List of peers 1700–1707

This page lists all peers who held extant titles between the years 1700 and 30 April 1707.

Peerage of England
Title Holder Date gained Date lost Notes
Duke of Cornwall (1337)Prince James Francis Edward16881702Attainted, whereby all his honours became forfeited
none17021714
Duke of Norfolk (1483)Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk16841701Died
Thomas Howard, 8th Duke of Norfolk17011732
Duke of Somerset (1547)Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset16781748
Duke of Cleveland (1670)Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland16701709
Duke of Portsmouth (1673)Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth16731734
Duke of Richmond (1675)Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond16751723
Duke of Southampton (1675)Charles Fitzroy, 1st Duke of Southampton16751730
Duke of Grafton (1675)Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton16901757
Duke of Ormonde (1682)James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde16821715
Duke of Beaufort (1682)Henry Somerset, 1st Duke of Beaufort16821700Died
Henry Somerset, 2nd Duke of Beaufort17001714
Duke of Northumberland (1683)George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland16831716
Duke of St Albans (1684)Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke of St Albans16841726
Duke of Cumberland (1689)Prince George, Duke of Cumberland16891708
Duke of Bolton (1689)Charles Paulet, 2nd Duke of Bolton16991722
Duke of Schomberg (1689)Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg16931719
Duke of Shrewsbury (1694)Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury16941718
Duke of Leeds (1694)Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds16941712
Duke of Bedford (1694)William Russell, 1st Duke of Bedford16941700Died
Wriothesley Russell, 2nd Duke of Bedford17001711
Duke of Devonshire (1694)William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire16941707
Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne (1694)John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne16941711
Duke of Marlborough (1702)John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough17021722New creation
Duke of Buckingham and Normanby (1703)John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby17031721New creation for the 1st Marquess of Normanby
Duke of Rutland (1703)John Manners, 1st Duke of Rutland17031711New creation
Duke of Montagu (1705)Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu17051709New creation
Duke of Cambridge (1706)Prince George, Duke of Cambridge17061727New creation
Marquess of Halifax (1682)William Savile, 2nd Marquess of Halifax16951700Died, title extinct
Marquess of Powis (1687)William Herbert, 2nd Marquess of Powis16961745
Marquess of Kent (1706)Henry Grey, 1st Marquess of Kent17061740New creation
Marquess of Lindsey (1706)Robert Bertie, 1st Marquess of Lindsey17061723New creation
Marquess of Dorchester (1706)Evelyn Pierrepont, 1st Marquess of Dorchester17061726New creation
Earl of Oxford (1142)Aubrey de Vere, 20th Earl of Oxford16321703Died,
Earl of Kent (1465)Anthony Grey, 11th Earl of Kent16511702Died
Henry Grey, 12th Earl of Kent17021740Created Marquess of Kent in 1706, see above
Earl of Derby (1485)William Stanley, 9th Earl of Derby16721702Died
James Stanley, 10th Earl of Derby17021736
Earl of Rutland (1525)John Manners, 9th Earl of Rutlan16791711Created Duke of Rutland, see above
Earl of Huntingdon (1529)Theophilus Hastings, 7th Earl of Huntingdon16561701Died
George Hastings, 8th Earl of Huntingdon17011705Died
Theophilus Hastings, 9th Earl of Huntingdon17051746
Earl of Pembroke (1551)Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke16831733
Earl of Devon (1553)William Courtenay, de jure 5th Earl of Devon16381702Died
William Courtenay, de jure 6th Earl of Devon17021735
Earl of Lincoln (1572)Henry Clinton, 7th Earl of Lincoln16931728
Earl of Suffolk (1603)Henry Howard, 5th Earl of Suffolk16911709
Earl of Dorset (1604)Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset16771706Died
Lionel Sackville, 7th Earl of Dorset17061765
Earl of Exeter (1605)John Cecil, 5th Earl of Exeter16781700Died
John Cecil, 6th Earl of Exeter17001721
Earl of Salisbury (1605)James Cecil, 5th Earl of Salisbury16941728
Earl of Bridgewater (1617)John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgewater16861701
Scroop Egerton, 4th Earl of Bridgewater17011744
Earl of Northampton (1618)George Compton, 4th Earl of Northampton16811727
Earl of Leicester (1618)Robert Sidney, 4th Earl of Leicester16981702Died
Philip Sidney, 5th Earl of Leicester17021705
John Sidney, 6th Earl of Leicester17051737
Earl of Warwick (1618)Edward Rich, 6th Earl of Warwick16751701Died
Edward Rich, 7th Earl of Warwick17021721
Earl of Denbigh (1622)Basil Feilding, 4th Earl of Denbigh16851717
Earl of Bolingbroke (1624)Paulet St John, 3rd Earl of Bolingbroke16881711
Earl of Westmorland (1624)Thomas Fane, 6th Earl of Westmorland16991736
Earl of Manchester (1626)Charles Montagu, 4th Earl of Manchester16831722
Earl of Berkshire (1626)Thomas Howard, 3rd Earl of Berkshire16791706Died
