List of platyrrhines

Platyrrhini is a parvorder of primates. Members of this parvorder are called platyrrhines, or New World monkeys, and include marmosets, tamarins, and capuchin, squirrel, night, titi, saki, howler, spider, and woolly monkeys. Platyrrhini is one of three clades that form the suborder Haplorrhini, itself one of two suborders in the order Primates. They are found in South and Central America in forests and savannas. Platyrrhines primarily eat fruit, leaves, and insects. Most platyrrhines do not have population estimates, but the ones that do range from 250 mature individuals to 10,000. Twenty-one species are categorized as endangered, and a further fourteen species are categorized as critically endangered.

Brown and white monkey
Brown spider monkey (Ateles hybridus)

The 160 extant species of Platyrrhini are divided into five families: Aotidae, containing eleven night monkey species in a single genus; Atelidae, containing twenty-three species divided between one genus in the howler monkey subfamily Alouattinae and three genera in the spider monkey and wooly monkey subfamily Atelinae; Callitrichidae, containing 53 species of tamarins and marmosets in seven genera; Cebidae, containing eighteen species divided between two genera in the capuchin subfamily Cebinae and one genus in the squirrel monkey subfamily Saimiriinae; and Pitheciidae, containing 54 species divided between three genera in the titi monkey subfamily Callicebinae and three genera in the uakari and saki monkey subfamily Pitheciinae. Dozens of extinct prehistoric platyrrhine species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.[1]

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (0 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically Endangered (14 species)
 EN Endangered (21 species)
 VU Vulnerable (32 species)
 NT Near threatened (14 species)
 LC Least concern (72 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (7 species)
 NE Not evaluated (0 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the platyrrhine's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.

Classification

The parvorder Platyrrhini consists of five extant families: Aotidae, Atelidae, Callitrichidae, Cebidae, and Pitheciidae. Aotidae contains eleven species in one genus. Atelidae is divided into two subfamilies: Alouattinae, containing twelve species in one genus, and Atelinae, containing eleven species in three genera. Callitrichidae contains 53 species in seven genera. Cebidae is divided into two subfamilies: Cebinae, containing eleven species in two genera, and Saimiriinae, containing one genus of seven species. Pitheciidae is divided into two subfamilies: Callicebinae, containing 32 species in three genera, and Pitheciinae, containing 22 species in three genera.

Family Aotidae

  • Genus Aotus (night monkeys): eleven species

Family Atelidae

Family Callitrichidae

  • Genus Callimico (Goeldi's marmoset): one species
  • Genus Callithrix (Atlantic Forest marmosets): six species
  • Genus Cebuella (pygmy marmosets): two species
  • Genus Leontocebus (saddle-back tamarins): seven species
  • Genus Leontopithecus (lion tamarins): four species
  • Genus Mico (marmosets): sixteen species
  • Genus Saguinus (tamarins): seventeen species

Family Cebidae

  • Subfamily Cebinae
    • Genus Cebus (gracile capuchin monkeys): four species
    • Genus Sapajus (robust capuchin monkeys): seven species
  • Subfamily Saimiriinae
    • Genus Saimiri (squirrel monkeys): seven species

Family Pitheciidae

Platyrrhini[2]  
  
Pitheciidae  
Callicebinae  

Plecturocebus

Callicebus

Cheracebus

Pitheciinae  

Cacajao

Chiropotes

Pithecia

  
Atelidae  
Alouattinae  

Alouatta

Atelinae  

Ateles

Brachyteles

Lagothrix

  
Cebidae  
Cebinae  

Cebus

Sapajus

Saimirinae  

Saimiri

Callitrichidae  

Cebuella

Mico

Callithrix

Callimico

Leontopithecus

Leontocebus

Saguinus

Aotidae  

Aotus

Platyrrhines

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.[3]

Family Aotidae

Genus AotusIlliger, 1811 – eleven species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Azara's night monkey

Brown monkey

A. azarae
(Humboldt, 1811)

Three subspecies
  • A. a. azarae
  • A. a. boliviensis (Bolivian night monkey)
  • A. a. infulatus (Feline night monkey)
Central and northeastern South America
Map of range
Size: 24–37 cm (9–15 in) long, plus 31–40 cm (12–16 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[5]

Diet: Fruit, as well as nectar, flowers, insects, and other small animals[5]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[5]

Black-headed night monkey

Gray monkey

A. nigriceps
(Dollman, 1909)
Central South America
Map of range
Size: 24–37 cm (9–15 in) long, plus 30–39 cm (12–15 in) tail[6]

Habitat: Forest[7]

Diet: Fruit, insects, fruits, leaves, and flowers[7]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[7]

Brumback's night monkey A. brumbacki
Hershkovitz, 1983
Northwestern South America
Map of range
Size: 24–37 cm (9–15 in) long, plus 31–40 cm (12–16 in) tail[8]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[9]

Diet: Fruit, as well as nectar, flowers, insects, and other small animals[9]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[9]

Gray-bellied night monkey

Gray monkeys

A. lemurinus
I. Geoffroy, 1846
Northwestern South America
Map of range
Size: 30–32 cm (12–13 in) long, plus 34–35 cm (13–14 in) tail[10]

Habitat: Forest[11]

Diet: Fruit, nectar, leaves, and insects, as well as small birds and mammals[12]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[11]

Gray-handed night monkey

Gray monkey

A. griseimembra
Elliot, 1912
Northwestern South America
Map of range
Size: =24–37 cm (9–15 in) long, plus 31–40 cm (12–16 in) tail[8]

Habitat: Forest[13]

Diet: Fruit, as well as nectar, flowers, insects, and other small animals[13]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[13]

Hernández-Camacho's night monkey A. jorgehernandezi
Defler & Bueno, 2007
Western Colombia
Map of range
Size: =24–37 cm (9–15 in) long, plus 31–40 cm (12–16 in) tail[8]

Habitat: Forest[14]

Diet: Fruit, as well as nectar, flowers, insects, and other small animals[14]
 DD 


Unknown Unknown[14]

Nancy Ma's night monkey

Brown monkey

A. nancymaae
Hershkovitz, 1983
Northwestern South America
Map of range
Size: About 32 cm (13 in) long, plus about 32 cm (13 in) tail[15]

Habitat: Forest[16]

Diet: Fruit, nectar, and insects[17]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[16]

