UPS Airlines Flight 1354

UPS Airlines Flight 1354 (5X1354/UPS1354) was a scheduled cargo flight from Louisville, Kentucky, to Birmingham, Alabama. On August 14, 2013, the Airbus A300 flying the route crashed and burst into flames short of the runway on approach to Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport.[1][2] Both pilots were pronounced dead at the scene of the crash. They were the only people aboard the aircraft.[3] It was the second fatal air crash for UPS Airlines.[4][5]

UPS Airlines Flight 1354
The wreckage of N155UP at the crash site
Accident
Date14 August 2013 (2013-08-14)
SummaryControlled flight into terrain due to pilot error and pilot fatigue
SiteNorth of Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport, Alabama, United States
33°35′11.7″N 86°44′49″W
Aircraft
Aircraft typeAirbus A300F4-622R
OperatorUPS Airlines
IATA flight No.5X1354
ICAO flight No.UPS1354
Call signUPS 1354
RegistrationN155UP
Flight originLouisville International Airport, Kentucky, United States
DestinationBirmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport, Alabama, United States
Occupants2
Passengers0
Crew2
Fatalities2
Survivors0

Aircraft and crew
N155UP, the aircraft involved in the accident

The aircraft involved in the accident was a 10-year-old Airbus A300F4-622R, registered as N155UP. It was built in 2003; UPS took delivery of it in February 2004.[6] It was powered by Pratt & Whitney PW4000 engines. At the time of the accident, it had accumulated about 11,000 flight hours in 6,800 flight cycles (a flight cycle is one takeoff and landing).[7]: 19 [8]

The captain of Flight 1354 was 58-year old Cerea Beal, Jr.[9][10] Prior to being hired by UPS, Beal was employed by TWA as a flight engineer and then first officer on the Boeing 727. He was hired by UPS in October 1990 as a 727 flight engineer and became a 727 first officer in August 1994.[7]: 11  Twice, in 2000 and again in 2002, Beal began and then withdrew from training to upgrade to captain on the 727.[7]: 11 [11] He transitioned to the A300 as a first officer in 2004 and then as a captain in 2009. At the time of the accident, he had accumulated 6,406 flight hours at UPS; 3,265 of which were on the A300.[7]: 11 

The first officer was 37-year-old Shanda Fanning.[12] Fanning was hired by UPS in 2006 as a 727 flight engineer. She became a first officer on the Boeing 757 in 2007, then transitioned to the Boeing 747 in 2009. She began flying the A300 in June 2012. At the time of the accident, she had accumulated 4,721 total flight hours, including 403 hours on the A300.[7]: 15 

Accident

The aircraft was inbound on a scheduled flight at the time of the crash. Dark night visual flight rules prevailed at the airport, but variable instrument meteorological conditions with a variable ceiling were present north of the airport on the approach course.[13]

A notice to airmen in effect at the time of the accident indicated that runway 06/24, the longest runway available at the airport and the one with a precision approach, would be closed from 04:00 to 05:00 CDT. Because the flight's scheduled arrival time was 04:51, only the shorter runway 18 with a non precision approach was available to the crew. Forecasted weather at BHM indicated that the low ceilings upon arrival required an alternate airport, but the dispatcher did not discuss the low ceilings, the single-approach option to the airport, or the reopening of runway 06/24 about 05:00 with the flight crew. Further, during the flight, information about variable ceilings at the airport was not provided to the flight crew.[7]: 1, 34 

The aircraft crashed around 04:47 local time (CDT, 09:47 UTC) while making a localizer non precision approach to runway 18 at Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport. It clipped trees and struck ground three times uphill. The fuselage broke apart, with the nose coming to rest about 200 yards (600 ft; 180 m) away from the initial point of impact, and the rest of it about 80 yards (240 ft; 70 m) farther down towards the runway and about 0.6 miles (1 km) from its edge and catching fire. Both crew members died in the accident.[7]: 7–8 [2][14]

Investigation
NTSB investigators examine the wreckage at the crash site

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) launched an investigation and sent a 26-member go team to the crash site to collect perishable evidence. The cockpit voice recorder (CVR) and flight data recorder (FDR) were recovered on the following day and sent for analysis.[7]: 37 [15]

At their third media briefing on August 16, 2013, the NTSB reported that the crew had briefed the approach to runway 18 and were cleared to land by air traffic control two minutes prior to the end of the recording. At 16 seconds before the end of the recording, the aircraft's ground proximity warning system (GPWS) sounded two "sink rate" alerts, meaning that the aircraft was descending too rapidly. Three seconds later, Captain Beal reported having the runway in sight, which was confirmed by First Officer Fanning. The CVR recorded the sound of the first impact with trees 3 seconds after the pilots reported seeing the runway. A final "too low terrain" alert by the GPWS was then recorded, followed by the final sounds of impact.[7]: 8 [2][16]

To represent the country of manufacture, the French aviation accident investigation agency Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety (BEA), assisted by Airbus technical advisors, participated in the investigation.[17] Members of the FBI Evidence Response Team also assisted the NTSB.[18] The NTSB stated in late August that no mechanical anomalies had yet been uncovered, but that the complete investigation would take several months.[19]

On February 20, 2014, the NTSB held a public hearing in connection with its investigation. Excerpts from the CVR were presented, in which both the captain and first officer discussed their lack of sufficient sleep prior to the flight.[20]

On September 9, 2014, the NTSB announced that the probable cause of the accident was that the aircrew had made an unstabilized approach into Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport during which they failed to adequately monitor their altitude. The aircraft descended below the minimum descent altitude when the runway was not yet in sight, resulting in controlled flight into terrain about 3,300 feet (1,100 yd; 1,000 m) short of the runway threshold.[21] The NTSB also found that contributing factors in the accident were:

  1. the flight crew's failure to properly configure and verify the flight management computer for the profile approach
  2. the captain's failure to communicate his intentions to the first officer once it became apparent the vertical profile was not captured
  3. the flight crew's expectation that they would break out of cloud at 1,000 feet [300 m] above ground level [due to incomplete weather information]
  4. the first officer's failure to make the required minimums callouts
  5. the captain's performance deficiencies, likely due to factors including, but not limited to, fatigue, distraction, or confusion, consistent with performance deficiencies exhibited during training
  6. the first officer's fatigue due to acute sleep loss resulting from her ineffective off-duty time management[7][1][22][23]

Aftermath
NTSB hearing, September 2014

In 2014, the Independent Pilots Association filed suit against the FAA to end the cargo airplane exemption from the flight crew minimum rest requirements.[24] In 2016, the lawsuit was dismissed by a Washington, DC, court, which determined the FAA had acted reasonably by excluding cargo airlines from the rest requirement based on a cost vs benefits analysis.[25]

Bret Fanning, husband of First Officer Shanda Fanning, filed a lawsuit against Honeywell Aerospace in 2014, alleging that its GPWS installed on the A300 failed to alert the pilots that their aircraft was dangerously close to the ground.[26] Fanning claimed that the GPWS did not sound an alarm until one second after the aircraft began to clip the tops of trees;[26] however, the NTSB determined from the aircraft's FDR that the GPWS sounded a "sink rate" warning when the aircraft was 250 ft (76 m) above the ground, 8 seconds before the first impact with trees.[7]: 7 

UPS Airlines Flight 1354 was also covered in the 10th episode of season 21 on Mayday titled "Deadly Delivery".[27]

See also

References

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Transportation Safety Board.

  1. Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Airbus A300F4-622R N155UP Birmingham Airport, AL (BHM)". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
  2. Hradecky, Simon (August 16, 2013). "Crash: UPS A306 at Birmingham on Aug 14th 2013, touched down outside airport". The Aviation Herald. Retrieved August 17, 2013.
  3. Reeves, Jay (August 14, 2013). "UPS cargo plane crashes in Ala., killing two". The Boston Globe. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  4. Carter, Chelsea J.; Pearson, Michael; Mattingly, David (August 14, 2013). "NTSB: No distress call prior to UPS cargo plane crash in Alabama". CNN. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
  5. Gates, Verna (August 14, 2013). "Two killed in fiery Alabama crash of UPS cargo jet". Reuters. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
  6. Rabinowitz, Jason (August 14, 2013). "UPS Airbus A300 Crashes On Approach To Birmingham Airport". NYCAviation. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
  7. "Crash During a Nighttime Nonprecision Instrument Approach to Landing, UPS Flight 1354, Airbus A300-600, N155UP, Birmingham, Alabama, August 14, 2013" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. September 9, 2014. NTSB/AAR-14/02. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  8. "N155UP United Parcel Service (UPS) Airbus A300F4-622R - cn 841". Planespotters.net. Archived from the original on August 20, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
  9. Murphy, Adam (August 14, 2013). "Pilots identified in Birmingham UPS cargo plane crash". CBS46. Archived from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
  10. "UPDATE: Second UPS Pilot in Birmingham Plane Crash Identified". WHNT. August 14, 2013. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
  11. Pasztor, Andy (February 21, 2014). "NTSB Details Pilot Errors Before 2013 UPS Cargo Jet Crash". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
  12. Campbell, Kay (August 14, 2013). "UPS plane crash: Pilot Shanda Fanning remembered for energy, fearlessness (updated) (Life Stories)". AL.com. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
  13. "N155UP accident description". Plane Crash Map. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
  14. Roberson, Amber (August 14, 2013). "NTSB brings 26-member team to Birmingham to collect "perishable" evidence and information on crash". Alabama's 13. Archived from the original on October 2, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
  15. Roberson, Amber (August 15, 2013). "NTSB: Black boxes recovered, info tomorrow on whether data can be extracted". Alabama's 13. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
  16. Roberson, Amber (August 16, 2013). "NTSB: Data recovered from black boxes, new details about flight". Alabama's 13. Archived from the original on August 20, 2013. Retrieved August 17, 2013.
  17. "Flight UP1354 on 14 August 2013 A300-600, registered N155UP". bea.aero. Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety. August 14, 2013. Archived from the original on August 14, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
  18. Boxley, Mark (August 15, 2013). "UPS cargo jet crash probe enters second day". USA Today. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
  19. Howard, Courtney (August 21, 2013). "NTSB: UPS Flight 1354 investigation to span months, no mechanical anomalies with aircraft found so far". Avionics Intelligence. Retrieved August 23, 2013.
  20. Ahlers, Mike (February 20, 2014). "UPS pilots complained of fatigue before fatal crash". CNN. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
  21. Ahlers, Mike M. (September 9, 2014). "Feds blame pilots, but blast UPS, in Alabama crash". CNN. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
  22. "NTSB Finds Mismanagement of Approach to Airport and Failure to Go-Around Led to Crash of UPS Flight 1354" (Press release). National Transportation Safety Board. September 9, 2014.
  23. Wald, Matthew L. (September 9, 2014). "Lack of Sleep Is Ruled Factor in 2013 UPS Plane Crash". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
  24. "UPS Pilots Fight FAA Regulations After Fatigue Crash". www.aviationtoday.com. Avionics Today. August 14, 2014. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
  25. "DC Circ. Nixes Cargo Pilots' Challenge To FAA Fatigue Rule - Law360". www.law360.com. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
  26. "Husband of UPS pilot sues over deadly cargo jet crash". Tuscaloosa News. Associated Press. August 15, 2013. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
  27. UPS Airlines Flight 1354 at IMDb
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