List of sinkholes
The following is a list of sinkholes, blue holes, dolines, crown holes, cenotes, and pit caves. A sinkhole is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer. Some are caused by karst processes—for example, the chemical dissolution of carbonate rocks[1] or suffosion processes.[2] Sinkholes can vary in size from 1 to 600 m (3 to 2,000 ft) both in diameter and depth, and vary in form from soil-lined bowls to bedrock-edged chasms. Sinkholes may form gradually or suddenly, and are found worldwide.[3]
21st century sinkholes
- 2007 Guatemala City sinkhole – a 100 m (330 ft) deep sinkhole which formed in Guatemala City in 2007, due to sewage pipe ruptures.
- 2010 Guatemala City sinkhole – a disaster in which an area approximately 20 m (65 ft) across and 90 m (300 ft) deep collapsed in Guatemala City, swallowing a three-story factory.
- 2012 Ottawa sinkhole – Regional Road 174 at the Jeanne D'Arc interchange on September 4, 2012.
- 2014 Ottawa sinkhole – at the LRT tunnelling site at Waller Street, just south of Laurier Avenue on February 21, 2014.
- 2014 National Corvette Museum sinkhole – a sinkhole at 350 Corvette Drive, Bowling Green, Kentucky.
- 2016 Ottawa sinkhole – Rideau Street was closed to all traffic from June 8 to July 2, 2016 after it collapsed above excavations being made for the Rideau station of the Confederation Line.
- 2016 Florence sinkhole – a sinkhole, thought to have been caused by a bursting of a water pipe, opened up a 200 m (660 ft) hole on the Arno river bank in Florence.
- 2016 Ruijin sinkhole – four cars fell into a sinkhole in Ruijin City.
- 2018 Surabaya City sinkhole - a 30 m (98 ft) wide and 15 m (49 ft) deep sinkhole opened up on Gubeng Road in Surabaya during construction work on December 18, 2018.
- 2022 Tierra Amarilla sinkhole - a 25 m (80 ft) wide and more than 200 m (700 ft) deep sinkhole appeared in the commune of Tierra Amarilla, Atacama region of Chile close to the Alcaparrosa copper mine on August 1, 2022. The sinkhole continued to grow and stretched 50 m (200 ft) in diameter on August 8.[4]
Sinkholes of Australia
The Grotto, Victoria is a sinkhole geological formation and tourist attraction, found on the Great Ocean Road outside Port Campbell in Victoria, Australia
- Ewens Ponds – series of three water-filled limestone sinkholes on Eight Mile Creek 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of Mount Gambier and 8.4 km (5+1⁄4 mi) east of Port Macdonnell, South Australia.
- Fossil Cave - a karst sinkhole in South Australia.
- Kilsby sinkhole – in Mount Gambier, Southern Australia.
- Koonalda Cave – a cave located in Nullarbor Plain within South Australia.
- Little Blue Lake – water-filled doline located near Mount Schank in South Australia.
- Numby Numby – a sinkhole located 25 to 30 kilometres (16 to 19 mi) west-northwest of Borroloola in the Northern Territory of Australia.
- Piccaninnie Ponds Conservation Park
- The Grotto, Victoria – a sinkhole geological formation and tourist attraction, found on the Great Ocean Road outside Port Campbell in Victoria, Australia.
Sinkholes of Brazil
- Buraco das Araras (Goiás) – one of the largest quartzitic caves located in the State of Goiás, Brazil. Considered one of the largest sinkholes (dolinas) in the world
- Gruta do Centenário – a cave located in the municipality of Mariana, Brazil, the largest and deepest quartzite cave in the world, and second in the country in terms of unevenness
- Lapa Terra Ronca – a dolomitic limestone cave inside the area of the Terra Ronca State Park in Brazil
Sinkholes of China
- Dragon Hole - the deepest underwater sinkhole (blue hole), located in the Drummond Island reef of the Paracel Islands (also known as the Xisha Islands) in the South China Sea. It is worth noting the Paracel Islands are disputed territory, claimed by the Peoples Republic of China, Republic of China (Taiwan), and Vietnam.
- Xiaozhai Tiankeng - the deepest sinkhole in the world (over 650 meters), located in Fenjie Count of Chongqing Municipality.