Panamanian night monkey

Brown monke

A. zonalis
Goldman, 1914
Northwestern South America and Central America
Map of range
Size: 30–33 cm (12–13 in) long, plus about 30 cm (12 in) tail[18]

Habitat: Forest[19]

Diet: Fruit, nectar, flowers, insects, and other small animals[19]
 NT 


Unknown Unknown[19]

Peruvian night monkey

Brown monkeys

A. miconax
Thomas, 1927
Northwestern South America
Map of range
Size: =24–37 cm (9–15 in) long, plus 31–40 cm (12–16 in) tail[8]

Habitat: Forest[20]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, leaves, buds, and insects[20]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[20]

Spix's night monkey

Gray monkeys

A. vociferans
(Spix, 1823)
Northwestern South America
Map of range
Size: 24–37 cm (9–15 in) long, plus 32–40 cm (13–16 in) tail[21]

Habitat: Forest[22]

Diet: Fruit, nectar, flowers, insects, and other small animals[22]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[22]

Three-striped night monkey

Brown monkey

A. trivirgatus
(Humboldt, 1811)
Northern South America
Map of range
Size: 24–47 cm (9–19 in) long, plus 22–42 cm (9–17 in) tail[23]

Habitat: Forest[24]

Diet: Fruit, insects, nectar and leaves, as well as lizards, frogs and eggs[23]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[24]

Family Atelidae

Subfamily Alouattinae

Genus AlouattaLacépède, 1799 – twelve species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Amazon black howler A. nigerrima
Lönnberg, 1941
Central South America
Map of range
Size: 56–91 cm (22–36 in) long, plus 56–91 cm (22–36 in) tail[25]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[26]

Diet: Leaves, fruit, buds, flowers, seeds, moss, stems, and termite nests[26]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[26]

Black howler

Black monkey

A. caraya
(Humboldt, 1812)
Central South America
Map of range
Size: 51–67 cm (20–26 in) long, plus 51–67 cm (20–26 in) tail[27]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[28]

Diet: Leaves, as well as fruit, buds and flowers[27]
 NT 


Unknown Population declining[28]

Bolivian red howler

Red monkey

A. sara
Elliot, 1910
Central South America
Map of range
Size: 54–71 cm (21–28 in) long, plus 52–60 cm (20–24 in) tail[29]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[30]

Diet: Leaves, fruit, buds, flowers, seeds, moss, stems, and termite nests[30]
 NT 


Unknown Population declining[30]

Brown howler

Brown monkey

A. guariba
(Humboldt, 1812)

Two subspecies
East South America
Map of range
Size: 55–92 cm (22–36 in) long, plus 58–92 cm (23–36 in) tail[31]

Habitat: Forest[32]

Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit[33]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[32]

Colombian red howler

Red monkey

A. seniculus
(Linnaeus, 1766)

Two subspecies
Northwestern South America
Map of range
Size: 48–63 cm (19–25 in) long, plus 52–80 cm (20–31 in) tail[34]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[35]

Diet: Leaves, fruit, buds, flowers, seeds, moss, stems, and termite nests[36]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[35]

Guyanan red howler

A. macconnelli
Linnaeus, 1766
Northern South America
Map of range
Size: 55–92 cm (22–36 in) long, plus 58–92 cm (23–36 in) tail[31]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[37]

Diet: Leaves, fruit, buds, flowers, seeds, moss, stems, and termite nests[37]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[37]

Mantled howler

Brown monkey

A. palliata
(Gray, 1849)

Five subspecies
Northwestern South America, Central America, and southern Mexico
Map of range
Size: 38–58 cm (15–23 in) long, plus 52–67 cm (20–26 in) tail[38]

Habitat: Forest[39]

Diet: Leaves, fruit, and flowers[38]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[39]

Maranhão red-handed howler A. ululata
Elliot, 1912
Northeastern Brazil
Map of range
Size: 55–92 cm (22–36 in) long, plus 58–92 cm (23–36 in) tail[31]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[40]

Diet: Fruit and leaves[40]
 EN 


250–2,500 Population declining[40]

Red-handed howler

Black monkey

A. belzebul
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Northeastern and eastern Brazil
Map of range
Size: 40–65 cm (16–26 in) long, plus 58–10 cm (23–4 in) tail[41]

Habitat: Forest[42]

Diet: Leaves, bark, and twigs, as well as flowers[41]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[42]

Spix's red-handed howler

Black monkey

A. discolor
(Spix, 1823)
Central Brazil
Map of range
Size: 55–92 cm (22–36 in) long, plus 58–92 cm (23–36 in) tail[31]

Habitat: Forest[43]

Diet: Fruit and leaves, as well as flowers, bark, decaying wood, termite nests, and twigs[43]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[43]

Ursine howler

Brown monkey

A. arctoidea
A. Cabrera, 1940
Northern South America
Map of range
Size: 55–92 cm (22–36 in) long, plus 58–92 cm (23–36 in) tail[31]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[44]

Diet: Leaves and fruit, as well as buds, flowers, seeds, moss, stems, and termite nests[44]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[44]

Yucatán black howler

Black monkey

A. pigra
Lawrence, 1933
Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico and Central America
Map of range
Size: 52–71 cm (20–28 in) long, plus 50–69 cm (20–27 in) tail[34]

Habitat: Forest[45]

Diet: Fruit, leaves, buds, and flowers[46]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[45]

Subfamily Atelinae

Genus AtelesGeoffroy, 1806 – seven species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Black-headed spider monkey

Black monkey

A. fusciceps
Gray, 1866

Two subspecies
Northwestern South America (in red)
Map of range
Size: 40–55 cm (16–22 in) long, plus 70–85 cm (28–33 in) tail[47]

Habitat: Forest[48]

Diet: Fruit, leaves, nuts, seeds, and insects, as well as eggs[47]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[48]

Brown spider monkey

Brown monkey

A. hybridus
I. Geoffroy, 1829
Northwestern South America
Map of range
Size: 45–50 cm (18–20 in) long, plus 74–81 cm (29–32 in) tail[49]

Habitat: Forest[50]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, seeds, bark, honey, decaying wood, termites, and caterpillars[51]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[50]

Geoffroy's spider monkey

Black monkey

A. geoffroyi
Kuhl, 1820

Six subspecies
Central America and southern Mexico (in blue)
Map of range
Size: 30–63 cm (12–25 in) long, plus 63–84 cm (25–33 in) tail[52]

Habitat: Forest[53]

