List of earthquakes in China

This is a List of earthquakes in China, part of the series of lists of disasters in China. China has been the location of some of the most deadly earthquakes in history. The deadliest was the 1556 Shaanxi Earthquake with 830,000 deaths.[1] Earthquakes in the loess plateau where residents lived in yaodong caves tended to have big casualties, including the 1303 Hongdong and 1920 Haiyuan earthquakes. The most recent earthquake with a death toll of more than a thousand was the 2010 Yushu earthquake, which killed 2,698.

Earthquakes with a magnitude 4.5 and over (1900–2015). The yellow star is the 2008 Sichuan earthquake.

The collision of India with the rest of Asia has led to seismic activity throughout Western China, particularly in Tibet and the Yunnan, Xinjiang, Sichuan, Gansu and Qinghai provinces. However, these regions in comparison with Eastern China have a low population density. These areas also in general have poorer transport and building codes. Throughout China, poor building codes increases the damage and loss of life from earthquakes. The northern regions of Eastern China are not as seismically active as the western areas of the country, but earthquakes are still possible in this area.

Earthquake prediction was popular between 1966 and 1976, which overlapped with the Cultural Revolution. This reached its height with the successful prediction of the 1975 Haicheng earthquake. This earthquake had a prominent series of foreshocks and authorities who were eager to issue a warning. However very few earthquakes have both these criteria. The unpredictable and devastating 1976 Tangshan earthquake led to a reduction in the popularity of earthquake prediction in China.

