List of ancient Egyptian royal consorts
This is a list of known royal consorts of ancient Egypt from c.3100 BC to 30 BC. Reign dates follow those included on the list of Pharaohs page. Some information is debatable and interpretations of available evidence can vary between Egyptologists.
Background
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The Pharaoh's wives played an important role both in public and private life, and would be a source of political and religious power.[1] Pharaohs usually had many different wives, so that a successor could be guaranteed to succeed him. If a queen succeeded in producing an heir that inherited the throne, she would reach a position of great honour as King's Mother and may be able to rule Egypt on behalf of her son as regent if he was underage.[1] While there are many known cases of kings marrying their sisters, there were also wives of non-royal birth, such as Tiye and Nefertiti.[2] Kings such as Amenhotep III and Ramesses II are known to have married some of their daughters, though it is possible these marriages were symbolic and ceremonial rather than incestuous.[3] Apart from the chief consort, the Pharaoh would have many wives in the harem, who could be foreign-born princesses or lower-ranking Egyptian women who had little impact on politics.[4]
While women did occasionally rule as Pharaohs, they generally did not rule while married except during the Ptolemaic period. Thus, male consorts never existed during the time of the native Egyptian royal dynasties, and only Berenice IV and Cleopatra VII are listed as having male consorts who did not rule as Pharaohs.
List of female rulers and co-rulers
Most Queens included on this page did not rule as Pharaohs. However, some did rule in their own right following the deaths of their husbands. Four Queens from the Native Egyptian dynasties are known for certain to have ruled as Female Pharaohs:
- Sobekneferu (c. 1806-1802 BC) (Possibly wife of Amenemhat IV)
- Hatshepsut (c. 1479-1458 BC) (Wife of Thutmose II)
- Neferneferuaten (c. 1334-1332 BC) (Wife of either Akhenaten or Smenkhare depending on her identity)
- Twosret (c. 1191-1189 BC) (Wife of Seti II)
There has also been some debate on whether certain Queen regents such as Neithotep, Merneith, Khentkaus I and Khentkaus II did rule as Female Pharaohs or not. However, there is yet to be any concrete evidence that they did. The legendary Queen Nitocris was supposedly a Pharaoh at the end of the Sixth Dynasty, but no archeological evidence supports her existence.
The Ptolemaic Dynasty implemented a policy of co-rule between spouses starting with Ptolemy II and Arsinoe II. Therefore, most Queens from this dynasty are not listed as consorts as they were co-rulers of Egypt while married to their husbands. The following is a list of Female rulers and co-rulers of the Ptolemaic Dynasty:
- Arsinoe II (c. 277-270 BC) ruled alongside her brother-husband Ptolemy II.
- Berenice II (c. 244-222 BC) ruled alongside her husband Ptolemy III.
- Arsinoe III (220-204 BC) ruled alongside her brother-husband Ptolemy IV.
- Cleopatra I (193-176 BC) ruled alongside her husband Ptolemy V and as a regent on behalf of her son Ptolemy VI.
- Cleopatra II (175-164, 163–127, 124-116 BC) ruled alongside her brother-husband Ptolemy VI, her younger brother (later husband) Ptolemy VIII, her son Ptolemy VII, her daughter Cleopatra III and briefly her grandson Ptolemy IX. She was the sole ruler of Egypt from 131 to 127 BC, the first woman to do so since Twosret over a millennia before.
- Cleopatra III (142-131, 127-101 BC) ruled alongside her uncle-husband Ptolemy VIII, her mother Cleopatra II, her eldest son Ptolemy IX, her daughter Cleopatra IV and her second eldest son Ptolemy X.
- Cleopatra IV (116-115 BC) briefly ruled alongside her brother-husband Ptolemy IX and mother Cleopatra III before being pushed out by her mother.
- Berenice III (101-88, 81-80 BC) ruled alongside her uncle-husband Ptolemy X, her father Ptolemy IX and her brother-husband Ptolemy XI. She briefly ruled by herself from 81 BC to 80 BC before she was murdered on the orders of Ptolemy XI.
- Cleopatra V (79-68 BC) ruled alongside her husband Ptolemy XII.
- Cleopatra VI (58-57 BC) ruled alongside her sister Berenice IV. However, some historians theorise she may actually be the same person as Cleopatra V.