Diet: Fruit, leaves, and flowers, as well as nuts, seeds, insects, arachnids, and eggs[52]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[53]

Peruvian spider monkey

Brown monkey

A. chamek
(Humboldt, 1812)
Central South America
Map of range
Size: 40–60 cm (16–24 in) long, plus 70–88 cm (28–35 in) tail[49]

Habitat: Forest[54]

Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, insects, and leaves[55]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[54]

Red-faced spider monkey

Black monkey

A. paniscus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Northern South America
Map of range
Size: 38–63 cm (15–25 in) long, plus 50–89 cm (20–35 in) tail[56]

Habitat: Forest[57]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, seeds, roots, and fungi[58]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[57]

White-bellied spider monkey

Brown monkey

A. belzebuth
Geoffroy, 1806
Northwestern South America
Map of range
Size: 34–59 cm (13–23 in) long, plus 61–88 cm (24–35 in) tail[59]

Habitat: Forest[60]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, seeds, roots, decaying wood, honey, and insects[60]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[60]

White-cheeked spider monkey

Black monkey

A. marginatus
Geoffroy, 1809
North-central South America
Map of range
Size: 38–63 cm (15–25 in) long, plus 50–89 cm (20–35 in) tail[56]

Habitat: Forest[61]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, seeds, roots, decaying wood, honey, and insects[61]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[61]

Genus BrachytelesGeoffroy, 1806 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Northern muriqui

Brown monkey

B. hypoxanthus
(Kuhl, 1820)
Southeastern Brazil
Map of range
Size: 46–50 cm (18–20 in) long, plus 72–81 cm (28–32 in) tail[62]

Habitat: Forest[63]

Diet: Leaves, fruit, vines, flowers, bark, nectar, and seeds[62]
 CR 


1,000 Population declining[63]

Southern muriqui

Brown monkey

B. arachnoides
(Geoffroy, 1806)
Southeastern Brazil
Map of range
Size: 46–50 cm (18–20 in) long, plus 72–81 cm (28–32 in) tail[62]

Habitat: Forest[64]

Diet: Fruit, leaves, flowers, and seeds[65]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[64]

Genus LagothrixGeoffroy, 1812 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Common woolly monkey

Gray monkey

L. lagotricha
(Humboldt, 1812)

Five subspecies
Northwestern South America
Map of range
Size: 55–69 cm (22–27 in) long, plus 60–72 cm (24–28 in) tail[66]

Habitat: Forest, savanna[67]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, seeds, and insects[66]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[67]

Yellow-tailed woolly monkey

Brown monkey

L. flavicauda
Humboldt, 1812
Western South America Size: 44–53 cm (17–21 in) long, plus 60–65 cm (24–26 in) tail[68]

Habitat: Forest[69]

Diet: Fruit, leaves, insects, moss, buds, and flowers[69]
 CR 


1,000–10,000 Population declining[69]

Family Callitrichidae

Genus CallimicoMiranda-Ribeiro, 1922 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Goeldi's marmoset

Black monkey

C. goeldii
Thomas, 1904
Western South America
Map of range
Size: 21–23 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 25–33 cm (10–13 in) tail[70]

Habitat: Forest[71]

Diet: Fruit, insects, and fungi, as well as lizards, frogs, and other small vertebrates[70]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[71]

Genus CallithrixErxleben, 1777 – six species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Black-tufted marmoset

Brown monkey

C. penicillata
(Geoffroy, 1812)
Eastern South America
Map of range
Size: 22–28 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 44–56 cm (17–22 in) tail[72]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[73]

Diet: Tree sap, as well as fruit, insects, arthropods, molluscs, and small vertebrates[74]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[73]

Buffy-headed marmoset

Brown monkey

C. flaviceps
(Thomas, 1903)
Eastern South America
Map of range
Size: 18–30 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 17–41 cm (7–16 in) tail[75]

Habitat: Forest[76]

Diet: Plant gum, as well as fruit, seeds, nectar, and flowers[75]
 CR 


2,000–2,500 Population declining[76]

Buffy-tufted marmoset

Black monkey

C. aurita
(Geoffroy, 1812)
Eastern South America
Map of range
Size: 18–30 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 17–41 cm (7–16 in) tail[77]

Habitat: Forest[78]

Diet: Ants, termites, larvae, caterpillars, and large-winged insects[79]
 EN 


10,000–11,000 Population declining[78]

Common marmoset

Gray monkey

C. jacchus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Eastern South America
Map of range
Size: 12–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 29–35 cm (11–14 in) tail[80]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[81]

Diet: Tree sap, insects, spiders, fruit, flowers, and nectar, as well as small lizards, bird's eggs, nestlings, and frogs[80]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[81]

White-headed marmoset

Black, yellow, and white monkey

C. geoffroyi
(Humboldt, 1812)
Eastern South America
Map of range
Size: 18–23 cm (7–9 in) long, plus about 29 cm (11 in) tail[82]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[83]

Diet: Fruit, insects, and plant gums, as well as flowers, nectar, frogs, snails, lizards, and spiders[84]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[83]

Wied's marmoset

Gray monkey

C. kuhlii
Coimbra-Filho, 1985
Eastern South America
Map of range
Size: 20–22 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 27–31 cm (11–12 in) tail[85]

Habitat: Forest[86]

Diet: Sap, fruit, flowers, nectar, seeds, insects, and spiders[87]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[86]

Genus CebuellaGray, 1866 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Eastern pygmy marmoset

Brown monkeys

C. niveiventris
Lönnberg, 1940
Western South America Size: 18–30 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 17–41 cm (7–16 in) tail[77]

Habitat: Forest[88]

Diet: Tree gum
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[88]

Western pygmy marmoset

Brown monkey

C. pygmaea
(Spix, 1823)
Western South America Size: 12–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 17–23 cm (7–9 in) tail[82]

Habitat: Forest[89]

Diet: Tree gum, sap, and resin, as well as insects, small lizards, fruit, flowers, and spiders[90]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[89]

Genus LeontocebusWagner, 1840 – seven species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Andean saddle-back tamarin

Brown monkey

L. leucogenys
(Gray, 1866)
Western South America
Map of range
Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91]

Habitat: Forest[92]

Diet: Fruit pulp, sap, nectar, invertebrates, and small vertebrates[92]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[92]

Cruz Lima's saddle-back tamarin

Drawing of brown monkeys

L. cruzlimai
(Hershkovitz, 1966)
Central South America
Map of range
Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91]

