Lake County, Tennessee

Lake County is a county located in the northwest corner of the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,005, making it the fifth-least populous county in Tennessee.[2] Its county seat is Tiptonville.[3] It shares a border with Kentucky to the north and is separated from Missouri to the west by the Mississippi River.

Lake County
County
Lake County Courthouse in Tiptonville
Lake County Courthouse in Tiptonville
Map of Tennessee highlighting Lake County
Location within the U.S. state of Tennessee
Map of the United States highlighting Tennessee
Tennessee's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 36°20′N 89°29′W
Country United States
State Tennessee
Founded1870
Named forReelfoot Lake[1]
SeatTiptonville
Largest townTiptonville
Area
 • Total194 sq mi (500 km2)
 • Land166 sq mi (430 km2)
 • Water28 sq mi (70 km2)  14%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total7,005 Decrease
 • Density47/sq mi (18/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district8th
Websitewww.lakecountytn.com

Reelfoot Lake, formed after the New Madrid earthquakes in the early 19th century, occupies much of the northern part of the county. Issues of control of the lake and the development of cotton plantations in this part of the county resulted in violence by local farmers against corporate owners in 1908; the state called in the militia to suppress night riding. Reelfoot Lake and surrounding property were finally acquired by the state beginning in 1914. It is now within the Reelfoot Lake State Park and preserved for public use. The Northwest Correctional Complex in Tiptonville, a state prison first opened in 1981, can house up to 2,391 male prisoners, a significant share of the county's population.[4]

History

The history of Lake County has been largely defined by Reelfoot Lake, a natural lake created by the New Madrid earthquakes of 1811 and 1812. It is surrounded by wetlands. This territory was originally included in Obion County.[1]

In 1862, during the Civil War, the Battle of Island Number Ten took place in the Mississippi River, just off the shores of Obion County, in territory now part of Lake County.[1]

The county was organized in 1870, during the Reconstruction era. Its residents had long complained about the difficulty of having to traverse swampy areas during seasonal high waters around Reelfoot Lake to reach the county seat, then Troy, Tennessee, located to the east of the lake. After the new Lake County was established, Tiptonville was designated as its county seat.

In 1907 and 1908, a violent conflict took place in Lake and Obion counties, and neighboring Fulton County, Kentucky, which also had frontage on the lake. Private investors bought title to most of the land around the lake, gaining control, and formed the West Tennessee Land Company, to develop the property. In this era, western Tennessee and Kentucky were being developed for cotton culture and the lowlands around the lake were fertile floodplain. They announced plans to drain the lake. A band of local farmers and others who made their living from the lake, organized resistance, becoming known as the "Night Riders of Reelfoot Lake."

Beginning with the burning of John Carlos Burdick's fish docks on April 12, 1908, they committed crimes over a period of months, harassing the land company's employees.[5] In October 1908 they kidnapped two attorneys and lynched one, Quentin Rankin, who was also a shareholder in the land company. The other escaped.[1] Given this attack and murder, Governor Malcolm Patterson personally led the Tennessee National Guard into the area, and arrested hundreds of suspected Night Riders.[6] The Night Riders also rode against African Americans, as they were resisting the increase of blacks in the counties, some of whom had come to work as sharecroppers on newly developed cotton plantations. Since the late 19th century, the white-dominated legislature had passed Jim Crow laws and increasing restrictions on voters.

The state gained title to Reelfoot Lake in 1914 to preserve it for public use, but actions were tied up for some years in court challenges.[6] To prevent private development from restricting its use, in 1925 Governor Austin Peay designated the lake as a hunting and fishing reserve. This was the precedent for the larger area to be preserved as the modern Reelfoot Lake State Park.[7]

From 1877 to 1950, there were 13 lynchings of blacks in Lake County, the third-highest number in the state. Neighboring Obion County had 18 lynchings. These were high rates for counties with relatively small populations; Shelby County had the highest total, 20 lynchings in that period. Most of these murders were committed in the decades around the turn of the century,[8] during the period of heightened violence related to opposition to corporate control of Reelfoot Lake and the introduction of cotton plantations and African-American workers to this area.[9]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 194 square miles (500 km2), of which 166 square miles (430 km2) is land and 28 square miles (73 km2) (14%) is water.[10] It is the fifth-smallest county in Tennessee by area.

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

State protected areas

Demographics

From 1950 to 1990 the population declined noticeably, as many African Americans moved to cities or to the West Coast in the Great Migration of the second half of the 20th century.

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18702,428—
18803,96863.4%
18905,30433.7%
19007,36838.9%
19108,70418.1%
19209,0754.3%
193010,48615.5%
194011,2357.1%
195011,6553.7%
19609,572−17.9%
19707,896−17.5%
19807,455−5.6%
19907,129−4.4%
20007,95411.6%
20107,832−1.5%
20207,005−10.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[11]
1790–1960[12] 1900–1990[13]
1990–2000[14] 2010–2020[15] 2020[2]
Age pyramid Lake County[16]

2020 census
Lake County racial composition[17]
Race Num. Perc.
White (non-Hispanic) 4,755 67.88%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic) 1,832 26.15%
Native American 15 0.21%
Asian 12 0.17%
Pacific Islander 5 0.07%
Other/Mixed 211 3.01%
Hispanic or Latino 175 2.5%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 7,005 people, 2,243 households, and 1,498 families residing in the county.