Sinkholes of Croatia
Sinkholes of the Czech Republic
- Hranice Abyss – the deepest abyss in the Czech Republic, located near the town of Hranice (Přerov District)
- Macocha Gorge – a sinkhole in the Moravian Karst cave system of the Czech Republic
- Punkva Caves – a cave system of the Czech Republic located north of the city of Brno, near the town of Blansko
Sinkholes of Germany
- Bullenkuhle – marshy lake in the extreme north of the district of Gifhorn in the north German state of Lower Saxony which has been formed into a sinkhole
- Danube Sinkhole – incipient underground stream capture in the Upper Danube Nature Park
Sinkholes of Italy
- Gurio Lamanna - a flat, wide and shallow karst doline shaped like a coat of arms and very close to Pulicchio di Gravina and Tre Paduli.
- Lago di Doberdò – a sinkhole in the Province of Gorizia, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy
- Pozzo del Merro – a flooded sinkhole in the countryside northeast of Rome, Italy
- Pulo di Altamura - a karst doline close to the city of Altamura containing some caves, where Saint William of Montevergine (1085-1142) reportedly lived as a hermit for a certain period.
- Pulo di Molfetta
- Pulicchio di Gravina - an egg-shaped forested karst doline located in the territory of Gravina in Puglia and very close to Gurio Lamanna and Tre Paduli.
Sinkholes of Mexico
- Cave of Swallows – an open air pit cave in the Municipality of Aquismón, San Luis Potosí
- Dzibilchaltun – a Maya archaeological site in the Mexican state of Yucatán, approximately 16 kilometers (10 miles) north of state capital Mérida
- Ik Kil – a cenote outside Pisté in the Tinúm Municipality, Yucatán
- Sacred Cenote – a cenote at the pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site of Chichen Itza, in the northern Yucatán Peninsula
- Sima de las Cotorras – a giant circular sinkhole in the karst plateau of the Mexican state of Chiapas
- Sistema Dos Ojos – a flooded cave system located north of Tulum, on the Caribbean coast of the Yucatán Peninsula, in the state of Quintana Roo
- Sistema Sac Actun – an underwater cave system situated along the Caribbean coast of the Yucatán Peninsula with passages to the north and west of the village of Tulum, in the state of Quintana Roo
- Zacatón – a thermal water filled sinkhole belonging to the Zacatón system - a group of unusual karst features located in Aldama Municipality near the Sierra de Tamaulipas in the northeastern state of Tamaulipas
Sinkholes of Namibia
- Lake Guinas – a sinkhole lake, created by a collapsing karst cave, located 38 km (23+1⁄2 mi) west of Tsumeb, Namibia
- Otjikoto Lake – a sinkhole lake that was created by a collapsing karst cave in Namibia
Sinkholes of South Africa
- Blyvooruitzicht sinkholes - ancient sinkhole in South Africa
- Boesmansgat – in South Africa; believed to be the sixth-deepest submerged freshwater cave (or sinkhole) in the world
Sinkholes of Turkey
A view of the Akhayat sinkhole
- Akhayat sinkhole – sinkhole in Mersin Province, Turkey
- Cennet and Cehennem – two large sinkholes in the Taurus Mountains, in Mersin Province
- Egma Sinkhole – sinkhole and the deepest cave in Turkey
- Kanlıdivane – ancient city situated around a big sinkhole in Mersin Province
Sinkholes of the United States
- 2014 National Corvette Museum sinkhole – a sinkhole at 350 Corvette Drive, Bowling Green, Kentucky
- Amberjack Hole - a blue hole located 48 km (30 mi) off the coast of Sarasota, Florida.
- Bayou Corne sinkhole – created from a collapsed underground salt dome cavern operated by Texas Brine Company and owned by Occidental Petroleum, discovered on August 3, 2012, and 350 nearby residents were advised to evacuate
- Bering Sinkhole – natural limestone sinkhole in Texas used for prehistoric burials[5]
- Big Basin Prairie Preserve St. Jacob's Well, Kansas, a water-filled sinkhole which lies in the Little Basin, and the Big Basin, a 1.5-kilometre-wide (1 mi) crater-like depression
- Blue Hole (Castalia) – a fresh water pond located in Castalia, Erie County, Ohio
- Blue Hole (New Mexico) – circular, bell-shaped pool east of Santa Rosa, New Mexico
- Bottomless Lakes State Park Lazy Lagoon lake, New Mexico, made up of three separate sinkholes
- Cedar Sink – a vertical-walled large depression, Kentucky.