Habitat: Forest[93]

Diet: Fruit, sap, nectar, vegetaion, spiders, small vertebrates, and eggs[91]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[93]

Geoffroy's saddle-back tamarin

Brown monkey

L. nigrifrons
(I. Geoffroy, 1850)
Western South America
Map of range
Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91]

Habitat: Forest[94]

Diet: Fruit pulp, exudates, nectar, invertebrates and small vertebrates[94]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[94]

Illiger's saddle-back tamarin

Brown monkey

L. illigeri
(Pucheran, 1845)
Western South America
Map of range
Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91]

Habitat: Forest[95]

Diet: Fruit pulps, exudates, nectar, invertebrates, and small vertebrates[95]
 NT 


Unknown Population declining[95]

Lesson's saddle-back tamarin

Black-and-white drawing of monkey

L. fuscus
(Lesson, 1840)
Western South America
Map of range
Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91]

Habitat: Forest[96]

Diet: Fruit, nectar, gum, and small animals[96]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[96]

Red-mantled saddle-back tamarin

Brown monkey

L. lagonotus
(Espada, 1870)
Western South America
Map of range
Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91]

Habitat: Forest[97]

Diet: Fruit pulp, exudates, nectar, invertebrates, and small vertebrates[97]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[97]

Weddell's saddle-back tamarin

Brown monkey

L. weddelli
(Deville, 1849)

Three subspecies
  • L. w. crandalli (Crandall's saddle-back tamarin)
  • L. w. melanoleucus (White-mantled tamarin)
  • L. w. weddelli
Western South America
Map of range
Size: About 19 cm (7 in) long, plus about 30 cm (12 in) tail[98]

Habitat: Forest[99]

Diet: Fruit pulp, exudates, nectar, invertebrates, and small vertebrates[99]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[99]

Genus LeontopithecusLesson, 1840 – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Black lion tamarin

Black monkey

L. chrysopygus
(Mikan, 1823)
Southeastern South America
Map of range
Size: 20–34 cm (8–13 in) long, plus 31–40 cm (12–16 in) tail[100]

Habitat: Forest[101]

Diet: Insects and fruit, as well as lizards, birds, other small vertebrates, and bird eggs[100]
 EN 


1,600 Population declining[101]

Golden lion tamarin

Brown monkey

L. rosalia
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Southeastern South America
Map of range
Size: 20–37 cm (8–15 in) long, plus 31–40 cm (12–16 in) tail[102]

Habitat: Forest[103]

Diet: Spiders, snails, small lizards, eggs, small birds, fruit, and vegetables[102]
 EN 


1,400 Population declining[103]

Golden-headed lion tamarin

Black and brown monkey

L. chrysomelas
(Kuhl, 1820)
Eastern South America
Map of range
Size: 20–34 cm (8–13 in) long, plus 31–40 cm (12–16 in) tail[104]

Habitat: Forest[105]

Diet: Insects and fruit, as well as lizards, birds, other small vertebrates, and bird eggs[104]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[105]

Superagüi lion tamarin

Black and brown monkey

L. caissara
Lorini & Guerra, 1990
Southeastern South America
Map of range
Size: About 30 cm (12 in) long, plus about 43 cm (17 in) tail[106]

Habitat: Forest[107]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, gum, and nectar, as well as insects, small lizards, and snakes[108]
 EN 


250 Population declining[107]

Genus MicoLesson, 1840 – sixteen species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Black-headed marmoset M. nigriceps
Ferrari & Lopes, 1992
Central South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[109]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[109]
 NT 


Unknown Population declining[109]

Black-tailed marmoset

Gray monkey

M. melanurus
(Geoffroy, 1812)
Central South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Savanna and shrubland[110]

Diet:
 NT 


Unknown Population declining[110]

Emilia's marmoset

Gray monkey

M. emiliae
(Thomas, 1920)
Central South America
Map of range
Size: About 22 cm (9 in) long, plus about 34 cm (13 in) tail[111]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[112]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[112]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[112]

Gold-and-white marmoset

Gray monkey

M. chrysoleucos
(Wagner, 1842)
Central South America
Map of range
Size: 19–26 cm (7–10 in) long, plus 30–36 cm (12–14 in) tail[113]

Habitat: Forest[114]

Diet: Gum and sap, as well as seeds, fruit, nuts, insects, and small vertebrates[113]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[114]

Hershkovitz's marmoset

Drawing of gray monkey

M. intermedius
Hershkovitz, 1977
Central South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[115]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[115]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[115]

Marca's marmoset M. marcai
Alperin, 1993
Central South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[116]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[116]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[116]

Maués marmoset M. mauesi
R. A. Mittermeier, Schwarz & Ayres, 1992
Central South America
Map of range
Size: 19–23 cm (7–9 in) long, plus 34–38 cm (13–15 in) tail[117]

Habitat: Forest[117]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[117]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[117]

Munduruku marmoset

Drawing of gray monkey

M. munduruku
Costa-Araújo, Farias, Hrbek, 2019
Central South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[118]

Diet:
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[118]

Rio Acarí marmoset M. acariensis
(M. van Roosmalen, T. van Roosmalen, R. A. Mittermeier, & Rylands, 2000)
Central South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[119]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[119]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[119]

Rondon's marmoset

Drawing of gray monkey

M. rondoni
Ferrari, Sena, Schneider, & Silva Jr., 2010
Central South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[120]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[120]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[120]

Roosmalens' dwarf marmoset M. humilis
(M. Roosmalen, 1998)
Central South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[121]

Diet: Insects, fruit and gum[121]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[121]

Santarem marmoset

Gray monkey

M. humeralifer
(Geoffroy, 1812)
Central South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[122]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[122]
 NT 


Unknown Population declining[122]

Satéré marmoset M. saterei
Noronha & Silva Jr., 1998
Central South America
Map of range
Size: 19–23 cm (7–9 in) long, plus 34–36 cm (13–14 in) tail[123]

Habitat: Forest[123]

Diet:
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[123]

Schneider's marmoset

Gray monkey

M. schneideri
Costa-Araújo et al., 2021
Central South America (in dark gray)
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[124]

Diet:
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[124]

Silvery marmoset

Gray monkey

M. argentatus
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Central South America
Map of range
Size: 20–23 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 26–33 cm (10–13 in) tail[82]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[125]

Diet: Sap and gum, as well as fruit, insects, and leaves[126]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[125]