- Berenice IV (58-55 BC) briefly ruled alongside her sister (or possibly mother) Cleopatra VI, but otherwise spent most of her reign as the sole ruler of Egypt.
- Cleopatra VII (51-30 BC) ruled alongside her father Ptolemy XII, her brother-husband Ptolemy XIII, her second brother-husband Ptolemy XIV and her son Ptolemy XV.
- Arsinoe IV (48-47 BC) ruled alongside her brother Ptolemy XIII in opposition to their sister Cleopatra VII.
List of regents
Occasionally when the new Pharaoh was too young to rule, his mother or step-mother would rule temporarily as a regent on his behalf. Because they did not hold the title of 'King' during their time in power, they are generally not included on Lists of Pharaohs. The following Queens are likely to have ruled as regents:
- Neithhotep possibly ruled on behalf of her son Hor-Aha (c. 3050)
- Merneith ruled on behalf of her son Den (c. 2970)
- Nimaathap possibly ruled on behalf of her son Djoser (c. 2670)
- Khentkaus I likely ruled as a regent, but her son or sons are unknown.
- Khentkaus II possibly ruled as a regent for one of her sons (Neferefre or Nyuserre Ini).
- Iput I possibly ruled as a regent for her son Pepi I (c. 2332)
- Ankhesenpepi II ruled as a regent for her son Pepi II (c. 2278)
- Ahhotep I ruled as a regent for her son Ahmose I (c. 1550)
- Ahmose-Nefertari ruled as a regent for her son Amenhotep I (c. 1541)
- Hatshepsut initially ruled as a regent for her step-son Thutmose III (c. 1479) before becoming Pharaoh and co-ruler.
- Mutemwiya ruled as a regent for her son Amenhotep III (c. 1388)
- Twosret ruled as a regent for her step-son Siptah (c. 1197)
Predynastic Period
Dynasty "Zero" (Before c. 3100 BC)
Picture | Name | Spouse | Father | Mother | Sons | Daughters | Burial Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ka-Neith | - | - | - | - | - | - | An inscription of the queen's name was found at el-Beda.[5] | |
Early Dynastic Period
First Dynasty (c. 3100–2890 BC)
Picture | Name | Spouse | Father | Mother | Sons | Daughters | Burial Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Neithhotep | Narmer[6] | Local Naqada Royalty(?)[6] | Hor-Aha[6] | - | Tomb of Neithhotep, Naqada[6] | Possibly ruled as regent for her son Hor-Aha.[7] | |
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Benerib | Hor-Aha[6] | - | - | - | - | Umm el-Qa'ab Tomb B14[8] | - |
Khenthap | - | - | Djer[6] | - | - | Only known from the Palermo Stone, no known contemporary sources mention her. | ||
Herneith | Djer[6][9][10] | - | - | Djet (?)[11] | - | Saqqara Tomb S3507(?)[6] | - | |
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Nakhtneith | - | - | - | - | Umm el-Qa'ab Tomb O Complex[9] | - | |
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Penebui | - | - | - | - | - | May have died due to decapitation[10] but this is disputed. | |
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Merneith | Djet[6] | Djer(?)[6] | - | Den[6] | - | Umm el-Qa'ab Tomb Y[6] | Ruled as Regent for her son Den.[12] |
Seshemetka | Den(?)[13] | - | - | - | - | - | May have been a wife of Djer.[14] | |
Semat | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Serethor | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Betrest | Anedjib(?)[9] | - | - | Semerkhet[13] | - | - | May have been a wife of Den.[15] | |
Second Dynasty (c. 2890–2686 BC)
Picture | Name | Spouse | Father | Mother | Sons | Daughters | Burial Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Menka | Unknown, Khasekhemwy (?)[16] | - | - | - | - | - | Attested by a basalt relief fragment similar in appearance to one attributed to Khasekhemwy.[16] |
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Nimaathap | Khasekhemwy[6] | - | - | Djoser[6] Sekhemkhet (?) Sanakht (?) |
- | Beit Khallaf (Tomb K1) (?)[6] | May have ruled as regent for her son Djoser.[17] |
Old Kingdom
Third Dynasty (c. 2686–2613 BC)
Picture | Name | Spouse | Father | Mother | Sons | Daughters | Burial Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Hetephernebti | Djoser[18] | Khasekhemwy (?)[19] | - | - | Inetkaes[19] | Saqqara (?)[18] | - |