- Daisetta, Texas – sits on a salt dome, in 1969, 1981, and again in 2008, sinkholes formed in the area
- Deep Lake (Florida) – a natural sinkhole in Big Cypress National Preserve in Florida
- Deep Run Ponds Natural Area Preserve – contains one of the largest remaining systems of Shenandoah Valley sinkhole ponds in the Commonwealth of Virginia
- Devil's Den Cave - a karst window over an underground river near Williston, Florida
- Devil's Millhopper Geological State Park - located in Gainesville, Florida
- Devil's Sinkhole State Natural Area – a natural bat habitat near the city of Rocksprings in Edwards County in Texas
- Grassy Cove – an enclosed valley in Cumberland County, Tennessee notable for its karst formations
- Green Banana Hole - a blue hole located 80 km (50 mi) off the coast of Sarasota, Florida.
- Kingsley Lake – a lake is thought to have formed as a sinkhole North Central Florida, about 10 km (6 mi) east of Starke, Florida
- Lake Eola Park – Lake Eola is a sinkhole located in Downtown Orlando, Florida
- Lake Peigneur – was originally a shallow freshwater body in Louisiana, until a man-made disaster on November 20, 1980 changed its structure, affecting the surrounding land and making it a brackish water lake
- Little Salt Spring – a feature of the karst topography of Florida
- Makauwahi Cave - the largest limestone cave found in Kauai, Hawaii
- Marvel Cave – a National Natural Landmark located just west of Branson, Missouri, on top of Roark Mountain in Stone County
- Montezuma Well – a natural limestone sinkhole near the town of Rimrock, Arizona
- Mount Joy Pond Natural Area Preserve – a large sinkhole pond located in Augusta County, Virginia
- NR-1 Sinkhole - an underwater sinkhole first located by the NR-1 submarine; located southwest of Key West, Florida
- Peter Sinks – a natural sinkhole in northern Utah, one of the coldest places in the contiguous United States
- Pipe Creek Sinkhole – near Swayzee in Grant County, Indiana, important paleontological site
- The Inkpot – 27 meter sinkhole located at the Salt Creek Wilderness Area north of Roswell, New Mexico
- Trout Pond – a sinkhole that filled with water near Wardensville in Hardy County, West Virginia
Sinkholes of Venezuela
Other locations
Dean's Blue Hole is the world's second deepest known salt water blue hole with an entrance below the sea level.
- Biržai Regional Park – a park in northern Lithuania established in 1992 to preserve a distinctive karst landscape
- Blue Hole (Red Sea) – a submarine sinkhole around 94 m (308 feet) deep in east Sinai, a few kilometres north of Dahab, Egypt on the coast of the Red Sea.
- Dead Sea sinkholes
- Dean's Blue Hole – the world's second deepest known salt water blue hole with an entrance below the sea level; in the Bahamas
- Dersios sinkhole – a sinkhole in Arcadia, Greece
- Devil's Hole, Bermuda – a large water-filled sinkhole, close to the southeastern corner of Harrington Sound, Bermuda
- Great Blue Hole – a giant submarine sinkhole off the coast of Belize
- Harwoods Hole – cave system located in the northwest of the South Island of New Zealand, New Zealand's deepest vertical shaft
- Hutchinson's Hole – a large sinkhole (located in Saint Ann in northern Jamaica), used by a serial killer to dispose of bodies
- Playa de Gulpiyuri – a flooded sinkhole with an inland beach located near Llanes, Spain
- Voulismeno aloni - Crete
See also
References
- Lard, L., Paull, C., & Hobson, B. (1995). "Genesis of a submarine sinkhole without subaerial exposure". Geology. 23 (10): 949–951. Bibcode:1995Geo....23..949L. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0949:GOASSW>2.3.CO;2.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - "Caves and karst – dolines and sinkholes". British Geological Survey.
- Kohl, Martin (2001). "Subsidence and sinkholes in East Tennessee. A field guide to holes in the ground" (PDF). State of Tennessee. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
- "Chile sinkhole grows large enough to swallow France's Arc de Triomphe". Reuters. 2022-08-08. Retrieved 2022-08-11.
- Graves, Russell A. (January 2008). "When the Earth Opens". Texas Parks & Wildlife Magazine. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
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