White marmoset

Drawing of gray monkey

M. leucippe
(Thomas, 1922)
Central South America
Map of range
Size: 20–24 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 26–37 cm (10–15 in) tail[127]

Habitat: Forest[127]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[127]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[127]

Genus SaguinusHoffmannsegg, 1807 – seventeen species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Brown-mantled tamarin

Brown monkey

S. fuscicollis
Spix, 1823

Four subspecies
  • S. f. avilapiresi (Avila Pires' saddle-back tamarin)
  • S. f. fuscicollis (Spix's saddle-back tamarin)
  • S. f. mura (Mura's saddleback tamarin)
  • S. f. primitivus (Lako's saddleback tamarin)
West-central South America
Map of range
Size: 21–23 cm (8–9 in) long, plus about 43 cm (17 in) tail[128]

Habitat: Forest[129]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[129]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[129]

Black-mantled tamarin

Black monkey

S. nigricollis
Spix, 1823

Three subspecies
  • S. n. graellsi(Graells's tamarin)
  • S. n. hernandezi (Hernandez-Camacho's black-mantle tamarin)
  • S. n. nigricollis (Spix's black mantle tamarin)
West-central South America
Map of range
Size: 22–23 cm (9 in) long, plus 35–37 cm (14–15 in) tail[130]

Habitat: Forest[131]

Diet: Insects, fruit, seeds, flowers, nectar, and gum[130]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[131]

Black tamarin

Black monkey

S. niger
(Geoffroy, 1803)
Eastern South America
Map of range
Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91]

Habitat: Forest[132]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[132]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[132]

Cotton-top tamarin

White and black monkey

S. oedipus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Northwestern South America
Map of range
Size: 20–25 cm (8–10 in) long, plus 33–40 cm (13–16 in) tail[82]

Habitat: Forest[133]

Diet: Insects, fruit, and gum[134]
 CR 


2,000 Population declining[133]

Eastern black-handed tamarin S. ursula
Hoffmannsegg, 1807
Eastern South America
Map of range
Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91]

Habitat: Forest[135]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[135]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[135]

Emperor tamarin

Black monkey

S. imperator
(Goeldi, 1907)

Two subspecies
Western South America
Map of range
Size: 23–27 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 35–43 cm (14–17 in) tail[136]

Habitat: Forest[137]

Diet: Fruit, insects, and tree sap, as well as lizards, tree frogs, and bird eggs[136]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[137]

Geoffroy's tamarin

White, brown, and black monkey

S. geoffroyi
(Pucheran, 1845)
Nortwestern South America and southeastern Central America
Map of range
Size: 20–29 cm (8–11 in) long, plus 31–42 cm (12–17 in) tail[138]

Habitat: Forest[139]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[139]
 NT 


Unknown Population declining[139]

Golden-handed tamarin

Black and yellow monkey

S. midas
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Northeastern South America
Map of range
Size: 20–28 cm (8–11 in) long, plus 31–44 cm (12–17 in) tail[140]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[141]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[141]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[141]

Golden-mantled tamarin

Black and brown monkey

S. tripartitus
H. Milne-Edwards, 1878
Western South America
Map of range
Size: 21–24 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 31–35 cm (12–14 in) tail[142]

Habitat: Forest[143]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[143]
 NT 


Unknown Population declining[143]

Martins's tamarin S. martinsi
(Thomas, 1912)

Two subspecies
  • S. m. martinsi (Martin's bare-face tamarin)
  • S. m. ochraceus (Ochraceous bare-faced tamarin)
Central South America
Map of range
Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91]

Habitat: Forest[144]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[144]
 NT 


Unknown Population declining[144]

Mottle-faced tamarin

Black monkey

S. inustus
(Schwartz, 1951)
West-central South America
Map of range
Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91]

Habitat: Forest[145]

Diet: Fruit, insects, and spiders[145]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[145]

Moustached tamarin

Black monkey

S. mystax
(Spix, 1823)

Two subspecies
  • S. m. mystax (Spix's moustached tamarin)
  • S. m. pluto (White-rumped moustached tamarin)
West-central South America
Map of range
Size: 24–25 cm (9–10 in) long, plus about 38 cm (15 in) tail[146]

Habitat: Forest[147]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, insects, sap, gum, and soil[148]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[147]

Pied tamarin

Brown and white monkey

S. bicolor
Spix, 1823
Central South America
Map of range
Size: 20–29 cm (8–11 in) long, plus 33–42 cm (13–17 in) tail[149]

Habitat: Forest[150]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, and sap, as well as gum and insects[149]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[150]

Red-capped tamarin

Black and brown monkey

S. pileatus
I. Geoffroy & Deville, 1848
Central South America Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91]

Habitat: Forest[151]

Diet: Fruit pulp, sap, nectar, invertebrates, and small vertebrates[151]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[151]

White-footed tamarin

Drawing of brown and gray monkey

S. leucopus
(Günther, 1877)
Northwestern South America
Map of range
Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91]

Habitat: Forest[152]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[152]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[152]

White-lipped tamarin

Black and brown monkey

S. labiatus
(Humboldt, 1812)

Three subspecies
  • S. l. labiatus
  • S. l. rufiventer
  • S. l. thomasi (Thomas' moustached tamarin)
Central South America
Map of range
Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91]

Habitat: Forest[153]

Diet: Fruit, nectar, insects, and sap[154]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[153]

White-mantled tamarin

White monkey

S. melanoleucus
Miranda-Ribeiro, 1912
West-central South America
Map of range
Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91]

Habitat: Forest[155]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[155]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[155]

Family Cebidae

Subfamily Cebinae

Genus CebusErxleben, 1777 – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Colombian white-faced capuchin

Black and white monkey

C. capucinus
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Two subspecies
  • C. c. capucinus
  • C. c. curtus (Gorgona white-faced capuchin)
Northwestern South America and southeastern Central America (in red)
Map of range
Size: 33–46 cm (13–18 in) long, plus about 55 cm (22 in) tail[156]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[157]

Diet: Fruit and nuts, as well as insects, other invertebrates, and small vertebrates including squirrels, tree rats, lizards, and birds[158]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[157]

Kaapori capuchin

Brown monkey

C. kaapori
Queiroz, 1992
Northeastern South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[159]

Diet: Fruit, insects, and seeds[159]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[159]

Wedge-capped capuchin

Brown monkey

C. olivaceus
Schomburgk, 1848
Northern South America
Map of range
Size: 37–46 cm (15–18 in) long, plus 40–55 cm (16–22 in) tail[160]

