 June 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
  3. "Lymans'ka hromada" Лиманська громада [Lyman Community]. Portal of United Territorial Communities of Ukraine (in Ukrainian). 1 June 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
  4. Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
  5. The Ukrainian authorities have yet to offer full estimates of the population loss in areas reclaimed in the offensives. But in one indication, the Ukrainian Army liberated the city of Lyman, with about 5,000 residents remaining, according to the local police, out of a prewar population of 22,000.
  6. "Указ об учреждении губерний и о росписании к ним городов" [Decree on the establishment of provinces and on the schedule of cities for them]. constitution.garant.ru.(in Russian)
  7. Архивный отдел Администрации Мурманской области. Государственный Архив Мурманской области. (Archival department of the Administration of the Murmansk region. State Archive of the Murmansk region.) (1995). Административно-территориальное деление Мурманской области (1920-1993 гг.). Справочник [Administrative-territorial division of the Murmansk region (1920-1993). Directory]. Мурманск: Мурманское издательско-полиграфическое предприятие "Север". pp. 19–20.
  8. "Ukraine crisis: Rebels take bases in Luhansk region". BBC News. 4 June 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  9. We Can Win After All, The Ukrainian Week (6 August 2015)
  10. Decommunisation continues: Rada renames several towns and villages, UNIAN (4 February 2016)
    "Rada de-communized Artemivsk as well as over hundred cities and villages" (in Ukrainian). Pravda.com.ua. 4 February 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  11. "Сжигаем ящики в Красном Лимане, боясь возвращения ВСУ"
  12. "Ukraine war: Troops could quit Severodonetsk amid Russian advance - official". BBC News. 27 May 2022.
  13. "Russia takes control of Lyman as assault on Donbas region continues". The Guardian. 28 May 2022.
  14. "Ukraine Forces Retake Control of Key Russian Stronghold". VOA. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  15. Gatopoulos, Alex. "Analysis: Russia caught out by Ukraine's double offensive". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  16. Давлетшина, Александра Ганга, Лейсан (1 October 2022). "Минобороны сообщило об отводе войск из Красного Лимана на более выгодные рубежи". Известия (in Russian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. "Война в Украине: ВСУ зашли в Лиман, в Харьковской области нашли расстрелянную автоколонну" [War in Ukraine: Armed Forces of Ukraine entered the Liman, in the Kharkiv region they found a shot convoy]. BBC News (in Russian). 1 October 2022.
  18. "Ukraine forces Russian troops out of city a day after Vladimir Putin's annexation". Sky News. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  19. "Ukraine war: Russian troops forced out of eastern town Lyman". BBC News. 1 October 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  20. Maria Kostenko (8 July 2023). "Russian shelling kills at least 8 people in Ukrainian city of Lyman, regional leaders say". CNN. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  21. "Russian artillery shelling kills eight civilians in Lyman, Ukraine, military says". Reuters. 8 July 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  22. Francesca Gillett (8 July 2023). "Ukraine war: Eight killed in Russian strike in Lyman, say authorities". BBC News. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  23. Національний склад та рідна мова населення Донецької області. Розподіл постійного населення за найбільш численними національностями та рідною мовою по міськрадах та районах [National composition and native language of the population of Donetsk region. Distribution of the permanent population by the most numerous nationalities and native language by city councils and districts] (in Ukrainian), archived from the original on 7 February 2012
  24. https://socialdata.org.ua/projects/mova-2001/
  25. "From Westport to war zone, bond forged with Ukrainian city". 11 January 2023.
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