Lake Amtkeli

Lake Amtkeli
Lake Amtkeli
	Lake Amtkeli Lake Amtkeli
Location	Gulripshi District
Coordinates	43°05′42″N 41°17′54″E
Lake type	Glacial lake
Primary inflows	Amtkeli
Primary outflows	Jampali (through sinkholes); Amtkeli
Catchment area	153 km2 (59 sq mi)
Basin countries	Georgia, (Abkhazia[1])
Built	3 October 1891
Max. length	2.4 km (1.5 mi)
Surface area	0.58 km2 (0.22 sq mi)
Max. depth	65 m (213 ft)
Surface elevation	512 m (1,680 ft)
Frozen	very rarely
Settlements	Azanta

Lake Amtkeli or Amtkel[2] (Abkhaz: Амтҟьал; Georgian: ამტყელის ტბა; Russian: Амткел) is a lake in the Gulripshi District of Abkhazia, Georgia that was formed on 3 October 1891 when an earthquake caused a landslide on the south-western slope of Mt. little Shkhapach into the valley of the Amtkeli River.[3][4][5]

Geography

Lake Amtkeli is fed by the Amtkeli River, but only a small part of its water percolates through the obstructing rubble back into the river. The greater part leaves the lake through underground passages to the Jampal River. Due to the lake's limited discharge capacity, its water level rises strongly during snowmelt in May, leading to annual fluctuations of up to 40 m (131 ft) in the lake's average 512 m (1,680 ft) height above sea level and 65 m (213 ft) maximal depth, and increasing its length from 2.4 km (1.5 mi) to 4 km (2.5 mi). The average surface area of Lake Amtkeli is 0.58 km² (0.22 sq mi), and its drainage basin measures 153 km² (59 sq mi).

Due to the lake's origin, its underwater slopes are steep, following the surface slopes.[4]

Environment

Lake Amtkeli is home to trout, chub, nase, barbel and spirlin.

In July and August, the lake's average surface temperature is 20 °C (68 °F), in Winter it rarely freezes over.[4]

Human settlement

The village of Azanta is located next to lake Amtkeli, and some of its inhabitants keep fishing boats on its shore.[4]

References

The political status of Abkhazia is disputed. Having unilaterally declared independence from Georgia in 1992, Abkhazia is formally recognised as an independent state by 5 UN member states (two other states previously recognised it but then withdrew their recognition), while the remainder of the international community recognizes it as as de jure Georgian territory. Georgia continues to claim the area as its own territory, designating it as Russian-occupied territory.
"Lake Amtkel", page 63, A Checklist of the Ground-beetles of Russia and Adjacent Lands
Solonenko, V.P. (1979). "Mapping the After-Effects of Disastrous Earthquakes and Estimation of Hazard for Engineering Constructions". Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology. Krefeld. 19: 138–142. doi:10.1007/bf02600466. S2CID 129509677.
Озеро, рожденное обвалом (in Russian). bluekaz.ru. 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
Bondyrev, I. V.; Z. K. Tatashidz; V. P. Singh; E. D. Tsereteli; A. Yilmaz (2004). "Impediments to the Sustainable Development of the Caucasus-Pontdes Region". Journal of Comparative Social Welfare. London: Routledge. 20 (1): 33–48. doi:10.1080/17486830408417009. S2CID 153365107.

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[1] The political status of Abkhazia is disputed. Having unilaterally declared independence from Georgia in 1992, Abkhazia is formally recognised as an independent state by 5 UN member states (two other states previously recognised it but then withdrew their recognition), while the remainder of the international community recognizes it as as de jure Georgian territory. Georgia continues to claim the area as its own territory, designating it as Russian-occupied territory.

[2] "Lake Amtkel", page 63, A Checklist of the Ground-beetles of Russia and Adjacent Lands

[solonenko79-3] Solonenko, V.P. (1979). "Mapping the After-Effects of Disastrous Earthquakes and Estimation of Hazard for Engineering Constructions". Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology. Krefeld. 19: 138–142. doi:10.1007/bf02600466. S2CID 129509677.

[bluekaz32-4] Озеро, рожденное обвалом (in Russian). bluekaz.ru. 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2010.

[bondyrev04-5] Bondyrev, I. V.; Z. K. Tatashidz; V. P. Singh; E. D. Tsereteli; A. Yilmaz (2004). "Impediments to the Sustainable Development of the Caucasus-Pontdes Region". Journal of Comparative Social Welfare. London: Routledge. 20 (1): 33–48. doi:10.1080/17486830408417009. S2CID 153365107.