Habitat: Forest[161]

Diet: Fruit, palm nuts, seeds, berries, small vertebrates, and invertebrates[162]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[161]

Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin

Brown monkey

C. albifrons
Humboldt, 1812

Six subspecies
Central South America
Map of range
Size: About 37 cm (15 in) long, plus about 42 cm (17 in) tail[163]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[164]

Diet: Fruit, as well as insects, other small invertebrates, palm nuts, figs, and nectar[165]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[164]

Genus SapajusKerr, 1792 – seven species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Black capuchin

Brown monkey

S. nigritus
Goldfuss, 1809

Two subspecies
  • S. n. cucullatus
  • S. n. nigritus
Southeastern South America
Map of range
Size: 32–55 cm (13–22 in) long, plus 35–50 cm (14–20 in) tail[166]

Habitat: Forest[167]

Diet: Fruit, berries, seeds, leaves, and nuts, as well as young frogs, birds, insects, and eggs[166]
 NT 


Unknown Population declining[167]

Azaras's capuchin

Brown monkey

S. cay
(Illiger, 1815)
Central South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest and savanna[168]

Diet: Fruit, seeds, arthropods, frogs, birds, primates, and small mammals, as well as stems and flower buds[168]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[168]

Black-striped capuchin

Brown monkeys

S. libidinosus
Spix, 1823
Eastern South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest and savanna[169]

Diet: Fruit, seeds, arthropods, frogs, birds, and small mammals, as well as stems, flowers and leaves[169]
 NT 


Unknown Population declining[169]

Blond capuchin

Brown monkey

S. flavius
Schreber, 1774
Eastern South America
Map of range
Size: 33–40 cm (13–16 in) long, plus 36–50 cm (14–20 in) tail[170]

Habitat: Forest[170]

Diet: Fruit, insects, palm nuts, and sugar cane[170]
 EN 


500 Population declining[170]

Crested capuchin

Brown monkey

S. robustus
Kuhl, 1820
Eastern South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[171]

Diet: Fruit, seeds, arthropods, frogs, birds, and small mammals, as well as stems, flowers and leaves[171]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[171]

Golden-bellied capuchin

Brown monkey

S. xanthosternos
Wied-Neuwied, 1826
Eastern South America
Map of range
Size: 35–49 cm (14–19 in) long, plus 37–49 cm (15–19 in) tail

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[172]

Diet: Fruit, seeds, nectar, pith, stems, nuts, berries, flowers, leaves, bird eggs, insects, frogs, small reptiles, birds, bats, other small mammals, oysters, and crabs[173]
 CR 


2,500 Population declining[172]

Tufted capuchin

Black and brown monkey

S. apella
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Two subspecies
  • C. a. apella
  • C. a. margaritae (Margarita Island capuchin)
Northern South America
Map of range
Size: 38–46 cm (15–18 in) long, plus 38–39 cm (15–15 in) tail[10]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[174]

Diet: Vegetation, seeds, pith, eggs, insects, reptiles, birds, and small mammals[175]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[174]

Subfamily Saimiriinae

Genus SaimiriVoigt, 1831 – seven species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Bare-eared squirrel monkey

Brown monkey

S. ustus
(I. Geoffroy, 1843)
Central South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[176]

Diet: Fruit, insects, and spiders, as well as flowers, nectar, seeds, bird eggs, and small vertebrates[176]
 NT 


Unknown Population declining[176]

Black squirrel monkey

Brown monkey

S. vanzolinii
Ayres, 1985
Central South America
Map of range
Size: About 32 cm (13 in) long, plus 41 cm (16 in) tail[177]

Habitat: Forest[178]

Diet: Fruit and insects, as well as small vertebrates, flowers, seeds, leaves, and nectar[177]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[178]

Black-capped squirrel monkey

Brown monkeys

S. boliviensis
(I. Geoffroy & Blainville, 1834)

Two subspecies
  • S. b. boliviensis (Bolivian squirrel monkey)
  • S. b. peruviensis (Peruvian squirrel monkey)
Western South America
Map of range
Size: 27–32 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 38–42 cm (15–17 in) tail[160]

Habitat: Forest[179]

Diet: Insects and fruit, as well as berries, nuts, flowers, seeds, leaves, arachnids, small vertebrates, and eggs[180]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[179]

Central American squirrel monkey

Brown monkey

S. oerstedii
Reinhardt, 1872

Southern Central America
Map of range
Size: 22–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 37–47 cm (15–19 in) tail[181]

Habitat: Forest[182]

Diet: Fruit, berries, seeds, gums, leaves, buds, insects, arachnids, and small vertebrates[181]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[182]

Collins' squirrel monkey

Brown monkeys

S. collinsi
(Osgood, 1914)
Northern South America (in red)
Map of range
Size: 26–30 cm (10–12 in) long, plus 38–39 cm (15–15 in) tail[183]

Habitat: Forest[183]

Diet: Fruit and insects[183]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[183]

Guianan squirrel monkey

Brown monkeys

S. sciureus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Northern South America (in green)
Map of range
Size: About 32 cm (13 in) long, plus 41 cm (16 in) tail[184]

Habitat: Forest[185]

Diet: Fruit and insects, as well as leaves and seeds[184]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[185]

Humboldt's squirrel monkey

Brown monkey

S. cassiquiarensis
(Lesson, 1840)

Three subspecies
  • S. c. albigena
  • S. c. cassiquiarensis
  • S. c. macrodon
Northwestern South America (in yellow)
Map of range
Size: 25–35 cm (10–14 in) long, plus about 38 cm (15 in) tail[186]

Habitat: Forest[187]

Diet: Arthropods, fruit, and flowers[187]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[187]

Family Pitheciidae

Subfamily Callicebinae

Genus CallicebusThomas, 1903 – five species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Atlantic titi monkey

Brown monkey

C. personatus
(Geoffroy, 1812)
Eastern South America
Map of range
Size: 31–42 cm (12–17 in) long, plus 41–56 cm (16–22 in) tail[188]

Habitat: Forest[189]

Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects, and seeds[189]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[189]

Barbara Brown's titi monkey C. barbarabrownae
(Hershkovitz, 1990)
Eastern South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Savanna and shrubland[190]

Diet:
 CR 


100-250 Population declining[190]

