List of white dwarfs

This is a list of exceptional white dwarf stars.

Firsts

These were the first white dwarfs discovered fitting these conditions

Title Star Date Data Comments Notes Refs
First discovered Sirius B 1852 Sirius system Sirius B is also the nearest white dwarf (as of 2005) [1][2]
First found in a binary star system
First double white dwarf system LDS 275 1944 L 462-56 system [3]
First solitary white dwarf Van Maanen 2 1917 Van Maanen's star is also the nearest solitary white dwarf [4]
First white dwarf in a planetary system
First white dwarf with a planet WD B1620−26 2003 PSR B1620-26 b (planet) This planet is a circumbinary planet, which circles both stars in the PSR B1620-26 system [5][6]
First singular white dwarf with a planet WD 1145+017 2015 WD 1145+017 b Planet is extremely small and is disintegrating.
First white dwarf that is a pulsar AR Scorpii A 2016 The star is in a binary system with a red dwarf [7]

Extremes

These are the white dwarfs which are currently known to fit these conditions

Title Star Date Data Comments Notes Refs
Nearest Sirius 1852 8.6 ly (2.6 pc) Sirius B is also the second white dwarf discovered.
See also: § Nearest
 [1][2]
Farthest SN UDS10Wil progenitor 2013 10,000,000,000 ly z=1.914 SN Wilson is a type-Ia supernova whose progenitor was a white dwarf [8][9][10]
Oldest WD 0343+247
SDSS J110217.48+411315.4		 2012 12 Gy (tied)
Youngest SDSS J0003+0718 2011 < 13 My provisional estimate
Highest surface temperature RX J0439.8−6809 2015 250,000 K (250,000 °C; 450,000 °F) This star is located in the Milky Way's galactic halo, in the field of the Large Magellanic Cloud [11][12]
Lowest surface temperature LSPM J1403+4533 2010 2,670 K (2,400 °C; 4,350 °F) Quite a large margin of error (1,500 K (1,230 °C; 2,240 °F)) [13]
Most luminous Z Andromedae B 1,500 - 9,800 L☉ [14]
Least luminous PSR J2222-0137 B 2014 too dim to observe
Brightest apparent Sirius 1852 8.44 (V)
Dimmest apparent PSR J2222-0137 B 2014 too dim to observe
Most massive (contender) RE J0317-853 1998 1.35 M☉
Most massive (contender) ZTF J1901+1458[15] 2020 1.35 M☉
Least massive SDSS J091709.55+463821.8 2007 0.17 M☉
Largest Z Andromedae B 0.265±0.095 R☉
Smallest HD 49798 2021 0.0023 R☉ [16]

Nearest
10 nearest white dwarfs
Star Distance Comments Notes Refs
Sirius B 8.58 ly (2.63 pc) Sirius B is also the second white dwarf discovered. It is part of the Sirius system. [1][2][17][18]
Procyon B 11.43 ly (3.50 pc) Part of Procyon system [17][18]
van Maanen's Star 14.04 ly (4.30 pc) [17][18]
GJ 440 15.09 ly (4.63 pc) [17]
40 Eridani B 16.25 ly (4.98 pc) Part of 40 Eridani system [17][18]
Stein 2051 B 18.06 ly (5.54 pc) Part of Stein 2051 system [17][18]
LP 44-113 20.0 ly (6.1 pc) [18]
G 99-44 20.9 ly (6.4 pc) [18]
L 97-12 25.8 ly (7.9 pc) [18]
Wolf 489 26.7 ly (8.2 pc) [18]

Other notable white dwarfs
  • SDSS J1228+1040, a white dwarf with a disk of debris.
  • ZTF J203349.8+322901.1, a white dwarf with one side made up of hydrogen and the other of helium, nicknamed Janus[19][20]