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Djeseretnebti | Sekhemkhet (?)[20] | - | - | - | - | - | Her status as queen is a matter of debate due to lack of royal titles found beside the name.[20] |
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Djefatnebti | Huni (?)[21][22] | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Meresankh I | - | - | Sneferu[23] | Hetepheres I (?)[18] | - | - | ||
Fourth Dynasty (c. 2613–2494 BC)
Fifth Dynasty (c. 2494–2345 BC)
Picture | Name | Spouse | Father | Mother | Sons | Daughters | Burial Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Khentkaus I | Userkaf (?)[35][36] | Menkaure (?)[37] | - | Previously believed to have been mother of Sahure and Neferirkare Kakai,[35][36] but newer evidence contradicts this theory. | - | Pyramid of Khentkaus I | There has been much debate around this queen's identity. She may have ruled as regent for one or more of her sons.[38] Alternatively, her titles suggest that she may have ruled as Pharaoh in her own right, but this is disputed. She may have been in fact a wife of Shepseskaf or the ephemeral Thamphthis rather than Userkaf. She may even be the same person as Thampthis but this is not a widely accepted theory.[39] |
Neferhetepes | Userkaf[40] | - | - | Sahure[40] | Meretnebty(?)[41] | Pyramid complex of Queen Neferhetepes | - | |
Meretnebty | Sahure[42] | Userkaf | Neferhetepes (?)[41] | Neferirkare Kakai[43] Horemsaf (?)[36] Netjerirenre (?)[36] Khakare (?)[36] Nebankhre (?),[36] Shepseskare (?) |
- | - | Known in older studies as Neferethanebty[42] | |
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Khentkaus II | Neferirkare Kakai[35] | - | - | Neferefre[42] Nyuserre Ini[42] |
- | Pyramid of Khentkaus II | May have ruled as regent or as Pharaoh in her own right. |
Khentkaus III | Neferefre | Neferirkare Kakai | Khentkaus II[44] | Menkauhor Kaiu[45] or Shepseskare(?)[46] | - | Giza Tomb AC 30[47] | - | |
Reptynub | Nyuserre Ini[48] | - | - | Reputnebty (?)[49] Khentykauhor (?)[50] |
Khamerernebty[48] | - | - | |
Khuit I | Menkauhor Kaiu (?)[51][52] | - | - | - | - | Saqqara Mastaba D 14 | - | |
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Meresankh IV | - | - | Raemka (?)[53] Kaemtjenent (?)[53] Isesi-ankh (?)[54] |
- | Saqqara Tomb 82[53] | May have been a wife of Djedkare Isesi[55] | |
Setibhor [56] |
Djedkare Isesi[56] | - | - | - | - | Pyramid of Setibhor | - | |
Nebet | Unas[52] | - | - | Unas-ankh (?)[57] | Khentkaues (?)[57] Neferut (?)[57] Nefertkaues (?)[57] |
Double Mastaba north-east of Pyramid of Unas[53] | - | |
Khenut | - | - | - | Iput I (?) | - | |||
Nimaathap II [58] |
Unknown[58] | - | - | - | - | Mastaba in Giza[58] | - |
Sixth Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC)
Picture | Name | Spouse |
Father | Mother | Sons | Daughters | Burial Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Iput I | Teti[59][60] | Unas[59] | Nebet or Khenut (?)[59] | Pepi I[59] | - | Pyramid of Iput I | Possibly ruled as regent for her son Pepi I.[59] | |
Khuit II | - | - | Tetiankhkem[61] | - | Pyramid of Khuit | - | ||
Khentkaus IV [60] |
- | - | Userkare (?)[60] | - | - | - | ||
Naert [62] |
- | - | - | - | Tomb of Queen Naert | Funerary temple discovered in 2021.[63] | ||
Ankhesenpepi I | Pepi I[59] | Khui of Abydos [59] | Nebet[59] | Merenre Nemtyemsaf I[59] | Neith[59] | Saqqara[59] | - | |
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Ankhesenpepi II | 1) Pepi I[59] 2) Merenre Nemtyemsaf I[14] |
With Merenre I: Pepi II[14] |
- | Pyramid Complex of Pepi I[64][65] | Ruled as regent for her son Pepi II.[59] | ||
Nubwenet | Pepi I[64][66] | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Inenek-Inti | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Mehaa [65] |
- | - | Hornetjerkhet[65] | - | - | |||
Nedjeftet | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
'Weret-Yamtes' | - | - | - | - | - | The real name of this queen is unknown, 'Weret-Yamtes' is an alias meaning 'Great of Sceptre'.[67] She is mentioned on inscriptions found in the tomb of an official named Weni, which state that she conspired against the king but was punished when her plans were discovered.[68] | ||