Black-fronted titi monkey

Brown monkey

C. nigrifrons
(Spix, 1823)
Eastern South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[191]

Diet: Fruit, leaves, and flowers, as well as arthropods[191]
 NT 


Unknown Population declining[191]

Coastal black-handed titi monkey

Gray monkey

C. melanochir
(Wied-Neuwied, 1820)
Eastern South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[192]

Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[192]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[192]

Coimbra Filho's titi monkey

Brown monkey

C. coimbrai
Kobayashi, 1999
Eastern South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest and savanna[193]

Diet: Fruit, leaves, flowers, seeds, and insects, as well as birds[193]
 EN 


250–2,500 Population declining[193]

Genus CheracebusByrne et al., 2016 – five species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Black titi monkey

Black monkey

C. lugens
(Humboldt, 1811)
Northern South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest and savanna[194]

Diet: Fruit, seeds, leaves, stems, flowers, insects, and spiders[194]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[194]

Collared titi monkey C. torquatus
(Hoffmannsegg, 1807)
Central South America
Map of range
Size: 23–36 cm (9–14 in) long, plus about 46 cm (18 in) tail[195]

Habitat: Forest[196]

Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as leaves and insects[195]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[196]

Colombian black-handed titi monkey C. medemi
(Hershkovitz, 1963)
Northwestern South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[197]

Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds[197]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[197]

Lucifer titi monkey

Brown monkey

C. lucifer
(Thomas, 1914)
Northwestern South America
Map of range
Size: 30–45 cm (12–18 in) long, plus 39–50 cm (15–20 in) tail[198]

Habitat: Forest[199]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, insects, and bird eggs[198]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[199]

Red-headed titi monkey C. regulus
(Thomas, 1927)
Northwestern South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[200]

Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds[200]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[200]

Genus PlecturocebusByrne et al., 2016 – 22 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Ashy black titi monkey

Gray monkey

P. cinerascens
(Spix, 1823)
Central South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[201]

Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds[201]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[201]

Baptista Lake titi monkey

Brown monkey

P. baptista
Lönnberg, 1939
Central South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[202]

Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds[202]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[202]

Brown titi monkey

Brown monkey

P. brunneus
(Wagner, 1842)
West-central South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[203]

Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds[203]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[203]

Caquetá titi monkey P. caquetensis
Defler, Bueno, & Garcia, 2010
Northwestern South America
Map of range
Size: 31–34 cm (12–13 in) long, plus 36–64 cm (14–25 in) tail[204]

Habitat: Forest[205]

Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves, as well as flowers, arthropods, and stems[205]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[205]

Chestnut-bellied titi monkey P. caligatus
(Wagner, 1842)
Central South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[206]

Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds[206]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[206]

Coppery titi monkey

Brown monkey

P. cupreus
(Spix, 1823)
Western South America
Map of range
Size: 28–39 cm (11–15 in) long, plus about 7–13 cm (3–5 in) tail[207]

Habitat: Forest[208]

Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds[208]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[208]

Hershkovitz's titi monkey P. dubius
(Hershkovitz, 1988)
Western South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[209]

Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds[209]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[209]

Hoffmanns's titi monkey P. hoffmannsi
(Thomas, 1908)
Central South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[210]

Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds[210]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[210]

Madidi titi monkey

Brown monkey

P. aureipalatii
(Wallace, Gómez, A. M. Felton, & A. Felton, 2006)
Western South America Size: 29–32 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 48–53 cm (19–21 in) tail[10]

Habitat: Forest[211]

Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds[211]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[211]

Milton's titi monkey P. miltoni
Dalponte, Silva, & Silva Júnior, 2014
Central South America Size:

Habitat: Forest[212]

Diet:
 DD 


Unknown Unknown[212]

Olalla brothers' titi monkey P. olallae
Lönnberg, 1939
Western South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest and savanna[213]

Diet: Fruit and leaves[213]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[213]

Ornate titi monkey

Brown monkey

P. ornatus
(Gray, 1866)
Northwestern South America
Map of range
Size: 30–36 cm (12–14 in) long, plus 38–45 cm (15–18 in) tail[214]

Habitat: Forest[215]

Diet: Fruit, as well as insects, leaves, and flowers[214]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[215]

Prince Bernhard's titi monkey

Brown monkey

P. bernhardi
(M. van Roosmalen, T. van Roosmalen, & R. A. Mittermeier, 2002)
Central South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[216]

Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds[216]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[216]

Red-bellied titi monkey

Brown monkeys

P. moloch
(Hoffmannsegg, 1807)
Northeast-central South America
Map of range
Size: 27–43 cm (11–17 in) long, plus 35–55 cm (14–22 in) tail[10]

Habitat: Forest[217]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, insects, eggs, and small vertebrates[218]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[217]

Rio Beni titi monkey P. modestus
(Lönnberg, 1939)
Western South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest and savanna[219]

Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers and invertebrates[219]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[219]

Rio Mayo titi monkey P. oenanthe
(Thomas, 1924)
Western South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[220]

Diet: Fruit and insects, as well as seeds, flowers, leaves, and shoots[220]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[220]

Stephen Nash's titi monkey P. stephennashi
M. van Roosmalen, T. van Roosmalen, & R. A. Mittermeier, 2002)
Central South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Unknown[221]

Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects, and seeds[221]
 DD 


Unknown Unknown[221]

Toppin's titi monkey

Brown monkey

P. toppini
(Thomas, 1914)
Western South America Size:

Habitat: Forest[222]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves and insects[222]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[222]

Urubamba brown titi monkey

Brown monkey

P. urubambensis
(Vermeer & Tello-Alvarado, 2015)
Western South America Size:

Habitat: Forest[223]

Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects, and seeds[223]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[223]

Vieira's titi monkey

Gray monkey

P. vieirai
Gualda-Barros, Nascimento, & Amaral, 2012
Central South America Size:

Habitat: Forest[224]

Diet:
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[224]

White-coated titi monkey

Gray monkey

P. pallescens
(Thomas, 1907)
Central South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest and savanna[225]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, and vines[225]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[225]

White-eared titi monkey

Gray monkey

P. donacophilus
(d'Orbigny, 1836)
West-central South America
Map of range
Size: About 32 cm (13 in) long, plus 48–51 cm (19–20 in) tail[226]

Habitat: Forest[227]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, seeds, and insects[228]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[227]

White-tailed titi monkey

Brown monkey

P. discolor
(I. Geoffroy & Deville, 1848)
Northwestern South America
Map of range
Size: 29–45 cm (11–18 in) long, plus 35–64 cm (14–25 in) tail[229]