Henry Howard, 4th Earl of Berkshire17061757
Earl Rivers (1626)Richard Savage, 4th Earl Rivers16941712
Earl of Lindsey (1626)Robert Bertie, 3rd Earl of Lindsey16661701Died
Robert Bertie, 4th Earl of Lindsey17011723Created Marquess of Lindsey, see above
Earl of Peterborough (1628)Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough16971735
Earl of Stamford (1628)Thomas Grey, 2nd Earl of Stamford16731720
Earl of Winchilsea (1628)Charles Finch, 4th Earl of Winchilsea16891712
Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull (1628)Evelyn Pierrepont, 5th Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull16901726Created Marquess of Dorchester, see above
Earl of Carnarvon (1628)Charles Dormer, 2nd Earl of Carnarvon16431709
Earl of Chesterfield (1628)Philip Stanhope, 2nd Earl of Chesterfield16561714
Earl of Thanet (1628)Thomas Tufton, 6th Earl of Thanet16841729
Earl of Sunderland (1643)Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland16431702Died
Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland17021722
Earl of Scarsdale (1645)Robert Leke, 3rd Earl of Scarsdale16811707
Earl of Sandwich (1660)Edward Montagu, 3rd Earl of Sandwich16881729
Earl of Anglesey (1661)James Annesley, 3rd Earl of Anglesey16901702Died
John Annesley, 4th Earl of Anglesey17021710
Earl of Bath (1661)John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath16611701Died
Charles Granville, 2nd Earl of Bath17011701Died
William Granville, 3rd Earl of Bath17011711
Earl of Cardigan (1661)Robert Brudenell, 2nd Earl of Cardigan16631703Died
George Brudenell, 3rd Earl of Cardigan17031732
Earl of Clarendon (1661)Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon16741709
Earl of Essex (1661)Algernon Capell, 2nd Earl of Essex16831710
Earl of Carlisle (1661)Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Carlisle16921738
Earl of Ailesbury (1664)Thomas Bruce, 2nd Earl of Ailesbury16851741Earl of Elgin in the Peerage of Scotland
Earl of Burlington (1664)Charles Boyle, 2nd Earl of Burlington16981704Earl of Cork in the Peerage of Ireland; died
Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington17041753Earl of Cork in the Peerage of Ireland
Earl of Arlington (1672)Isabella Fitzroy, 2nd Countess of Arlington16851723
Earl of Shaftesbury (1672)Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury16991713
Earl of Lichfield (1674)Edward Lee, 1st Earl of Lichfield16741716
Earl of Sussex (1674)Thomas Lennard, 1st Earl of Sussex16741715
Earl of Feversham (1676)Louis de Duras, 2nd Earl of Feversham16771709
Earl of Radnor (1679)Charles Robartes, 2nd Earl of Radnor16851723
Earl of Macclesfield (1679)Charles Gerard, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield16951701Died
Fitton Gerard, 3rd Earl of Macclesfield17011702Died, title extinct
Earl of Yarmouth (1679)William Paston, 2nd Earl of Yarmouth16831732
Earl of Berkeley (1679)Charles Berkeley, 2nd Earl of Berkeley16981710
Earl of Nottingham (1681)Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham16821730
Earl of Rochester (1682)Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester16821711
Earl of Abingdon (1682)Montagu Venables-Bertie, 2nd Earl of Abingdon16991743
Earl of Gainsborough (1682)Baptist Noel, 3rd Earl of Gainsborough16901714
Earl of Plymouth (1682)Other Windsor, 2nd Earl of Plymouth16871727
Earl of Holderness (1682)Robert Darcy, 3rd Earl of Holderness16921721
Earl of Dorchester (1686)Catherine Sedley, Countess of Dorchester16861717
Earl of Derwentwater (1688)Edward Radclyffe, 2nd Earl of Derwentwater16971705
James Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Derwentwater17051716
Earl of Stafford (1688)Henry Stafford Howard, 1st Earl of Stafford16881719
Earl of Fauconberg (1689)Thomas Belasyse, 1st Earl Fauconberg16891700Died, title extinct; Viscountcy Fauconberg succeeded by nephew, see below
Earl of Marlborough (1689)John Churchill, 1st Earl of Marlborough16891722Created Duke of Marlborough, see above
Earl of Montagu (1689)Ralph Montagu, 1st Earl of Montagu16891709Created Duke of Montagu, see above
Earl of Portland (1689)William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland16891709
Earl of Torrington (1689)Arthur Herbert, 1st Earl of Torrington16891716
Earl of Warrington (1690)George Booth, 2nd Earl of Warrington16941758
Earl of Scarbrough (1690)Richard Lumley, 1st Earl of Scarbrough17211694
Earl of Bradford (1694)Francis Newport, 1st Earl of Bradford16941708
Earl of Romney (1694)Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney16941704Died, title extinct
Earl of Rochford (1695)William Nassau de Zuylestein, 1st Earl of Rochford16951708
Earl of Tankerville (1695)Ford Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville16951701Died, title extinct
Earl of Albemarle (1697)Arnold van Keppel, 1st Earl of Albemarle16971718
Earl of Coventry (1697)Thomas Coventry, 2nd Earl of Coventry16991710
Earl of Orford (1697)Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford16971727
Earl of Jersey (1697)Edward Villiers, 1st Earl of Jersey16971711
Earl of Grantham (1698)Henry de Nassau d'Auverquerque, 1st Earl of Grantham16981754