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Benehu [69] |
Pepi I or Pepi II[69] | - | - | - | - | Pyramid in South Saqqara[69] | Burial discovered in 2010.[69] |
Neith | Pepi II[59][70][71] | Pepi I[59] | Ankhesenpepi I[59] | Merenre Nemtyemsaf II[59] | - | Pyramid Complex of Pepi II[59][70] | - | |
Iput II | - | - | - | - | ||||
Meritites IV | Pyramid Complex of Pepi I[71] | Was originally thought to be a consort of Pepi I, but later excavations proved she was the daughter of Pepi I, and the wife of Neferkare (Pepi II) | ||||||
Udjebten | - | - | - | - | Pyramid Complex of Pepi II[59][70] | - | ||
Ankhesenpepi III | Merenre Nemtyemsaf I[71] | - | - | - | Pyramid Complex of Pepi I[71] | - | ||
Ankhesenpepi IV | - | - | Neferkare II[65] | - | Mortuary chapel of Iput II[65] | - | ||
Nitocris | Merenre Nemtyemsaf II (according to Legend)[72] | Pepi II (according to Legend)[72] | Neith (according to Legend)[72] | - | - | - | According to writings by Herodotus and Manetho, she was a queen who came to rule Egypt following the murder of her brother/husband and plotted a revenge against his murderers by building a special chamber that would flood with water from the Nile while they dined there, afterwards she committed suicide by running into a burning room.[59] Egyptologists now however believe that she was likely fictional and that her name is a misreading of the male pharaoh Neitiqerty Siptah.[59] No archeological evidence exists to support her historicity. | |
First Intermediate Period
Early Eleventh Dynasty (c. 2130–2040 BC)
Picture | Name | Spouse | Father | Mother | Sons | Daughters | Burial Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neferu I | Mentuhotep I[73] | - | - | Intef I[74] Intef II[73] |
- | - | - | |
Neferukayet | Intef II[75] | Intef I[75] | - | Intef III[76] | - | - | - | |
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Iah | Intef III[77] | Intef II[77] | - | Mentuhotep II[77] | Neferu II[77] | - | - |
Henite [78] |
- | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Middle Kingdom
Eleventh Dynasty Continued (c. 2040–1991 BC)
Picture | Name | Spouse | Father | Mother | Sons | Daughters | Burial Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tem | Mentuhotep II[79][77] | - | - | Mentuhotep III[79] | - | Tomb DBXI.15, within the Mortuary Temple of Mentuhotep II.[79] | - | |
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Neferu II | Intef III[79] | Iah[79] | - | - | Tomb TT319[79] | - | |
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Ashayet | - | - | - | - | Tomb DBXI.17, within the Mortuary Temple of Mentuhotep II.[77] | - | |
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Henhenet | - | - | - | - | Tomb DBXI.11, within the Mortuary Temple of Mentuhotep II.[77] | Died in childbirth.[77] | |
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Sadeh | - | - | - | - | Tomb DBXI.7, within the Mortuary Temple of Mentuhotep II.[79] | - | |
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Kawit | - | - | - | - | Tomb DBXI.9, within the Mortuary Temple of Mentuhotep II.[77] | - | |
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Kemsit | - | - | - | - | Tomb TT308, within the Mortuary Temple of Mentuhotep II.[79] | - | |
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Imi [80] |
Mentuhotep III (?)[80] | - | - | Mentuhotep IV[80] | - | - | - |
Twelfth Dynasty (c. 1991–1802 BC)
Picture | Name | Spouse | Father | Mother | Sons | Daughters | Burial Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neferitatjenen | Amenemhat I[81] | - | - | Senusret I[81] | Neferu III[81] Neferusherit[81] (?) Kayet[81] (?) |
Pyramid Complex of Amenemhet I (?)[81] | - | |
Neferu III | Senusret I[81] | Amenemhat I | Neferitatjenen[81] | Amenemhat II[81] | - | Pyramid Complex of Senusret I or possibly in Dahshur[82] | - | |
Keminub | Amenemhat II (?)[83] | - | - | - | - | Funerary enclosure of Amenemhat II[83] | Previously believed to have been a wife of Amenemhet II, but evidence suggests that she may actually be a queen of the 13th Dynasty whose husband is unknown.[84] | |