    References
    1. Atlas of the Universe, "The Universe within 12.5 Light Years: The Nearest Stars", Richard Powell, 30 July 2006 (accessed 2010-11-01)
    2. BBC News, "Hubble finds mass of white dwarf", Christine McGourty, 14 December 2005 (accessed 2010-11-01)
    3. W. J. Luyten (September 1944). "Note on the Double White Dwarf L 462-56 = LDS 275". Astrophysical Journal. 100: 202. Bibcode:1944ApJ...100..202L. doi:10.1086/144658.
    4. Schatzman, Évry (1958), White Dwarfs, North Holland Publishing Company, p. 2.
    5. Steinn Sigurdsson; Harvey B. Richer; Brad M. Hansen; Ingrid H. Stairs; Stephen E. Thorsett (July 2003). "A Young White Dwarf Companion to Pulsar B1620-26: Evidence for Early Planet Formation". Science. 301 (5630): 193–196. arXiv:astro-ph/0307339. Bibcode:2003Sci...301..193S. doi:10.1126/science.1086326. PMID 12855802. S2CID 39446560.
    6. "Looking for planets around white dwarfs". Professor Astronomy. 20 August 2010.
    7. Hambsch, Franz-Josef. "Amateurs Help Discover Pulsing White Dwarf". Sky and Telescope.
    8. Jason Major (5 April 2013). "Hubble Spots the Most Distant Supernova Ever". Discovery Channel.
    9. "CANDELS Finds the Most Distant Type Ia Supernova Yet Observed". Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). 23 April 2013.
    10. David O. Jones; Steven A. Rodney; Adam G. Riess; Bahram Mobasher; Tomas Dahlen; Curtis McCully; Teddy F. Frederiksen; Stefano Casertano; Jens Hjorth; Charles R. Keeton; Anton Koekemoer; Louis-Gregory Strolger; Tommy G. Wiklind; Peter Challis; Or Graur; Brian Hayden; Brandon Patel; Benjamin J. Weiner; Alexei V. Filippenko; Peter Garnavich; Saurabh W. Jha; Robert P. Kirshner; Henry C. Ferguson; Norman A. Grogin; Dale Kocevski (2 April 2013). "The Discovery of the Most Distant Known Type Ia Supernova at Redshift 1.914". The Astrophysical Journal (published May 2013). 768 (2): 166. arXiv:1304.0768. Bibcode:2013ApJ...768..166J. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/166. S2CID 118890248. 166.
    11. Universitaet Tübingen (24 November 2015). "The hottest white dwarf in the Galaxy". Science Daily.
    12. K. Werner; T. Rauch (29 September 2015). "Analysis of HST/COS spectra of the bare C–O stellar core H1504+65 and a high-velocity twin in the Galactic halo". Astronomy and Astrophysics (published December 2015). 584: A19. arXiv:1509.08942. Bibcode:2015A&A...584A..19W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527261. S2CID 118458007. A19.
    13. Kilic, Mukremin; Leggett, S. K.; Tremblay, P. -E.; von Hippel, Ted; Bergeron, P.; Harris, Hugh C.; Munn, Jeffrey A.; Williams, Kurtis A.; Gates, Evalyn; Farihi, J. (2010-09-01). "A Detailed Model Atmosphere Analysis of Cool White Dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 190 (1): 77–99. arXiv:1007.2859. Bibcode:2010ApJS..190...77K. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/190/1/77. hdl:2152/43067. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 4571557.
    14. Sokoloski, J. L.; Kenyon, S. J.; Espey, B. R.; Keyes, Charles D.; McCandliss, S. R.; Kong, A. K. H.; Aufdenberg, J. P.; Filippenko, A. V.; Li, W.; Brocksopp, C.; Kaiser, Christian R.; Charles, P. A.; Rupen, M. P.; Stone, R. P. S. (2006-01-10). "A "Combination Nova" Outburst in Z Andromedae: Nuclear Shell Burning Triggered by a Disk Instability". The Astrophysical Journal. 636 (2): 1002–1019. arXiv:astro-ph/0509638. Bibcode:2006ApJ...636.1002S. doi:10.1086/498206. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 8941207.
    15. "A White Dwarf Living on the Edge". California Institute of Technology. 2021-06-30. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
    16. "New X-ray observations of the hot subdwarf binary HD 49798/RX J0648.0–4418". academic.oup.com. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
    17. David Taylor (2012). "White Dwarf Stars Near The Earth" (PDF). The Life and Death of Stars. Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences - Northwestern University.
    18. "White dwarfs within 10 parsecs". Sol Station. 2011.
    19. Caiazzo, Ilaria; Burdge, Kevin B.; Tremblay, Pier-Emmanuel; Fuller, James; Ferrario, Lilia; Gänsicke, Boris T.; Hermes, J. J.; Heyl, Jeremy; Kawka, Adela; Kulkarni, S. R.; Marsh, Thomas R.; Mróz, Przemek; Prince, Thomas A.; Richer, Harvey B.; Rodriguez, Antonio C. (2023-07-19). "A rotating white dwarf shows different compositions on its opposite faces". Nature: 1–6. arXiv:2308.07430. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06171-9. ISSN 1476-4687.
    20. "Two-Faced Star Exposed". California Institute of Technology. 2023-07-19. Retrieved 2023-07-31.

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