Earl of Wharton (1706)Thomas Wharton, 1st Earl of Wharton17061715New creation
Earl Poulett (1706)John Poulett, 1st Earl Poulett17061743New creation
Earl of Godolphin (1706)Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin17061712New creation
Earl of Cholmondeley (1706)Hugh Cholmondeley, 1st Earl of Cholmondeley17061725New creation
Earl of Bindon (1706)Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Bindon17061718New creation
Viscount Hereford (1550)Edward Devereux, 8th Viscount Hereford16831700Died
Price Devereux, 9th Viscount Hereford17001740
Viscount Montagu (1554)Francis Browne, 4th Viscount Montagu16821708
Viscount Saye and Sele (1624)Nathaniel Fiennes, 4th Viscount Saye and Sele16981710
Viscount Fauconberg (1643)Thomas Belasyse, 3rd Viscount Fauconberg17001718
Viscount Hatton (1682)Christopher Hatton, 1st Viscount Hatton16821706Died
William Seton Hatton, 2nd Viscount Hatton17061760
Viscount Townshend (1682)Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend16871738
Viscount Weymouth (1682)Thomas Thynne, 1st Viscount Weymouth16821714
Viscount de Longueville (1690)Henry Yelverton, 1st Viscount Longueville16901704Died
Talbot Yelverton, 2nd Viscount de Longueville17041731
Viscount Lonsdale (1690)John Lowther, 1st Viscount Lonsdale16991700Died
Richard Lowther, 2nd Viscount Lonsdale17001713
Baron FitzWalter (1295)Charles Mildmay, 18th Baron FitzWalter16791728
Baron Ferrers of Chartley (1299)Robert Shirley, 14th Baron Ferrers of Chartley16771717
Baron Dudley (1440)Edward Ward, 7th Baron Dudley16971701Died
Edward Ward, 8th Baron Dudley17011704Died
Edward Ward, 9th Baron Dudley17041731
Baron Stourton (1448)Edward Stourton, 13th Baron Stourton16851720
Baron Willoughby de Broke (1491)Richard Verney, 11th Baron Willoughby de Broke16831711
Baron Wentworth (1529)Martha Johnson, 8th Baroness Wentworth16971745
Baron Mordaunt (1532)Mary Howard, 7th Baroness Mordaunt16971705Died, Barony succeeded by the Earl of Peterborough, see above
Baron Eure (1544)Ralph Eure, 7th Baron Eure16721707Died, title extinct
Baron Wharton (1545)Thomas Wharton, 5th Baron Wharton16951715Created Earl of Wharton in 1706, see above
Baron Willoughby of Parham (1547)Henry Willoughby, de jure 12th Baron Willoughby of Parham16851722
Baron Paget (1552)William Paget, 6th Baron Paget16781713
Baron North (1554)William North, 6th Baron North16911734
Baron Howard of Effingham (1554)Thomas Howard, 6th Baron Howard of Effingham16951725
Baron Chandos (1554)James Brydges, 8th Baron Chandos16761714
Baron Hunsdon (1559)Robert Carey, 7th Baron Hunsdon16921702Died
William Ferdinand Carey, 8th Baron Hunsdon17021765
Baron De La Warr (1570)John West, 6th Baron De La Warr16871723
Baron Gerard (1603)Charles Gerard, 6th Baron Gerard16841707Died
Philip Gerard, 7th Baron Gerard17071733
Baron Petre (1603)Thomas Petre, 6th Baron Petre16841706Died
Robert Petre, 7th Baron Petre17061713
Baron Arundell of Wardour (1605)Thomas Arundell, 4th Baron Arundell of Wardour16941712
Baron Clifton (1608)Katherine O'Brien, 7th Baroness Clifton16721702Died
Katherine Hyde, 8th Baroness Clifton17021706Died
Edward Hyde, 9th Baron Clifton17061713
Baron Teynham (1616)Henry Roper, 8th Baron Teynham16991723
Baron Brooke (1621)Fulke Greville, 5th Baron Brooke16771710
Baron Grey of Warke (1624)Ralph Grey, 4th Baron Grey of Werke17011706Title previously held by the Earl of Tankerville; died, title extinct
Baron Craven (1627)William Craven, 2nd Baron Craven16971711
Baron Lovelace (1627)John Lovelace, 4th Baron Lovelace16931709
Baron Poulett (1627)John Poulett, 4th Baron Poulett16791743Created Earl Poulett, see above
Baron Maynard (1628)Banastre Maynard, 3rd Baron Maynard16991718
Baron Mohun of Okehampton (1628)Charles Mohun, 4th Baron Mohun of Okehampton16771712
Baron Herbert of Chirbury (1641)Thomas Wentworth, 3rd Baron Raby16951739
Baron Leigh (1643)Thomas Leigh, 2nd Baron Leigh16721710
Baron Jermyn (1643)Thomas Jermyn, 2nd Baron Jermyn16841703Died
Henry Jermyn, 3rd Baron Jermyn17031708
Baron Byron (1643)William Byron, 4th Baron Byron16951736
Baron Widdrington (1643)William Widdrington, 4th Baron Widdrington16951716
Baron Colepeper (1644)John Colepeper, 3rd Baron of Colepeper16891719
Baron Lucas of Shenfield (1645)Robert Lucas, 3rd Baron Lucas of Shenfield16881705Died, title extinct
Baron Rockingham (1645)Lewis Watson, 3rd Baron Rockingham16891724
Baron Lexinton (1645)Robert Sutton, 2nd Baron Lexinton16681723
Baron Langdale (1658)Marmaduke Langdale, 2nd Baron Langdale16611703Died
Marmaduke Langdale, 3rd Baron Langdale17031718
Baron Berkeley of Stratton (1658)William Berkeley, 4th Baron Berkeley of Stratton16971741
Baron Cornwallis (1661)Charles Cornwallis, 4th Baron Cornwallis16981722
Baron Crew (1661)Nathaniel Crew, 3rd Baron Crew16971721
Baron Lucas of Crudwell (1663)Mary Grey, 1st Baroness Lucas16631702Died; Title succeeded by the Earl of Kent, see above
Baron Arundell of Trerice (1664)John Arundell, 3rd Baron Arundell of Trerice16981706Died
John Arundell, 4th Baron Arundell of Trerice17061768
Baron Clifford of Chudleigh (1672)Hugh Clifford, 2nd Baron Clifford of Chudleigh16731730