Earthquakes
Date Article Coord Location Mag. Deaths Description
c. 1920 BCJishi Gorge outburst flood35°N 102°E / 35; 102Qinghai / Gansu
512-05-21512 Shaanxi earthquake38.9°N 112.8°E / 38.9; 112.8Dai County, Shaanxi7.5 Ms5,310 (estimate)
1290-09-271290 Zhili earthquake[2]41.5°N 119.3°E / 41.5; 119.3Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia6.8 Ms100,000
1303-09-251303 Hongdong earthquake[3]36.3°N 111.7°E / 36.3; 111.7Shaanxi8.0 ML270,000 [4]Taiyuan and Pingyang were leveled.
1337-09-081337 Huailai earthquake[5]40.4°N 115.7°E / 40.4; 115.7Hebei, Beijing6.5 Ms.
1556-01-231556 Shaanxi earthquake34.50°N 109.30°E / 34.50; 109.30Shaanxi8.0 MW100,000+[6]Another 700,000 deaths from plagues and famine.[6]
1604-12-291604 Quanzhou earthquake23.54°N 117.24°E / 23.54; 117.24Fujian8.1 MW UnknownLargest earthquake in southern China
1605-07-131605 Guangdong earthquake19.9°N 110.5°E / 19.9; 110.5Guangdong7.5 Ms several thousand
1622-10-251622 North Guyuan earthquake36.5°N 106.3°E / 36.5; 106.3Ningxia7.2 MW 12,000
1626-06-281626 Lingqiu earthquake39.4°N 114.2°E / 39.4; 114.2Shaanxi7.0 Ms >5,200
1668-07-251668 Tancheng earthquake34.30°N 118.60°E / 34.30; 118.60Tancheng County, Shandong8.5 MW50,000Largest seismic event ever recorded in history in eastern China.[7]
1679-09-021679 Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake40°00′N 116°59′EHebei, Beijing8.0 Mw45,500
1695-05-181695 Linfen earthquake36.0°N 111.5°E / 36.0; 111.5Linfen7.8 MS52,600
1709-10-141709 Zhongwei earthquake37.4°N 105.3°E / 37.4; 105.3Ningxia7.5 Ms 2,032
1718-06-191718 Tongwei–Gansu earthquake35.0°N 105.2°E / 35.0; 105.2Gansu7.5 MS75,000
1739-01-04 1739 Yinchuan–Pingluo earthquake 38.9°N 106.5°E / 38.9; 106.5 Ningxia 8.0 Ms  50,000
1786-06-011786 Kangding-Luding earthquake[8][9]29.9°N 102.0°E / 29.9; 102.0Sichuan7.75 ML100,000+The earthquake triggered a landslide that formed an artificial mud dam which blocked the Dadu River. Ten days later, this dam was breached resulting in a catastrophic mudslide flooding event.
1815-10-231815 Pinglu earthquake34.8°N 111.2°E / 34.8; 111.2Shanxi6.8 Ms 13,000
1830-11-101830 Cixian earthquake36.4°N 114.2°E / 36.4; 114.2Hebei7.4 Mw 7,477
1833-09-061833 Kunming earthquake25°24′N 103°00′EYunnan8.0 Mw6,000
1850-09-121850 Xichang earthquake27.8°N 102.3°E / 27.8; 102.3Sichuan7.6-7.9 Mw20,650
1870-04-111870 Batang earthquake30.0°N 99.1°E / 30.0; 99.1Sichuan7.3 Mw5,000
1879-07-011879 Gansu earthquake33.2°N 104.7°E / 33.2; 104.7Gansu8.0 Ms22,000
1902-08-221902 Turkestan earthquake40.0°N 77.0°E / 40.0; 77.0Xinjiang7.7 Mw2,500-20,000
1906-12-221906 Manasi earthquake44.3°N 85.6°E / 44.3; 85.6Xinjiang7.8 Mw280
1918-02-131918 Shantou earthquake23.54°N 117.24°E / 23.54; 117.24Shantou, Guangdong7.2 Mw1,000+
1920-12-161920 Haiyuan earthquake36.50°N 105.70°E / 36.50; 105.70Haiyuan County, Ningxia7.8 ML265,000 [10]
1923-03-241923 Renda earthquake31.295°N 100.750°E / 31.295; 100.750Luhuo County, Sichuan7.0 Ms4,800
1925-03-161925 Dali earthquake25.7°N 100.4°E / 25.7; 100.4Dali, Yunnan7.0 Ms5,000
1927-05-221927 Gulang earthquake37.39°N 102.31°E / 37.39; 102.31Gulang County, Gansu7.6 Mw40,900
1931-08-101931 Fuyun earthquake[11]47.1°N 89.8°E / 47.1; 89.8Fuyun County, Xinjiang8.0 Mw10,000[12]
1932-12-251932 Changma earthquake39.7°N 96.7°E / 39.7; 96.7Gansu7.6 Ms275
1933-08-251933 Diexi earthquake32.0°N 103.7°E / 32.0; 103.7Mao County, Sichuan7.5 MS9,000
1937-07-311937 Heze earthquakes35.269°N 115.190°E / 35.269; 115.190Mudan District, Shandong6.9 MS3,252+
1950-08-151950 Assam–Tibet earthquake[13]28.36°N 96.45°E / 28.36; 96.45Zayü County, Tibet8.6 Mw4,000Largest seismic event ever recorded in China and largest known seismic event on land. 3,300 deaths in Chinese-claimed territories
1952-08-181952 Damxung earthquake30°38′53″N 91°36′4″EDamxung, Tibet7.5 Mw54
1955-4-141955 Kangding earthquake[14]31.295°N 100.750°E / 31.295; 100.750Sichuan7.1
1955-09-231955 Yuzha earthquake26.60°N 101.80°E / 26.60; 101.80Yunnan6.8 MS728
1966-03-081966 Xingtai earthquake[15]37°04′N 114°29′EHebei6.8 Mw8,064
1969-07-261969 Yangjiang earthquake21.61°N 111.83°E / 21.61; 111.83Yangjiang, Guangdong6.4 Mw3,000
1970-01-041970 Tonghai earthquake24.19°N 102.54°E / 24.19; 102.54Tonghai County, Yunnan7.1 Mw15,621
1973-02-061973 Luhuo earthquake31.398°N 100.581°E / 31.398; 100.581Luhuo County, Sichuan7.5 MS[16]2,175
1974-05-101974 Zhaotong earthquake28.2°N 104.0°E / 28.2; 104.0Zhaotong, Yunnan6.820,000[17]