2000 census

As of the census[18] of 2000, there were 7,954 people, 2,410 households, and 1,614 families residing in the county. The population density was 49 people per square mile (19 people/km2). There were 2,716 housing units at an average density of 17 units per square mile (6.6/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 66.63% White, 31.19% Black or African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.62% from other races, and 1.03% from two or more races. 1.37% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,410 households, out of which 28.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.20% were married couples living together, 16.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.00% were non-families. 30.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 17.70% under the age of 18, 13.70% from 18 to 24, 33.80% from 25 to 44, 21.50% from 45 to 64, and 13.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 151.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 163.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $21,995, and the median income for a family was $30,339. Males had a median income of $25,082 versus $18,700 for females. The per capita income for the county was $10,794. About 19.90% of families and 23.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.10% of those under age 18 and 25.10% of those age 65 or over.

Media

Radio stations
  • WTNV FM 97.3
  • KMIS-AM 1050

Newspaper
  • The Lake County Banner [19]

Education

Communities

Towns

Unincorporated communities

Politics

Prior to 2008, Lake County was a Democratic Party stronghold in presidential elections. During the period between 1880 and 2004 it only failed to back that party's presidential candidates in 1968 and 1972. Since then, the county has become increasingly Republican, with Hillary Clinton failing to even crack thirty percent of the county's vote despite her husband Bill Clinton winning over sixty percent in 1992 and 1996.

United States presidential election results for Lake County, Tennessee[20]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No. %No. %No. %
2020 1,492 73.35% 526 25.86% 16 0.79%
2016 1,357 68.88% 577 29.29% 36 1.83%
2012 1,163 55.73% 884 42.36% 40 1.92%
2008 1,175 52.50% 1,024 45.76% 39 1.74%
2004 1,039 43.84% 1,317 55.57% 14 0.59%
2000 781 35.12% 1,419 63.80% 24 1.08%
1996 589 29.72% 1,273 64.23% 120 6.05%
1992 680 29.49% 1,449 62.84% 177 7.68%
1988 806 46.06% 935 53.43% 9 0.51%
1984 878 41.97% 1,191 56.93% 23 1.10%
1980 823 32.11% 1,718 67.03% 22 0.86%
1976 591 23.19% 1,933 75.83% 25 0.98%
1972 1,147 65.69% 536 30.70% 63 3.61%
1968 409 16.99% 737 30.61% 1,262 52.41%
1964 736 30.63% 1,667 69.37% 0 0.00%
1960 732 34.03% 1,346 62.58% 73 3.39%
1956 512 22.80% 1,673 74.49% 61 2.72%
1952 487 24.66% 1,475 74.68% 13 0.66%
1948 179 11.92% 833 55.46% 490 32.62%
1944 150 9.43% 1,440 90.57% 0 0.00%
1940 213 6.68% 2,962 92.94% 12 0.38%
1936 113 3.04% 3,604 96.88% 3 0.08%
1932 78 4.10% 1,824 95.90% 0 0.00%
1928 166 14.74% 960 85.26% 0 0.00%
1924 87 9.53% 817 89.49% 9 0.99%
1920 352 22.68% 1,192 76.80% 8 0.52%
1916 130 14.96% 727 83.66% 12 1.38%
1912 122 18.35% 499 75.04% 44 6.62%

See also

References
  1. Abigail Hyde, "Lake County," Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Retrieved: 21 October 2013.
  2. "2020 Census Data". data.census.gov.
  3. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  4. Tennessee Department of Correction (May 31, 2020). Tennessee Bed Space and Operating Capacities Report (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
  5. Grove, Uneasy Waters (2012, p. 7
  6. Bill Threlkeld, "Night Riders of Reelfoot Lake," Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Retrieved: 21 October 2013.
  7. Phillip Langsdon, Tennessee: A Political History (Franklin, Tenn.: Hillsboro Press, 2000), pp. 303–309.
  8. Lynching in America/ Supplement: Lynchings by County Archived 2018-06-27 at the Wayback Machine, Equal Justice Initiative, 2015, p. 6
  9. Jama McMurtery Grove, "Uneasy Waters: The Night Riders at Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee, 1908"], East Tennessee University, 2012; Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1496. http://dc.etsu.edu etd/1496
  10. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved April 7, 2015.
  11. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 7, 2015.
  12. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved April 7, 2015.
  13. Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 7, 2015.
  14. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved April 7, 2015.
  15. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved December 3, 2013.
  16. Based on 2000 census data
  17. "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 8, 2021.
  18. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  19. Lake County Banner website. Retrieved: 21 October 2013.
  20. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 11, 2018.
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36.34°N 89.49°W / 36.34; -89.49

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