Baron Belasyse of Osgodby (1674)Susan Belasyse, Baroness Belasyse16741713
Baron Willoughby of Parham (1680)Hugh Willoughby, 12th Baron Willoughby of Parham16921712
Baron Carteret (1681)John Carteret, 2nd Baron Carteret16951763
Baron Ossulston (1682)Charles Bennet, 2nd Baron Ossulston16951722
Baron Dartmouth (1682)William Legge, 2nd Baron Dartmouth16911750
Baron Stawell (1683)William Stawell, 3rd Baron Stawell16921742
Baron Guilford (1683)Francis North, 2nd Baron Guilford16851729
Baron Godolphin (1684)Sidney Godolphin, 1st Baron Godolphin16841712Created Earl of Godolphin, see above
Baron Jeffreys (1685)John Jeffreys, 2nd Baron Jeffreys16891702Died, title extinct
Baron Waldegrave (1686)James Waldegrave, 2nd Baron Waldegrave16891741
Baron Griffin (1688)Edward Griffin, 1st Baron Griffin16881710
Baron Ashburnham (1689)John Ashburnham, 1st Baron Ashburnham16891710
Baron Cholmondeley (1689)Hugh Cholmondeley, 1st Baron Cholmondeley16891725Created Earl of Cholmondeley, see above
Baron Leominster (1692)William Fermor, 1st Baron Leominster16921711
Baron Herbert of Chirbury (1694)Henry Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Chirbury16941709
Baron Abergavenny (1695)George Nevill, 13th Baron Bergavenny16951721
Baron Haversham (1696)John Thompson, 1st Baron Haversham16961710
Baron Somers (1697)John Somers, 1st Baron Somers16971716
Baron Barnard (1698)Christopher Vane, 1st Baron Barnard16981723
Baron Halifax (1700)Charles Montagu, 1st Baron Halifax17001715New creation
Baron Granville of Potheridge (1703)John Granville, 1st Baron Granville of Potheridge17031707New creation
Baron Guernsey (1703)Heneage Finch, 1st Baron Guernsey17031719New creation
Baron Gower (1703)John Leveson-Gower, 1st Baron Gower17031709New creation
Baron Conway (1703)Francis Seymour-Conway, 1st Baron Conway17031732New creation
Baron Hervey (1703)John Hervey, 1st Baron Hervey17031751New creation
Baron Cowper (1706)William Cowper, 1st Baron Cowper17061723New creation
Baron Pelham of Stanmer (1706)Thomas Pelham, 1st Baron Pelham17061712New creation

Peerage of Scotland
Title Holder Date gained Date lost Notes
Duke of Rothesay (1398)James Stuart, Duke of Rothesay16881702Attainted
Duke of Hamilton (1643)James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton16981712
Duke of Buccleuch (1663)Anne Scott, 1st Duchess of Buccleuch16631732
Duke of Lennox (1675)Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Lennox16751723
Duke of Queensberry (1684)James Douglas, 2nd Duke of Queensberry16951711
Duke of Gordon (1684)George Gordon, 1st Duke of Gordon16841716
Duke of Argyll (1701)Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll17011703New creation; died
John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll17031743
Duke of Atholl (1703)John Murray, 1st Duke of Atholl17031724New creation
Duke of Douglas (1703)Archibald Douglas, 1st Duke of Douglas17031761New creation
Duke of Montrose (1707)James Graham, 1st Duke of Montrose17071742New creation
Duke of Roxburghe (1707)John Ker, 1st Duke of Roxburghe17071741New creation
Marquess of Douglas (1633)James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas16601700Died
Archibald Douglas, 3rd Marquess of Douglas16601700Created Duke of Douglas, see above
Marquess of Montrose (1644)James Graham, 4th Marquess of Montrose16841742Created Duke of Montrose, see above
Marquess of Atholl (1676)John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl16761703Died
John Murray, 2nd Marquess of Atholl16761703Created Duke of Atholl, see above
Marquess of Tweeddale (1694)John Hay, 2nd Marquess of Tweeddale16971713
Marquess of Lothian (1701)Robert Kerr, 1st Marquess of Lothian17011703New creation; died
William Kerr, 2nd Marquess of Lothian17031722
Marquess of Annandale (1701)William Johnstone, 1st Marquess of Annandale17011721New creation
Earl of Argyll (1457)Archibald Campbell, 10th Earl of Argyll16851703Created Duke of Argyll, see above
Earl of Crawford (1398)John Lindsay, 19th Earl of Crawford16981713
Earl of Erroll (1452)John Hay, 12th Earl of Erroll16741704Died
Charles Hay, 13th Earl of Erroll17041717
Earl Marischal (1458)William Keith, 9th Earl Marischal16941712
Earl of Sutherland (1235)George Gordon, 15th Earl of Sutherland16791703Died
John Gordon, 16th Earl of Sutherland17031733
Earl of Mar (1114)John Erskine, Earl of Mar16891732
Earl of Rothes (1458)Margaret Leslie, 8th Countess of Rothes16811700Died
John Hamilton-Leslie, 9th Earl of Rothes17001722
Earl of Morton (1458)James Douglas, 11th Earl of Morton16861715
Earl of Glencairn (1488)John Cunningham, 11th Earl of Glencairn16701703Died
William Cunningham, 12th Earl of Glencairn17031734
Earl of Eglinton (1507)Alexander Montgomerie, 8th Earl of Eglinton16691701Died
Alexander Montgomerie, 9th Earl of Eglinton17011729
Earl of Cassilis (1509)John Kennedy, 7th Earl of Cassilis16681701Died
John Kennedy, 8th Earl of Cassilis17011759
Earl of Caithness (1455)John Sinclair, 8th Earl of Caithness16981705
Alexander Sinclair, 9th Earl of Caithness17051765
Earl of Buchan (1469)David Erskine, 9th Earl of Buchan16951745
Earl of Moray (1562)Alexander Stuart, 5th Earl of Moray16531701Died
Charles Stuart, 6th Earl of Moray17011735
