Lion Air Flight 904

The Boeing 737-8GP, registration PK-LKS, was owned by leasing company Avolon. It was received new from Boeing by Lion Air's subsidiary Malindo Air less than two months before the accident, on February 21, 2013. It was then transferred to parent Lion Air in March. The aircraft had been in service for less than six weeks with Lion Air before the accident.[3] At the time of the accident, Lion Air had 16 other Boeing 737-800 in the fleet.

There were two pilots and 5 flight attendants with 101 passengers on board consisting of 95 adults, 5 children and 1 infant. 97 passengers were Indonesians, one French, one Belgian, and two Singaporeans. 6 of the crew were Indonesian while one came from India.[4]

The captain was 48-year-old Mahlup Ghazali, an Indonesian national who joined Lion Air in 2013 and had logged 15,000 hours of flight experience, including 6,173 hours on the Boeing 737.[5][6] The first officer was 24-year-old Chirag Kalra, an Indian national who had 1,200 flight hours, with 973 of them on the Boeing 737.[5][7]

The Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC) published a preliminary report on 15 May 2013. Flight data showed that the aircraft continued to descend below the Minimum descent altitude (MDA), which is 142 m (466 ft) AGL. The report found that at 270 m (890 ft) AGL, the first officer reported that the runway was not in sight. At approximately 46 m (151 ft) AGL, the pilot again stated he could not see the runway. Flight data showed that the pilots attempted to perform a go-around at approximately 6 m (20 ft) AGL, but contacted the water surface moments later. The captain's go around decision came far too late. The bare minimum altitude for a 737 go around is 15 m, as 9 m of altitude is lost when executing the manoeuvre.[8] There has been no indication that the aircraft suffered any mechanical malfunction.[9] A final report was published in 2014.[5]

In January 2017, Budi Waseso, the chief of Indonesia's national narcotics agency, said that the pilot of Lion Air Flight 904 was under the influence of drugs at the time of the accident, and had hallucinated that the sea was part of the runway. That claim is at odds with the statement made after the accident by Indonesia's transport ministry, which said the pilots had not tested positive for drugs.[10]

The NTSC concluded that the flight path became unstable below minimum descent altitude with the rate of descent exceeding 1000 feet per minute. Analysis of the pitch angle versus engine power based on the flight data recorder "indicated that the basic principle of jet aircraft flying was not adhered during manual flying."[5] The flight crew lost situational awareness and visual references as the aircraft entered a rain cloud during the final approach below minimum descent altitude. The Captain's go-around decision and execution was conducted at an altitude which was insufficient for it to be executed successfully. The pilots were not provided with timely and accurate weather information considering the weather around the airport and particularly on final approach was changing rapidly.[5]

• Air Niugini Flight 73 – A Boeing 737 that crashed in similar circumstances in 2018
• Japan Airlines Flight 2 – A DC-8 that crashed in San Francisco Bay in 1968
• Miami Air International Flight 293 – A Boeing 737 that crashed in a storm in 2019