Saki monkey
Sakis, or saki monkeys, are any of several New World monkeys of the genus Pithecia.[2] They are closely related to the bearded sakis of genus Chiropotes.
| Sakis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| White-faced saki (Pithecia pithecia) | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Suborder: | Haplorhini |
| Infraorder: | Simiiformes |
| Family: | Pitheciidae |
| Subfamily: | Pitheciinae |
| Genus: | Pithecia Desmarest, 1804 |
| Type species | |
| Simia pithecia [1] Linnaeus, 1766 | |
| Species | |
| |
Range
Sakis' range includes northern and central South America, extending from the south of Colombia, over Peru, in northern Bolivia, and into the central part of Brazil.
Body functionality
Sakis are small-sized monkeys with long, bushy tails. Their furry, rough skin is black, grey or reddish-brown in color depending upon the species. The faces of some species are naked, but their head is hooded with fur. Their bodies are adapted to life in the trees, with strong hind legs allowing them to make far jumps. Sakis reach a length of 30 to 50 cm, with a tail just as long, and weigh up to 2 kg.
Habitat and habit
Sakis are diurnal animals. They live in the trees of the rain forests and only occasionally go onto the land. They mostly move on all fours, sometimes running in an upright position on the hind legs over the branches, and sometimes jumping long distances. For sleeping they roll themselves cat-like in the branches. They are generally very shy, cautious animals. Sakis allow adult offspring and non-related immigrants into their groups unlike titi or owl monkeys.[3] Saki monkeys have been commonly considered to be socially monogamous, but generally only sakis who are pair-living exhibit social monogamy.[4] Females primarily carry infants and male-infant interactions are rare.[3]
Diet
Sakis are frugivores. Their diet consists of over 90% fruit and is supplemented by a small proportion of leaves, flowers, and insects. Sakis, as well as uakaris, engage in a specialized form of frugivory in which they focus specifically on unripe fruits and seeds.
Procreation
Mating is non-seasonal, and can happen any time during the year. After approximately 150- to 180-day gestation, females bear single young. The young are weaned after 4 months, and are fully mature in 3 years. Their life expectancy is up to 30 years.
Classification
- Genus Pithecia
- Equatorial saki, Pithecia aequatorialis
- White-footed saki or buffy saki, Pithecia albicans
- Cazuza's saki, Pithecia cazuzai[5]
- Golden-faced saki, Pithecia chrysocephala[5]
- Hairy saki, Pithecia hirsuta[5]
- Burnished saki, Pithecia inusta[5]
- Rio Tapajós saki or Gray's bald-faced saki, Pithecia irrorata
- Isabel's saki, Pithecia isabela[5]
- Monk saki, Pithecia monachus[5]
- Miller's saki, Pithecia milleri[5]
- Mittermeier's Tapajós saki, Pithecia mittermeieri[5] (disputed)[6]
- Napo saki, Pithecia napensis[5]
- Pissinatti’s saki, Pithecia pissinattii[5] (disputed)[6]
- White-faced saki, Pithecia pithecia
- Rylands' bald-faced saki, Pithecia rylandsi[5] (disputed)[6]
- Vanzolini's bald-faced saki, Pithecia vanzolinii[5]
References
- Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- Groves, C. P. (2005). "Order Primates". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 147–148. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- Thompson, Cynthia L.; Norconk, Marilyn A. (2011). "Within-group social bonds in white-faced saki monkeys (Pithecia pithecia) display male-female pair preference". American Journal of Primatology. 73 (10): 1051–1061. doi:10.1002/ajp.20972. PMID 21695710. S2CID 39573760.
- Fernandez‐Duque, Eduardo; Huck, Maren; Van Belle, Sarie; Di Fiore, Anthony (April 2020). "The evolution of pair‐living, sexual monogamy, and cooperative infant care: Insights from research on wild owl monkeys, titis, sakis, and tamarins". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 171 (S70): 118–173. doi:10.1002/ajpa.24017. ISSN 0002-9483. PMID 32191356.
- Marsh, Laura K. (2014-08-01). "A Taxonomic Revision of the Saki Monkeys, Pithecia Desmarest, 1804". Neotropical Primates. 21 (1): 1–165. doi:10.1896/044.021.0101. ISSN 1413-4705. S2CID 86516301.
- Serrano-Villavicencio, J.E.; Murtado, C.M.; Vendramel, R.L.; Oliveira do Nascimento, F. (January 2019). "Reconsidering the taxonomy of the Pithecia irrorata species group (Primates: Pitheciidae)". Journal of Mammalogy. 100 (1): 130–141. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyy167.
External links
Pithecia.
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