Earl of Linlithgow (1600)James Livingston, 5th Earl of Linlithgow16951716
Earl of Winton (1600)George Seton, 4th Earl of Winton16501704Died
George Seton, 5th Earl of Winton17041716
Earl of Home (1605)Charles Home, 6th Earl of Home16871706Died
Alexander Home, 7th Earl of Home17061720
Earl of Perth (1605)James Drummond, 4th Earl of Perth16751716
Earl of Wigtown (1606)John Fleming, 6th Earl of Wigtown16811744
Earl of Abercorn (1606)Charles Hamilton, 5th Earl of Abercorn16911701Died
James Hamilton, 6th Earl of Abercorn17011734
Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1606)John Lyon, 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne16951712
Earl of Roxburghe (1616)John Ker, 5th Earl of Roxburghe16961741Create Duke of Roxburghe, see above
Earl of Kellie (1619)Alexander Erskine, 4th Earl of Kellie16771710
Earl of Haddington (1619)Thomas Hamilton, 6th Earl of Haddington16851735
Earl of Nithsdale (1620)William Maxwell, 5th Earl of Nithsdale16961716
Earl of Galloway (1623)James Stewart, 5th Earl of Galloway16941746
Earl of Seaforth (1623)Kenneth Mackenzie, 4th Earl of Seaforth16781701Died
William Mackenzie, 5th Earl of Seaforth17011716
Earl of Lauderdale (1624)John Maitland, 5th Earl of Lauderdale16951710
Earl of Lauderdale (1624)John Maitland, 5th Earl of Lauderdale16951710
Earl of Lothian (1631)Robert Kerr, 2nd Earl of Lothian16751703Created Marquess of Lothian, see above
Earl of Loudoun (1633)Hugh Campbell, 3rd Earl of Loudoun16841731
Earl of Kinnoull (1633)William Hay, 6th Earl of Kinnoull16871709
Earl of Dumfries (1633)Penelope Crichton, 4th Countess of Dumfries16941742
Earl of Stirling (1633)Henry Alexander, 5th Earl of Stirling16911739
Earl of Elgin (1633)Thomas Bruce, 3rd Earl of Elgin16851741
Earl of Southesk (1633)James Carnegie, 5th Earl of Southesk16991716
Earl of Traquair (1633)Charles Stewart, 4th Earl of Traquair16731741
Earl of Wemyss (1633)Margaret Wemyss, 3rd Countess of Wemyss16791705Died
David Wemyss, 4th Earl of Wemyss17051720
Earl of Dalhousie (1633)William Ramsay, 5th Earl of Dalhousie16961710
Earl of Findlater (1638)James Ogilvy, 3rd Earl of Findlater16581711
Earl of Airlie (1639)James Ogilvy, 2nd Earl of Airlie16651703Died
David Ogilvy, 3rd Earl of Airlie17031717
Earl of Carnwath (1639)John Dalzell, 4th Earl of Carnwath16831702Died
Robert Dalzell, 5th Earl of Carnwath16831737
Earl of Callendar (1641)James Livingston, 4th Earl of Callendar16921716
Earl of Leven (1641)David Leslie, 3rd Earl of Leven16761728
Earl of Dysart (1643)Lionel Tollemache, 3rd Earl of Dysart16981727
Earl of Panmure (1646)James Maule, 4th Earl of Panmure16861716
Earl of Selkirk (1646)Charles Douglas, 2nd Earl of Selkirk16941739
Earl of Northesk (1647)David Carnegie, 4th Earl of Northesk16881729
Earl of Kincardine (1647)Alexander Bruce, 3rd Earl of Kincardine16801705Died
Alexander Bruce, 4th Earl of Kincardine17051706Died
Robert Bruce, 5th Earl of Kincardine17061718
Earl of Balcarres (1651)Colin Lindsay, 3rd Earl of Balcarres16621722
Earl of Aboyne (1660)Charles Gordon, 2nd Earl of Aboyne16811702Died
John Gordon, 3rd Earl of Aboyne17021732
Earl of Newburgh (1660)Charles Livingston, 2nd Earl of Newburgh16701755
Earl of Annandale and Hartfell (1661)William Johnstone, 2nd Earl of Annandale and Hartfell16721721Created Marquess of Annandale, see above
Earl of Kilmarnock (1661)William Boyd, 3rd Earl of Kilmarnock16921717
Earl of Forfar (1661)Archibald Douglas, 1st Earl of Forfar16611712
Earl of Dundonald (1669)William Cochrane, 3rd Earl of Dundonald16901705Died
John Cochrane, 4th Earl of Dundonald17051720
Earl of Dumbarton (1675)George Douglas, 2nd Earl of Dumbarton16921749
Earl of Kintore (1677)John Keith, 1st Earl of Kintore16771714
Earl of Breadalbane and Holland (1677)John Campbell, 1st Earl of Breadalbane and Holland16771717
Earl of Aberdeen (1682)George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen16821720
Earl of Dunmore (1686)Charles Murray, 1st Earl of Dunmore16861710
Earl of Melville (1690)George Melville, 1st Earl of Melville16901707
Earl of Orkney (1696)George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney16961737
Earl of Tullibardine (1696)John Murray, 1st Earl of Tullibardine16961724Created Duke of Atholl, see above
Earl of Ruglen (1697)John Hamilton, 1st Earl of Ruglen16971744
Earl of March (1697)William Douglas, 1st Earl of March16971705Died
William Douglas, 2nd Earl of March17051731
Earl of Marchmont (1697)Patrick Hume, 1st Earl of Marchmont16971724
Earl of Seafield (1701)James Ogilvy, 1st Earl of Seafield17011730New creation
Earl of Hyndford (1701)John Carmichael, 1st Earl of Hyndford17011710New creation
Earl of Cromartie (1703)George Mackenzie, 1st Earl of Cromartie17031714New creation
Earl of Stair (1703)John Dalrymple, 1st Earl of Stair17031707New creation; died
John Dalrymple, 2nd Earl of Stair17071747
Earl of Rosebery (1703)Archibald Primrose, 1st Earl of Rosebery17031723New creation, also created Viscount of Rosebery in 1700
Earl of Glasgow (1703)David Boyle, 1st Earl of Glasgow17031733New creation
Earl of Portmore (1703)David Colyear, 1st Earl of Portmore17031730New creation