Kaneferu [83] |
- | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Senet [85] |
- | - | - | - | - | - | ||
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Khenemetneferhedjet I | Senusret II[83][82] | Amenemhat II[83][82] | - | Senusret III[83] | - | Mortuary Complex of Senusret II[83] | - |
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Nofret II | - | - | - | - | |||
Itaweret | - | - | - | Funerary enclosure of Amenemhat II[83] | - | |||
Khenmet | - | - | - | - | ||||
Sithathoriunet | Senusret III[86][83][82] | Senusret II[86] | - | Amenemhat III (?)[81] | - | Pyramid Complex of Senusret II[86] | - | |
Khenemetneferhedjet II | - | - | - | - | Pyramid IX in the Dahshur Funerary Complex[83] | - | ||
Neferthenut | - | - | - | - | Tomb II in the Pyramid Complex of Senusret III[82] | - | ||
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Meretseger | - | - | - | - | - | Due to lack of contemporary sources relating to her, it is thought she may not have existed but was rather a creation of the New Kingdom.[87] | |
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Aat | Amenemhat III[83][88] | - | - | - | - | Dahshur Funerary Complex[83] | - |
Khenemetneferhedjet III | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Hetepti [83] |
Amenemhat III (?)[83] | - | - | Amenemhat IV[83] | - | - | Unknown if she was actually a wife of Amenemhat III, as she is not known to have held the title of "King's Wife".[89] | |
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Sobekneferu | Amenemhat IV[90] (according to Manetho) | Amenemhat III[90] | - | - | - | Northern Mazghuna pyramid (?) | First known woman to rule as Pharaoh in her own right (c. 1807-1802) for which there is archeological evidence. It is however unknown for certain if Amenemhat IV was her husband or if she was ever married to a reigning Pharaoh at all prior to her own rule. |
Second Intermediate Period
Thirteenth Dynasty (c. 1802–1649 BC)
Picture | Name | Spouse | Father | Mother | Sons | Daughters | Burial Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nofret (III) | Ameny Qemau (?) | - | - | - | Hatshepsut | - | This queen is only known from one stele which states that she was a "king's wife" and was the mother of "king's daughter" Hatshepsut. However, it is unknown which king she was married to.[91] In 2017, a pyramid was discovered containing a canopic box naming "king's daughter" Hatshepsut and a stone slab with the name of king Ameny Qemau.[92] It is however unknown if these two king's daughters are one and the same. | |
Nubhetepti | Hor (?)[93] | - | - | - | - | - | She held the title of "King's Mother", but it is unknown which king she was the mother of.[93] | |
Seneb[henas] I [93] |
Khendjer (?) | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
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Senebhenas II | Sobekhotep III[94][93] | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Neni | - | - | - | Iuhetibu Fendy Dedetanqet (or Dedetanuq).[93] |
- | - | ||
Senebsen | Neferhotep I[94] | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Tjan | Sobekhotep IV[94] | - | - | Amenhotep[95] | Nebetiunet[96] | - | - | |
Nubhotepti [97] |
Sobekhotep VI (?) | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
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Ineni | Merneferre Ay (?)[95] | - | - | - | - | - | One of the first queens to have her name written in a cartouche. |
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Nubkhaes (I) | Unknown | - | - | - | - | - | Either a wife of Sobekhotep V, Sobekhotep VI or Wahibre Ibiau.[93] |
Aya | Unknown | - | - | - | - | - | Either a wife of Sehetepkare Intef,[96] Imyremeshaw[96] or Sobekhotep II.[98] | |
Abetni | Unknown | - | - | - | - | - | Married to an unknown king.[99] | |
Ahhotepi [100] |
Unknown | - | - | - | - | - | Possibly married to a king who reigned between Hor and Khendjer.[100] | |
Wadjet [100] |
Unknown | - | - | - | - | - | Possibly married to a king who reigned between Hor and Khendjer.[100] | |