1975-02-041975 Haicheng earthquake40.66°N 122.68°E / 40.66; 122.68Haicheng, Liaoning7.4 Mw2,041one of the few earthquakes to be successfully predicted throughout history[18]
1976-05-291976 Longling earthquake24.49°N 98.96°E / 24.49; 98.96Yunnan6.9 MS
7.0 MS		98Doublet earthquake
1976-07-271976 Tangshan earthquake39.63°N 118.10°E / 39.63; 118.10Tangshan, Hebei7.5 MW300,000+[1]Deadliest earthquake in Chinese history. Among the top disasters in China by death toll.
1976-08-161976 Songpan-Pingwu earthquake32.69°N 104.2°E / 32.69; 104.2Sichuan7.2 MS41Earthquake swarm
1981-01-231981 Dawu earthquake30.93°N 101.10°E / 30.93; 101.10Sichuan6.8 ML150
1988-11-061988 Lancang–Gengma earthquakes22.789°N 99.611°E / 22.789; 99.611Yunnan7.7 Mw
7.2 Mw		939Occurred near the border with Shan State, Myanmar. Doublet earthquake
1990-04-261990 Gonghe earthquake35.986°N 100.245°E / 35.986; 100.245Qinghai7.0 MS126
1996-02-031996 Lijiang earthquake27.30°N 100.29°E / 27.30; 100.29Yunnan7.0 MS309
2000-01-142000 Yunnan earthquake25.61°N 101.06°E / 25.61; 101.06Yunnan5.9 MW7
2001-02-232001 Sichuan earthquake[19]29.513°N 101.129°E / 29.513; 101.129Sichuan5.6 MW3
2001-11-142001 Kunlun earthquake36.12°N 90.54°E / 36.12; 90.54Qinghai7.8 MW0
2003-02-242003 Bachu earthquake39.61°N 77.24°E / 39.61; 77.24Maralbexi (Bachu) County, Xinjiang6.3 MW261
2003-12-012003 Zhaosu earthquake42.905°N 80.515°E / 42.905; 80.515Zhaosu County, Xinjiang6.0 MW10
2005-11-262005 Ruichang earthquake29.657°N 115.717°E / 29.657; 115.717Ruichang, Jiangxi5.2 MW14
2006-07-222006 Yanjin earthquake27.992°N 104.215°E / 27.992; 104.215Yunnan5.2 MW22Moderate damage
2008-05-122008 Sichuan earthquake31.021°N 103.367°E / 31.021; 103.367Wenchuan County, Sichuan7.9 MW87,58718th deadliest earthquake of all time
2008-08-212008 Yingjiang earthquakes24.9°N 97.8°E / 24.9; 97.8Yunnan6.0 Mw5
2008-08-302008 Panzhihua earthquake26.2°N 101.9°E / 26.2; 101.9Sichuan5.7 MW41
2008-10-062008 Damxung earthquake29.45°N 90.187°E / 29.45; 90.187Damxung County, Tibet6.4 MW10
2010-04-142010 Yushu earthquake33.3°N 96.7°E / 33.3; 96.7Yushu, Qinghai6.9 Mw2,698270 Missing
2011-03-102011 Yunnan earthquake24.710°N 97.994°E / 24.710; 97.994Yunnan5.4 MW26
2012-09-072012 Yunnan earthquakes27.582°N 103.990°E / 27.582; 103.990Yiliang County, Yunnan5.6 Mw81
2013-03-032013 Yunnan earthquakes25.919°N 99.725°E / 25.919; 99.725Dali, Yunnan5.5 Mw02,500 houses were damaged
2013-04-202013 Ya'an earthquake30.284°N 102.956°E / 30.284; 102.956Lushan County, Sichuan6.9 Mw19324 missing[20]
2013-07-222013 Dingxi earthquake34.5°N 104.2°E / 34.5; 104.2Min County, Gansu5.9 Mw95Magnitude M(s)6.6 according to CENC.
2013-08-312013 Yunnan earthquake28.220°N 99.343°E / 28.220; 99.343Deqen, Yunnan5.8 Mw5
2014-05-242014 Yingjiang earthquake25.0°N 97.8°E / 25.0; 97.8Yingjiang County, Yunnan5.6 Mw09,412 homes were destroyed.[21]
2014-08-032014 Ludian earthquake27.245°N 103.427°E / 27.245; 103.427Ludian County, Yunnan6.1 Mw617112 missing[22]
2017-08-08 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake 33.20°N 103.82°E / 33.20; 103.82Jiuzhaigou County, Sichuan 6.5 Mw 25 Landslides
2019-06-17 2019 Sichuan earthquake 28.405°N 104.957°E / 28.405; 104.957Changning County, Sichuan 5.8 Mw 13 20,000 houses were damaged
2020-01-19 2020 Kashgar earthquake 39.835°N 77.108°E / 39.835; 77.108 Jiashi County, Xinjiang 6.0 Mw 1 2 injured, 1,000 houses damaged
2020-05-18 2020 Qiaojia earthquake 27.266°N 103.288°E / 27.266; 103.288 Qiaojia County, Yunnan 5.1 Mw 4 24 injured, extensive damage
2021-05-21 2021 Dali earthquake 25.761°N 100.008°E / 25.761; 100.008 Dali, Yunnan 6.1 Mw 3 32 injured, 12,882 houses damaged
2021-05-22 2021 Maduo earthquake 34.586°N 98.255°E / 34.586; 98.255 Madoi, Qinghai 7.3 Mw 20 19 people injured (official), 20 dead 300 injured (unofficial)
2021-08-16 2021 Luxian earthquake 29.194°N 105.374°E / 29.194; 105.374 Lu, Sichuan 5.4 Mw 3 146 injured, 60k evacuated
2022-01-07 2022 Qinghai earthquake 37.811°N 101.275°E / 37.811; 101.275 Menyuan, Qinghai 6.6 Mw 0 Limited damage, 9 injured
2022-06-01 2022 Ya'an earthquake 30.416°N 102.989°E / 30.416; 102.989 Lushan County, Sichuan 5.9 Mw 4
2022-09-05 2022 Luding earthquake 29.726°N 102.279°E / 29.726; 102.279 Kangding, Sichuan 6.6 Mw 93 30 missing, 423 injured
Note: The inclusion criteria for adding events are based on WikiProject Earthquakes' notability guideline that was developed for stand alone articles. The principles described also apply to lists. In summary, only damaging, injurious, or deadly events should be recorded.