Earl of Bute (1703)James Stuart, 1st Earl of Bute17031710New creation
Earl of Hopetoun (1703)Charles Hope, 1st Earl of Hopetoun17031742New creation
Earl of Deloraine (1706)Henry Scott, 1st Earl of Deloraine17061730New creation
Earl of Solway (1706)Charles Douglas, 1st Earl of Solway17061778New creation
Earl of Ilay (1706)Archibald Campbell, 1st Earl of Ilay17061761New creation
Viscount of Falkland (1620)Lucius Henry Cary, 6th Viscount of Falkland16941730
Viscount of Dunbar (1620)Robert Constable, 3rd Viscount of Dunbar16681714
Viscount of Stormont (1621)David Murray, 5th Viscount of Stormont16681731
Viscount of Kenmure (1633)William Gordon, 6th Viscount of Kenmure16981715
Viscount of Arbuthnott (1641)Robert Arbuthnot, 4th Viscount of Arbuthnott16941710
Viscount of Oxfuird (1651)Robert Makgill, 2nd Viscount of Oxfuird16631706Died, title dormant until 1977
Viscount of Kingston (1651)Archibald Seton, 2nd Viscount of Kingston16911713
Viscount of Irvine (1661)Arthur Ingram, 3rd Viscount of Irvine16681702Died
Edward Machel Ingram, 4th Viscount of Irvine17021714
Viscount of Kilsyth (1661)James Livingston, 2nd Viscount of Kilsyth16611706Died
William Livingston, 3rd Viscount of Kilsyth17061716
Viscount Preston (1681)Edward Graham, 2nd Viscount Preston16951710
Viscount of Newhaven (1681)William Cheyne, 2nd Viscount Newhaven16981728
Viscount of Tarbat (1685)George Mackenzie, 1st Viscount of Tarbat16851714Created Earl of Cromartie, see above
Viscount of Strathallan (1686)William Drummond, 2nd Viscount Strathallan16881702Died
William Drummond, 3rd Viscount Strathallan17021711
Viscount of Stair (1690)John Dalrymple, 2nd Viscount of Stair16951707Created Earl of Stair, see above
Viscount of Teviot (1696)Thomas Livingston, 1st Viscount Teviot16961711
Viscount Seafield (1698)James Ogilvy, 1st Viscount Seafield16981730Created Earl of Seafield, see above
Viscount of Garnock (1703)John Lindsay-Crawford, 1st Viscount of Garnock17031708New creation
Viscount of Primrose (1703)James Primrose, 1st Viscount of Primrose17031706New creation; died
Archibald Primrose, 2nd Viscount of Primrose17061716
Lord Somerville (1430)James Somerville, 12th Lord Somerville16931709
Lord Forbes (1442)William Forbes, 12th Lord Forbes16971716
Lord Saltoun (1445)William Fraser, 12th Lord Saltoun16931715
Lord Gray (1445)Patrick Gray, 8th Lord Gray16631711
Lord Sinclair (1449)Henry St Clair, 10th Lord Sinclair16761723
Lord Oliphant (1455)Charles Oliphant, 7th Lord Oliphant16801709
Lord Cathcart (1460)Alan Cathcart, 6th Lord Cathcart16281709
Lord Lovat (1464)Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat16991746
Lord Sempill (1489)Francis Sempill, 10th Lord Sempill16951716
Lord Ross (1499)William Ross, 12th Lord Ross16821738
Lord Elphinstone (1509)John Elphinstone, 8th Lord Elphinstone16691718
Lord Torphichen (1564)James Sandilands, 7th Lord Torphichen16961753
Lord Lindores (1600)John Leslie, 4th Lord Lindores16661706Died
David Leslie, 5th Lord Lindores17061719
Lord Colville of Culross (1604)Alexander Colville, 5th Lord Colville of Culross16801717
Lord Balmerinoch (1606)John Elphinstone, 3rd Lord Balmerino16491704Died
John Elphinstone, 4th Lord Balmerino17041736
Lord Blantyre (1606)Alexander Stuart, 5th Lord Blantyre16701704Died
Walter Stuart, 6th Lord Blantyre17041713
Lord Balfour of Burleigh (1607)Robert Balfour, 4th Lord Balfour of Burleigh16881713
Lord Cranstoun (1609)William Cranstoun, 5th Lord Cranstoun16881727
Lord Dingwall (1609)James Butler, 3rd Lord Dingwall16841715
Lord Jedburgh (1622)William Ker, 5th Lord Jedburgh16921722Succeeded to the Marquessate of Lothian, see above
Lord Aston of Forfar (1627)Walter Aston, 3rd Lord Aston of Forfar16781714
Lord Fairfax of Cameron (1627)Thomas Fairfax, 5th Lord Fairfax of Cameron16881710
Lord Napier (1627)Margaret Brisbane, 5th Lady Napier16831706Died
Francis Napier, 6th Lord Napier17061773
Lord Reay (1628)George Mackay, 3rd Lord Reay16811748
Lord Cramond (1628)Henry Richardson, 3rd Lord Cramond16741701Died
William Richardson, 4th Lord Cramond17011719
Lord Forbes of Pitsligo (1633)Alexander Forbes, 4th Lord Forbes of Pitsligo16901746
Lord Kirkcudbright (1633)James Maclellan, 6th Lord Kirkcudbright16781730
Lord Fraser (1633)Charles Fraser, 4th Lord FraserAbt 16801715
Lord Forrester (1633)William Forrester, 4th Lord Forrester16811705Died
George Forrester, 5th Lord Forrester17051727
Lord Bargany (1641)William Hamilton, 3rd Lord Bargany16931712
Lord Banff (1642)George Ogilvy, 3rd Lord Banff16681713
Lord Elibank (1643)Alexander Murray, 4th Lord Elibank16871736
Lord Falconer of Halkerton (1646)David Falconer, 3rd Lord Falconer of Halkerton16841724
Lord Belhaven and Stenton (1647)John Hamilton, 2nd Lord Belhaven and Stenton16791708
Lord Carmichael (1647)John Carmichael, 2nd Lord Carmichael16721710Created Earl of Hyndford, see above
Lord Duffus (1650)James Sutherland, 2nd Lord Duffus16741705Died
Kenneth Sutherland, 3rd Lord Duffus17051734
Lord Rollo (1651)Andrew Rollo, 3rd Lord Rollo16691700Died
Robert Rollo, 4th Lord Rollo17001758
Lord Ruthven of Freeland (1650)David Ruthven, 2nd Lord Ruthven of Freeland16731701Died