Ankhmari [100] |
Unknown | - | - | - | - | - | Possibly married to a king who reigned after Merneferre Ay.[100] | |
Nehyt [100] |
Unknown | - | - | - | - | - | Possibly married to a king who reigned after Merneferre Ay.[100] | |
Nubhetepi II [100] |
Unknown | - | - | - | - | - | Possibly married to a king who reigned after Merneferre Ay.[100] | |
Resunefer [100] |
Unknown | - | - | - | - | - | Possibly married to a king who reigned after Merneferre Ay.[100] | |
Sithathor [100] |
Unknown | - | - | - | - | - | Possibly married to a king who reigned after Merneferre Ay.[100] | |
Sitsobk [100] |
Unknown | - | - | - | - | - | Possibly married to a king who reigned after Merneferre Ay.[100] | |
Fourteenth Dynasty (c. 1725–1650 BC)
Picture | Name | Spouse | Father | Mother | Sons | Daughters | Burial Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tati | Sheshi[101] | Kushite Rulers of Kerma[102] | Nehesy[103] | - | - | Newer evidence suggests that Nehesy may not have actually been Tati's son.[104] | ||
Fifteenth Dynasty (c. 1649–1550 BC)
Picture | Name | Spouse | Father | Mother | Sons | Daughters | Burial Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tani [105] |
Apepi (?)[105] | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Sixteenth Dynasty (c. 1650–1582 BC)
Picture | Name | Spouse | Father | Mother | Sons | Daughters | Burial Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mentuhotep | Djehuti[106] | Vizier Senebhenaf[106] | Sobekhotep[106] | - | - | Dra' Abu el-Naga' | - | |
Sitmut [107] |
Mentuhotep VI (?)[107] | - | - | - | Herunefer[107] | - | - | |
Seventeenth Dynasty (c. 1582–1550 BC)
New Kingdom
Eighteenth Dynasty (c. 1550–1292 BC)
Nineteenth Dynasty (c. 1292–1189 BC)
Twentieth Dynasty (c. 1189–1077 BC)
Picture | Name | Spouse | Father | Mother | Sons | Daughters | Burial Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Tiy-Merenese | Setnakhte[162] | - | - | Ramesses III[162] | - | - | - |
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Iset Ta-Hemdjert | Ramesses III[162][163][164] | - | Hemdjert[162] | Ramesses VI[162] | - | QV51[162] | - |
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Tyti | Setnakhte (?) | - | Ramesses IV[163] Khaemwaset[149] Amun-her-khepeshef[149] Ramesses-Meryamen (?)[149] |
- | QV52[164] | Previously believed to have been a wife of Ramesses X.[164] | |
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Tiye (II) | - | - | Pentawer[164] | - | - | Instigated a harem conspiracy against her husband. Her ultimate fate is unknown.[164] | |
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Duatentopet | Ramesses IV[165] | Ramesses III[166] | - | Ramesses V[166] | - | QV74[165] | - |
Henutwati | Ramesses V[166] | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Tawerettenru | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Nubkhesbed | Ramesses VI[166] | - | - | Ramesses VII[166] Amenherkhepshef[166] Panebenkemyt[166] |
Iset[166] | - | - | |
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Baketwernel | Ramesses IX[165] | - | - | - | - | KV10[165] | - |
Tentamun (I) | Ramesses XI[166] | Nebseny[166] | - | - | Duathathor-Henuttawy[167] Tentamun[167] (?) |
- | - | |
Third Intermediate Period
Twenty-first Dynasty (c. 1077–943 BC)
Picture | Name | Spouse | Father | Mother | Sons | Daughters | Burial Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tentamun (II) | Smendes[168] | Ramesses XI[167] | Tentamun (?)[167] | - | - | - | - | |
Mutnedjmet (II) | Psusennes I[168][169] | Pinedjem I[168] | Duathathor-Henuttawy[168] | Amenemope (?) | - | NRT III, Tanis[168] | - | |
Wiay [169] |
- | - | - | Isetemkheb[169] | - | - | ||
Karimala | Siamun or Psusennes II[170] | Osorkon the Elder[170] | - | - | - | - | - | |
Wives of the High Priests of Amun (c. 1080–943 BC)
While they were not officially pharaohs, the High Priests of Amun at Thebes were the de facto rulers of Upper Egypt during the Twenty-first dynasty, writing their names in cartouches and being buried in royal tombs. Their wives would have held a similar status to most other queens.
