Saddle-back tamarin

The saddle-back tamarins are squirrel-sized New World monkeys from the family Callitrichidae in the genus or subgenus Leontocebus. They were split from the tamarin genus Saguinus based on genetic data and on the fact that saddle-back tamarins are sympatric with members of Saguinus to a greater extent than would be expected from two members of the same genus.[1][2] However, this argument can be circular, as several other mammals show sympatry among congeneric species, such as armadillos (genus Dasypus), spotted cats (genus Leopardus), and fruit-eating bats (genus Artibeus).[3] Some authors still consider Leontocebus to be a subgenus of Saguinus.[4]

Saddle-back tamarins
Wendell's Saddle-back Tamarin
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorhini
Infraorder: Simiiformes
Family: Callitrichidae
Genus: Leontocebus
Wagner, 1840
Type species
Leontocebus fuscus
Lesson, 1840
Species

10 species, see text

Synonyms
  • Saguinus Hoffmannsegg, 1807
  • Marikina Lesson, 1840
  • Tamarin Gray, 1870
  • Tamarinus Trouessart, 1904

Species include:[5][6]


Genus Leontocebus – Wagner, 1840 – ten species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Cruz Lima's saddle-back tamarin Leontocebus cruzlimai
(Hershkovitz, 1966)		 Brazil
Map of range		 Size:

Habitat: Area near the Inauini River

Diet:		  LC 


Brown-mantled tamarin or Spix's saddle-back tamarin

Leontocebus fuscicollis
(Spix, 1823)

Four subspecies
  • L. f. avilapiresi, Avila Pires' saddle-back tamarin
  • L. f. fuscicollis, Spix's saddle-back tamarin
  • L. f. mura, Mura's saddleback tamarin
  • L. f. primitivus, Lako's saddleback tamarin
Bolivia, Brazil and Peru.
Map of range		 Size:

Habitat: the Andes Mountains throughout the Amazon River Basin, they tend to inhabit primary and secondary lowland tropical forests.

Diet:		  LC 


Lesson's saddle-back tamarin

Leontocebus fuscus
(Pucheran, 1845)		 Peru (Amazonas) Size:

Habitat:

Diet:		  NT 


Illiger's saddle-back tamarin

Leontocebus illigeri
(Lesson, 1840)		 Colombia (Plaines de Mocoa, Putumayo, between the Rio Putumayo and Rio Caqueta), Brazil Size:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Red-mantled saddle-back tamarin

Leontocebus lagonotus
(Jiménez de la Espada, 1870)		 Ecuador and Peru Size:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Andean saddle-back tamarin

Leontocebus leucogenys
(Gray, 1866)		 Peru (Huanuco) Size:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Black-mantled tamarin

Leontocebus nigricollis
(Spix, 1823)

Three subspecies
  • Spix's black mantle tamarin, Leontocebus nigricollis nigricollis
  • Graells's tamarin or Graells’ black-mantle tamarin, Leontocebus nigricollis graellsi
  • Hernandez-Camacho's black-mantle tamarin, Leontocebus nigricollis hernandezi
western Brazil, southeastern Colombia, north-eastern Peru and eastern Ecuador.
Map of range		 Size:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Geoffroy's saddle-back tamarin Leontocebus nigrifrons
(I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1850)		 Peru Size:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Golden-mantled tamarin or Golden-mantled saddle-back tamarin

Leontocebus tripartitus
(Milne-Edwards, 1878)		 Ecuador and Peru(Amazon), Ecuador, and Northeast Peru (between the Rio Curaray and Rio Napo). Size:

Habitat:

Diet:		  NT 


Weddell's saddle-back tamarin

Leontocebus weddelli
(Deville, 1849)

Three subspecies
  • Leontocebus weddelli weddelli
  • Crandall's saddle-back tamarin, (Leontocebus weddelli crandalli)
  • White-mantled tamarin or White saddle-back tamarin, (Leontocebus weddelli melanoleucus)
Brazil, Bolivia and Peru Size:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 



In some locations saddle-back tamarins live sympatrically with tamarins of the genus Sanguinus, but the saddle-back tamarins typically occupy lower strata of the forest than do the Sanguinus species.[1] Saddle-back tamarins have longer and narrower hands than Sanguinus species, possibly adaption to differing foraging behavior, as saddle-back tamarins are more likely to search for insects that are hidden in knotholes, crevices, bromeliad tanks and leaf litter, while Sanguinus species are more likely to forage for insects that are exposed on surfaces such as leaves or branches.[1]

References
  1. Rylands, Anthony B.; Eckhard W. Heymann; Jessica Lynch Alfaro; Janet C. Buckner; Christian Roos; Christian Matauschek; Jean P. Boubli; Ricardo Sampaio; Russell A. Mittermeier (2016). "Taxonomic Review of the New World Tamarins (Primates: Callitrichidae)" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 177 (4): 1003–1028. doi:10.1111/zoj.12386. Retrieved 2020-04-19.
  2. Buckner, JC; Lynch Alfaro, JW; Rylands, AB; Alfaro, ME (2015). "Biogeography of the marmosets and tamarins (Callitrichidae)". Mol Phylogenet Evol. 82 Pt B: 413–425. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.031. PMID 24857784.
  3. Gardner, Alfred L., ed. (1 March 2008). Mammals of South America, Volume 1: Marsupials, Xenarthrans, Shrews, and Bats. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-28240-4. OCLC 644361912.
  4. Garbino, Guilherme S.T.; Martins-Junior, Antonio M.G. (2018). "Phenotypic evolution in marmoset and tamarin monkeys (Cebidae, Callitrichinae) and a revised genus-level classification". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 118: 156–171. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.10.002. PMID 28989098.
  5. "Leontocebus Wagner, 1840". ITIS. Retrieved 2020-04-19.
  6. "Leontocebus". American Society of Mammalogists. Retrieved 2020-04-19.
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