Jean Ruthven, 3rd Lady Ruthven of Freeland17011722
Lord Rutherfurd (1661)Robert Rutherfurd, 4th Lord Rutherfurd16851724
Lord Bellenden (1661)John Bellenden, 2nd Lord Bellenden16711707Died
John Bellenden, 3rd Lord Bellenden17071741
Lord Nairne (1681)William Murray, 2nd Lord Nairne16831716
Lord Kinnaird (1682)Patrick Kinnaird, 2nd Lord Kinnaird16891701Died
Patrick Kinnaird, 3rd Lord Kinnaird17011715
Lord Glasford (1685)Francis Abercromby, Lord Glasford16851703Died, title extinct
Lord Boyle of Kelburn, Stewartoun, Cumbrae, Finnick, Largs and Dalry (1699)David Boyle, 1st Lord Boyle of Kelburn, Stewartoun, Cumbrae, Finnick, Largs and Dalry16991733Created Earl of Glasgow, see above
Lord Portmore and Blackness (1699)David Colyear, 1st Lord Portmore and Blackness16991730Created Earl of Portmore, see above

Peerage of Ireland
Title Holder Date gained Date lost Notes
Duke of Ormonde (1661)James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde16881715
Duke of Leinster (1691)Meinhard Schomberg, 1st Duke of Leinster16911719
Earl of Kildare (1316)John FitzGerald, 18th Earl of Kildare16641707
Earl of Waterford (1446)Charles Talbot, 12th Earl of Waterford16671718
Earl of Clanricarde (1543)Richard Burke, 8th Earl of Clanricarde16871708
Earl of Thomond (1543)Henry O'Brien, 8th Earl of Thomond16911741
Earl of Castlehaven (1616)James Tuchet, 5th Earl of Castlehaven16861700Died
James Tuchet, 6th Earl of Castlehaven17001740
Earl of Cork (1620)Charles Boyle, 3rd Earl of Cork16981703Died
Richard Boyle, 4th Earl of Cork17031753
Earl of Antrim (1620)Randal MacDonnell, 4th Earl of Antrim16991721
Earl of Westmeath (1621)Richard Nugent, 3rd Earl of Westmeath16841714
Earl of Roscommon (1622)Robert Dillon, 6th Earl of Roscommon16891715
Earl of Londonderry (1622)Robert Ridgeway, 4th Earl of Londonderry16721714
Earl of Meath (1627)Edward Brabazon, 4th Earl of Meath16851707Died
Chambre Brabazon, 5th Earl of Meath17071715
Earl of Barrymore (1628)James Barry, 4th Earl of Barrymore16991747
Earl of Carbery (1628)John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Carbery16871713
Earl of Fingall (1628)Peter Plunkett, 4th Earl of Fingall16841718
Earl of Desmond (1628)Basil Feilding, 3rd Earl of Desmond16851717
Earl of Donegall (1647)Arthur Chichester, 3rd Earl of Donegall16781706Died
Arthur Chichester, 4th Earl of Donegall17061757
Earl of Cavan (1647)Charles Lambart, 3rd Earl of Cavan16901702Died
Richard Lambart, 4th Earl of Cavan17021742
Earl of Inchiquin (1654)William O'Brien, 2nd Earl of Inchiquin16741692Died
William O'Brien, 3rd Earl of Inchiquin16921719
Earl of Orrery (1660)Lionel Boyle, 3rd Earl of Orrery16821703Died
Charles Boyle, 4th Earl of Orrery17031731
Earl of Mountrath (1660)Charles Coote, 3rd Earl of Mountrath16721709
Earl of Drogheda (1661)Henry Hamilton-Moore, 3rd Earl of Drogheda16791714
Earl of Carlingford (1661)Francis Taaffe, 3rd Earl of Carlingford16901704Died
Theobald Taaffe, 4th Earl of Carlingford17041738
Earl of Mount Alexander (1661)Hugh Montgomery, 2nd Earl of Mount Alexander16631717
Earl of Castlemaine (1661)Roger Palmer, 1st Earl of Castlemaine16611705Died, title extinct
Earl of Tyrone (1673)James Power, 3rd Earl of Tyrone16931704Died, title extinct
Earl of Longford (1677)Francis Aungier, 1st Earl of Longford16771700Died
Ambrose Aungier, 2nd Earl of Longford17001706Died, title extinct
Earl of Ranelagh (1677)Richard Jones, 1st Earl of Ranelagh16771711
Earl of Granard (1684)Arthur Forbes, 2nd Earl of Granard16951734
Earl of Limerick (1686)Thomas Dongan, 2nd Earl of Limerick16981715
Earl of Bellomont (1689)Richard Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont16831701Died
Nanfan Coote, 2nd Earl of Bellomont17011708
Earl of Athlone (1692)Godert de Ginkel, 1st Earl of Athlone16921703Died
Frederick Christiaan van Reede, 2nd Earl of Athlone17031719
Earl of Arran (1693)Charles Butler, 1st Earl of Arran16931758
Earl of Galway (1697)Henri de Massue, Earl of Galway16971720
Viscount Mountgarret (1550)Richard Butler, 5th Viscount Mountgarret16791706Died
Edmund Butler, 6th Viscount Mountgarret17061735
Viscount Grandison (1621)John Villiers, 5th Viscount Grandison16991766
Viscount Valentia (1622)James Annesley, 4th Viscount Valentia16901702Died
John Annesley, 5th Viscount Valentia17021710
Viscount Dillon (1622)Henry Dillon, 8th Viscount Dillon16901713
Viscount Loftus (1622)Arthur Loftus, 3rd Viscount Loftus16801725
Viscount Beaumont of Swords (1622)Thomas Beaumont, 3rd Viscount Beaumont of Swords16581702Died, title extinct
Viscount Netterville (1622)John Netterville, 4th Viscount Netterville16891727
Viscount Kilmorey (1625)Robert Needham, 7th Viscount Kilmorey16871710
Viscount Castleton (1627)George Saunderson, 5th Viscount Castleton16501714
Viscount Mayo (1627)Theobald Bourke, 6th Viscount Mayo16811741
Viscount Lumley (1628)Richard Lumley, 2nd Viscount Lumley16631721
Viscount Molyneux (1628)William Molyneux, 4th Viscount Molyneux16991717
Viscount Strangford (1628)Philip Smythe, 2nd Viscount Strangford16351708
Viscount Scudamore (1628)James Scudamore, 3rd Viscount Scudamore16971716
Viscount Wenman (1628)Richard Wenman, 5th Viscount Wenman16901728