Twenty-second Dynasty (c. 943–720 BC)
Picture | Name | Spouse | Father | Mother | Sons | Daughters | Burial Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Karomama (I) | Shoshenq I[169] | - | - | Osorkon I[169] | - | - | - |
Patareshnes | - | - | Nimlot[169] | - | - | - | ||
Maatkare | Osorkon I[169][179] | Psusennes II[169] | - | Shoshenq[180] | - | - | - | |
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Tashedkhonsu | - | - | Takelot I[169] | - | - | - | |
Shepensopdet [179] |
- | - | Osorkon[179] | - | - | - | ||
Nesitaudjatakhet | Shoshenq II[179] | - | - | Osorkon[179] | - | - | - | |
Nesitanebetashru | - | - | Harsiese[179] | - | - | - | ||
![]() |
Kapes | Takelot I[169] | - | - | Osorkon II[169] | - | - | - |
![]() |
Karomama (II) | Osorkon II[181] | Takelot I[181] | - | Shoshenq[181] Hornakht[181] |
Tashakheper[181] Karomama[181] [Ta?]iirmer[181] |
- | Known as Karomama I. |
Isetemkheb [181] |
- | - | - | Tjesbastperu[181] | - | - | ||
![]() |
Djedmutesankh [181] |
- | - | Nimlot[181] | - | - | - | |
Djedbastiusankh [182] |
Shoshenq III[182] | - | - | Takelot[182] | - | - | - | |
Tadibast II [182] |
- | - | Bakennefi[182] | - | - | - | ||
Tentamenopet [182] |
- | - | - | Ankhenesshoshenq[182] | - | - | ||
Tjesbastperu [183] |
Osorkon II[183] | - | - | - | - | - | ||
![]() |
Tadibast III | Shoshenq V (?)[184] | - | - | Osorkon IV[180] | - | - | - |
Twenty-third Dynasty (c. 837–720 BC)
Picture | Name | Spouse | Father | Mother | Sons | Daughters | Burial Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Karomama (III) | Takelot II[185][186] | Nimlot[185] (High Priest of Amun) | Tentsepeh[181] | Osorkon III[187] | - | Thebes? | Granddaughter of Osorkon II. Known as Karomama II. | |
Tashep | - | - | Nimlot[186] | - | - | - | ||
Tabeketenasket | - | - | - | Isetweret[186] | - | - | ||
Tentsai | Osorkon III[186] | - | - | Takelot III[186] | - | - | - | |
Karoadjet | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Irtiubast | Takelot III[185] | Osorkon III (?)[185] | - | Osorkon[185] | - | - | - | |
Kakat | - | - | - | Irbastwedjanefu[188] | - | - | ||
Betjet |
- | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Twenty-fourth Dynasty (c. 732–720 BC)
No known Queens from this dynasty.
Twenty-fifth Dynasty (Nubian Dynasty) (c. 760–656 BC)
Late Period
Twenty-sixth Dynasty (Saite Dynasty) (672–525 BC)
Picture | Name | Spouse | Father | Mother | Sons | Daughters | Burial Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Istemabet [197] |
Necho I | - | - | Psamtik I | - | - | - | |
Mehytenweskhet | Psamtik I[198] | Harsiese[198] (High Priest of Re) |
- | Necho II[198] | Nitocris I[198] Meryetneith[198] |
Medinet Habu[198] | - | |
![]() |
Khedebneithirbinet I | Necho II[198] | - | - | Psamtik II[198] | - | Sebennytos (?)[198] | - |
Takhuit | Psamtik II[199] | - | - | Apries[199] | Ankhnesneferibre[199] | Athribis[199] | - | |
Tentkheta | Amasis II[200] | Padineith (Priest of Ptah) |
- | Khnum-ib-Re[14] Psamtik III[200] |
- | - | - | |
Nakhtubasterau | - | - | Pasenenkhonsu[200] Ahmose[200] |
- | Giza Tomb LG83[200] | - | ||
Ladice | Battus III of Cyrene | Pheretima | - | - | - | Married the Pharaoh some time after 548 BC and returned to Cyrene in 525 BC. | ||
Khetbeneiterboni II [201] |
Apries[201] | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Tadiasir [200] |
- | - | - | Tashereniset[200] | - | - | ||
Twenty-seventh Dynasty (First Persian Dynasty) (525–404 BC)
The Persian kings of Egypt generally ruled the country from afar and thus their wives played little to no part in Egyptian life and culture.[202] As stated by Egyptologist Joyce Tyldesley, "to all intents and purposes, Egypt was without a queen throughout the 27th and 31st Dynasties".[202]
Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Dynasties (404–380 BC)
No known Queens from these dynasties.