Habitat: Forest[230]

Diet: Fruit, seeds, and flowers[230]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[230]

Subfamily Pitheciinae

Genus CacajaoLesson, 1840 – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Aracá uakari C. ayresi
Boubli et al., 2008
North-central South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[231]

Diet:
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[231]

Bald uakari

Brown monkey with red face

C. calvus
(I. Geoffroy, 1847)

Four subspecies
  • C. c. calvus (White bald-headed uakari)
  • C. c. novaesi (Novae's bald-headed uakari)
  • C. c. rubicundus (Red bald-headed uakari)
  • C. c. ucayalii (Ucayali bald-headed uakari)
Western South America
Map of range
Size: 38–57 cm (15–22 in) long, plus 14–19 cm (6–7 in) tail[10]

Habitat: Forest[232]

Diet: Seeds, fruit, leaves, nectar, and insects[233]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[232]

Golden-backed uakari

Drawing of black and brown monkey

C. melanocephalus
(Humboldt, 1811)
Northern South America
Map of range
Size: 36–49 cm (14–19 in) long, plus 18–25 cm (7–10 in) tail[234]

Habitat: Forest[235]

Diet: Fruit and seeds[234]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[235]

Neblina uakari C. hosomi
Boubli et al., 2008
Northern South America
Map of range
Size: 43–49 cm (17–19 in) long, plus 36–45 cm (14–18 in) tail[236]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[237]

Diet: Seeds, as well as fruit pulp, leaves, and arthropods[237]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[237]

Genus ChiropotesLesson, 1840 – five species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Black bearded saki

Black monkey

C. satanas
(Hoffmannsegg, 1807)
Northeastern South America
Map of range
Size: 32–48 cm (13–19 in) long, plus 37–47 cm (15–19 in) tail[238]

Habitat: Forest[239]

Diet: Seeds, as well as fruit, flowers, leaf stalks, and arthropods[238]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[239]

Reddish-brown bearded saki C. sagulatus
(Traill, 1821)
Northeastern South America Size:

Habitat: Forest[240]

Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as flowers, stems, and arthropods[240]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[240]

Red-backed bearded saki

Brown monkey

C. chiropotes
(Humboldt, 1811)
Northern South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[241]

Diet: Seeds, fruit, and nuts, as well as insects[242]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[241]

Uta Hick's bearded saki

Brown monkey

C. utahickae
Hershkovitz, 1985
Northern South America
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[243]

Diet: Seeds, fruit, and flowers, as well as insects, leaves, and stems[243]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[243]

White-nosed saki

Black monkey

C. albinasus
(I. Geoffroy & Deville, 1848)
Central South America
Map of range
Size: 41–48 cm (16–19 in) long, plus 30–51 cm (12–20 in) tail[244]

Habitat: Forest[245]

Diet: Fruit, nuts, and insects[246]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[245]

Genus PitheciaDesmarest, 1804 – thirteen species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Burnished saki

Drawing of gray monkey

P. inusta
Spix, 1823
Western South America Size:

Habitat: Forest[247]

Diet: Seeds, fruit pulp, leaves, insects, and flowers[247]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[247]

Cazuza's saki P. cazuzai
Marsh, 2014
Central South America Size:

Habitat: Forest[248]

Diet: Seeds, fruit pulp, leaves, insects, and flowers[248]
 DD 


Unknown Population declining[248]

Equatorial saki

Drawing of brown monkey

P. aequatorialis
Hershkovitz, 1987
Western South America Size:

Habitat: Forest[249]

Diet: Seeds, fruit pulp, leaves, insects, and flowers[249]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[249]

Golden-faced saki

Drawing of black monkey

P. chrysocephala
I. Geoffroy, 1850
Central South America Size:

Habitat: Forest[250]

Diet: Seeds, fruit pulp, leaves, insects, and flowers[250]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[250]

Hairy saki

Drawing of black monkey

P. hirsuta
Spix, 1823
Western South America Size:

Habitat: Forest[251]

Diet: Seeds, fruit pulp, leaves, insects, and flowers[251]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[251]

Isabel's saki P. isabela
Marsh, 2014
Western South America Size:

Habitat: Forest[252]

Diet: Seeds, fruit pulp, leaves, insects, and flowers[252]
 DD 


Unknown Population declining[252]

Miller's saki

Black monkey

P. milleri
Allen, 1914
Northwestern South America Size:

Habitat: Forest[253]

Diet: Seeds, fruit pulp, leaves, insects, and flowers[253]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[253]

Monk saki

Drawing of black monkey

P. monachus
(Geoffroy, 1812)
Northwestern South America
Map of range
Size: 41–50 cm (16–20 in) long, plus 40–50 cm (16–20 in) tail[34]

Habitat: Forest[254]

Diet: Seeds, fruit pulp, leaves, insects, and flowers[254]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[254]

Napo saki

Black monkey

P. napensis
Lönnberg, 1938
Northwestern South America Size: 20–50 cm (8–20 in) long, plus 20–50 cm (8–20 in) tail[255]

Habitat: Forest[256]

Diet: Seeds, fruit pulp, leaves, insects, and flowers[256]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[256]

Rio Tapajós saki

Black monkey

P. irrorata
Gray, 1842
Central South America
Map of range
Size: About 41 cm (16 in) long, plus about 47 cm (19 in) tail[257]

Habitat: Forest[258]

Diet: Seeds, fruit pulp, leaves, insects, and flowers[258]
 DD 


Unknown Population declining[258]

Vanzolini's bald-faced saki P. vanzolinii
Hershkovitz, 1987
West-central South America Size:

Habitat: Forest[259]

Diet: Seeds, fruit pulp, leaves, insects, and flowers[259]
 DD 


Unknown Population declining[259]

White-faced saki

Black monkey

P. pithecia
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Northern South America
Map of range
Size: 28–46 cm (11–18 in) long, plus 32–46 cm (13–18 in) tail[34]

Habitat: Forest[260]

Diet: Seeds, and leaves, as well as insects and flowers[261]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[260]

White-footed saki

White monkey

P. albicans
Gray, 1860
Central South America
Map of range
Size: 36–56 cm (14–22 in) long, plus 36–56 cm (14–22 in) tail[262]

Habitat: Forest[263]

Diet: Seeds, fruit pulp, leaves, insects, and flowers[263]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[263]

References

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