Viscount FitzWilliam (1629)Thomas FitzWilliam, 4th Viscount FitzWilliam16701704Died
Richard FitzWilliam, 5th Viscount FitzWilliam17041743
Viscount Fairfax of Emley (1629)Charles Fairfax, 5th Viscount Fairfax of Emley16511711
Viscount Ikerrin (1629)Pierce Butler, 4th Viscount Ikerrin16881711
Viscount Cullen (1642)Charles Cokayne, 4th Viscount Cullen16871716
Viscount Carrington (1643)Francis Smith, 2nd Viscount Carrington16651701Died
Charles Smith, 3rd Viscount Carrington17011706Died, title extinct
Viscount Tracy (1643)William Tracy, 4th Viscount Tracy16871712
Viscount Bulkeley (1644)Richard Bulkeley, 3rd Viscount Bulkeley16881704Died
Richard Bulkeley, 4th Viscount Bulkeley17041724
Viscount Barnewall (1646)Nicholas Barnewall, 3rd Viscount Barnewall16881725
Viscount Massereene (1660)Clotworthy Skeffington, 3rd Viscount Massereene16951714
Viscount Shannon (1660)Richard Boyle, 2nd Viscount Shannon16991740
Viscount Fanshawe (1661)Charles Fanshawe, 4th Viscount Fanshawe16871710
Viscount Cholmondeley (1661)Hugh Cholmondeley, 2nd Viscount Cholmondeley16811725Created Earl of Cholmondeley, see above
Viscount Dungannon (1662)Marcus Trevor, 3rd Viscount Dungannon16931706Died, title extinct
Viscount Fitzhardinge (1663)John Berkeley, 4th Viscount Fitzhardinge16901712
Viscount Charlemont (1665)William Caulfeild, 2nd Viscount Charlemont16711726
Viscount Powerscourt (1665)Folliott Wingfield, 1st Viscount Powerscourt16651717
Viscount Blesington (1673)Murrough Boyle, 1st Viscount Blesington16731718
Viscount Lanesborough (1676)James Lane, 2nd Viscount Lanesborough16831724
Viscount Downe (1680)Henry Dawnay, 2nd Viscount Downe16951741
Viscount Rosse (1681)Richard Parsons, 1st Viscount Rosse16811703Died
Richard Parsons, 2nd Viscount Rosse17031741
Viscount Mountjoy (1683)William Stewart, 2nd Viscount Mountjoy16921728
Viscount Lisburne (1695)John Vaughan, 1st Viscount Lisburne16951721
Viscount Windsor (1699)Thomas Windsor, 1st Viscount Windsor16991738
Viscount Howe (1701)Scrope Howe, 1st Viscount Howe17011713New creation
Viscount Fermanagh (1703)John Verney, 1st Viscount Fermanagh17031717New creation
Viscount Doneraile (1703)Arthur St Leger, 1st Viscount Doneraile17031727New creation
Viscount Mount Cashell (1706)Paul Davys, 1st Viscount Mount Cashell17061716New creation
Baron Athenry (1172)Edward Bermingham, 13th Baron Athenry16771709
Baron Kingsale (1223)Almericus de Courcy, 23rd Baron Kingsale16691720
Baron Kerry (1223)Thomas Fitzmaurice, 21st Baron Kerry16971741
Baron Howth (1425)Thomas St Lawrence, 13th Baron Howth16711727
Baron Trimlestown (1461)John Barnewall, 11th Baron Trimlestown16921746
Baron Dunsany (1462)Randall Plunkett, 11th Baron of Dunsany16901735
Baron Dunboyne (1541)James Butler, 6th/16th Baron Dunboyne16901701Died
Pierce Butler, 7th/17th Baron Dunboyne17011718
Baron Cahir (1583)Theobald Butler, 5th Baron Cahir16761700Died
Thomas Butler, 6th Baron Cahir17001744
Baron Hamilton (1617)Charles Hamilton, 6th Baron Hamilton of Strabane16921701Died
James Hamilton, 7th Baron Hamilton of Strabane16921701
Baron Folliot (1620)Henry Folliott, 3rd Baron Folliott16971716
Baron Maynard (1620)Banastre Maynard, 3rd Baron Maynard16991718
Baron Gorges of Dundalk (1620)Richard Gorges, 2nd Baron Gorges of Dundalk16501712
Baron Digby (1620)William Digby, 5th Baron Digby16851752
Baron Fitzwilliam (1620)William Fitzwilliam, 3rd Baron Fitzwilliam16581719
Baron Blayney (1621)William Blayney, 6th Baron Blayney16891705Died
Cadwallader Blayney, 7th Baron Blayney17051732
Baron Brereton (1624)John Brereton, 4th Baron Brereton16801718
Baron Baltimore (1625)Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore16751715
Baron Coleraine (1625)Henry Hare, 2nd Baron Coleraine16671708
Baron Sherard (1627)Bennet Sherard, 2nd Baron Sherard16401700
Bennet Sherard, 3rd Baron Sherard17001732
Baron Alington (1642)Hildebrand Alington, 5th Baron Alington16911723
Baron Hawley (1646)Francis Hawley, 2nd Baron Hawley16841743
Baron Kingston (1660)John King, 3rd Baron Kingston16931728
Baron Barry of Santry (1661)Henry Barry, 3rd Baron Barry of Santry16941734
Baron Altham (1681)James George Annesley, 2nd Baron Altham16991700Died
Richard Annesley, 3rd Baron Altham17001701Died
Arthur Annesley, 4th Baron Altham17011728
Baron Bellew of Duleek (1686)Richard Bellew, 3rd Baron Bellew of Duleek16941715
Baron Shelburne (1688)Elizabeth Petty, Baroness Shelburne16881708
Baron Cutts of Gowran (1690)John Cutts, 1st Baron Cutts16901707Died, title extinct
Baron Coningsby (1692)Thomas Coningsby, 1st Baron Coningsby16921729
Baron Shelburne (1699)Henry Petty, 1st Baron Shelburne16991751
Baron Pierrepont (1702)Gervase Pierrepont, 1st Baron Pierrepont17021715New creation
Baron Tyrawley (1706)Charles O'Hara, 1st Baron Tyrawley17061724New creation

References
    • Cokayne, George Edward, ed. (1887). Complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct or dormant. Vol. 1–8 (1st ed.). London: George Bell & Sons.
    • Cracroft-Brennan, Patrick. "Cracroft's Peerage" (web). Heraldic Media Limited. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
    This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.