Thirtieth Dynasty (380–343 BC)
Picture | Name | Spouse | Father | Mother | Sons | Daughters | Burial Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Khedebneithirbinet II [206] |
Nectanebo II[206] | Teos[206] | - | - | - | - | - | |
Thirty-first Dynasty (Second Persian Dynasty) (343–332 BC)
Picture | Name | Spouse | Father | Mother | Sons | Daughters | Burial Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atossa [207] |
Artaxerxes III[203] | - | - | Arses[203] | - | - | - | |
![]() |
Stateira I | Darius III[203] | - | - | Ariobarzanes[203] | Stateira II,[203] Drypetis[203] |
- | - |
Hellenistic Period
Argead Dynasty (332–309 BC)
Picture | Name | Spouse | Father | Mother | Sons | Daughters | Burial Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Roxana | Alexander the Great[208] | Oxyartes of Bactria[208] | - | Alexander IV[208] | - | - | Married Alexander in 327 BC. |
![]() |
Stateira II | Darius III[203] | Stateira I[203] | - | - | - | Married Alexander in 324 BC. | |
Parysatis II | Artaxerxes III[203] | - | - | - | - | |||
Eurydice II of Macedon | Philip III[208] | Amyntas IV[208] | Cynna[208] | - | - | - | - | |
Ptolemaic Dynasty (305–30 BC)
Most Queens of this dynasty starting with Arsinoe II held power as co-rulers with their husbands. Below is a list of consorts who are not known to have held power as co-rulers.
Picture | Name | Spouse | Father | Mother | Sons | Daughters | Burial Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eurydice | Ptolemy I[209] | Antipater[209] | - | Ptolemy Keraunos,[209] Meleager,[209] Agathocles (?),[209] Argeus (?)[209] |
Ptolemais,[209] Lysandra[209] | - | ||
![]() |
Berenice I | Magas of Macedon[209] | Antigone of Macedon[209] | Ptolemy II[209] | Arsinoe II,[209] Philotera[209] | - | - | |
![]() |
Arsinoe I | Ptolemy II[209] | Lysimachus[209] | Nicaea of Macedon | Ptolemy III,[209] Lysimachus[209] |
Berenice[209] | - | Exiled to Coptos by Ptolemy II. |
![]() |
Cleopatra Selene | 1) Ptolemy IX[210] 2) Ptolemy X[210] |
Ptolemy VIII[210] | Cleopatra III[210] | - | - | - | Unlike most Queens of this period, she was not made co-ruler due to the influence of her mother Cleopatra III. After Ptolemy IX was driven out of Egypt by his mother in 107 BC, Cleopatra Selene married her brother Ptolemy X. In 102 BC, she was forced by her mother to divorce Ptolemy X and marry Antiochus VIII of the Seleucid Empire to seal an alliance. She is sometimes named Cleopatra V due to the general confusion over the numbering of the queens named Cleopatra.[210] |
Seleucus VII Philometor | Berenice IV | Antiochus X Eusebes[211] | Cleopatra Selene[211] | - | - | - | Murdered on the orders of Berenice IV after a few days of marriage.[211] While he was technically a co-regent with Berenice, he is usually not included on Lists of Pharaohs. | |
Archelaus [212] |
Archelaus[212] (General) | - | - | - | - | While there is a possibility he was a co-regent,[212] there is no confirmed proof of this. | ||
![]() |
Mark Antony | Cleopatra VII[213] | Marcus Antonius Creticus | Julia | Alexander Helios,[213] Ptolemy Philadelphus[213] |
Cleopatra Selene II[213] | - | - |
See also
- Great Royal Wife
- God's Wife of Amun
- List of pharaohs
- List of Roman and Byzantine empresses – Consorts of the Roman and Byzantine emperors who ruled Egypt from 30 B.C. to 642.
- List of consorts of the Muhammad Ali dynasty – Egyptian royal consorts from 1805 to 1953.
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Further reading
- Dodson, Aidan; Hilton, Dyan (2010). The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. United Kingdom: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-28857-3.
- Tyldesley, Joyce (2006). Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt. United Kingdom: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05145-3.