ML  = Richter magnitude scale
Mw  = Moment magnitude
mb  = Body wave magnitude
Ms  = Surface wave magnitude

See also

References
  1. 王瓒玮 (28 July 2016). "唐山大地震40年：从死亡人数到天灾还是人祸仍是一地鸡毛". Jiemian. Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2019. 若按唐山地区实际震亡人口统计，遇难者大致应有260000人左右；但若考虑北京、天津等其他受灾地区情况，及伤员陆续死亡、失踪者等不明信息条件，唐山大地震中死亡者数字或如民间所言，至少达到300000
  2. NGDC. "Comments for the Significant Earthquake". Retrieved 29 October 2010.
  3. Science Museums of China. "Ruins of the Hongdong Earthquake(1303)". smc.kisti.re.kr. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
  4. 徐岳仁; 何宏林; 李文巧; 张伟恒; 田勤俭 (2018). "1303 年洪洞地震宏观震中修订的新证据" [New evidences for amendment of macro-epicenter location of 1303AD Hongtong earthquake]. 地震地质. 40 (5): 948.
  5. Y-X. Hu; S-C. Liu; W. Dong (1996). Earthquake Engineering. CRC Press. p. 239. ISBN 978-0-419-20590-6.
  6. China Earthquake Administration, ed. (2008). 地震知识百问百答 [100 Q&As on Earthquakes]. 地震出版社. Archived from the original on 9 May 2009. 实则直接死于地震的只有十数万人，其余70余万人均死于瘟疫和饥荒 [Actually, direct deaths from earthquake amount to 100,000-odd, the remaining 700,000-odd died from plagues and famine]
  7. Zhou, C., Diao, G., Geng, J. et al. Fault plane parameters of Tancheng M8½ earthquake on the basis of present-day seismological data. Earthq Sci 23, 567–576 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11589-010-0756-0
  8. Schuster, R.L. and G. F. Wieczorek, "Landslide triggers and types" in Landslides: Proceedings of the First European Conference on Landslides 2002 A.A. Balkema Publishers. p.66
  9. "The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu River, southwestern China" (PDF). Retrieved 9 October 2009.
  10. 张思源 (2013). "1920年海原大地震死亡人数考析". 西夏研究 (1): 119.
  11. Magnitude 8 and Greater Earthquakes Since 1900 by USGS.gov Archived 12 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
  12. "Earthquakes with 1,000 or More Deaths since 1900". Archived from the original on 14 January 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2010. Retrieved 30 January 2016
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  14. USGS. "M 7.1 – Westren Sichuan, China". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
  15. "Major earthquakes on Chinese mainland since 1966". houston.china-consulate.org. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 17 June 2008.
  16. Zhou, H.; Allen, C. R.; Kanamori, H. (1983). "Rupture complexity of the 1970 Tonghai and 1973 Luhuo earthquakes, China, from P-wave inversion, and relationship to surface faulting" (PDF). Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 73 (4): 1585–1597. Bibcode:1983BuSSA..73.1585Z. doi:10.1785/BSSA07306A1585. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2010.
  17. "Earthquakes with 1,000 or More Deaths 1900–2014". usgs.gov. Archived from the original on 14 January 2013.
  18. Wyss, M.; Wu, Z. L. (2014). "How Many Lives Were Saved by the Evacuation Before the M7.3 Haicheng Earthquake of 1975?". Seismological Research Letters. 85 (85): 126–129. Bibcode:2014SeiRL..85..126W. doi:10.1785/0220130089.
  19. "M 5.6 - western Sichuan, China". USGS. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  20. "我省雅安市芦山县发生7.0级地震（续七）". 四川省民政厅. 21 April 2013. Archived from the original on 18 April 2014. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
  21. "12 injured in SW China quake". Shanghai Daily. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  22. "Magnitude-6.1 earthquake hits China's Yunnan province, at least 367 dead". news.com.au. 4 August 2014. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
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