Lummi dialect

Lummi (Xwlemi Chosen, IPA: [xʷləmi tʃɔsən]) is a dialect of the North Straits Salish language traditionally spoken by the Lummi people of northwest Washington, in the United States. Although traditionally referred to as a language, it is mutually intelligible with the other dialects of North Straits.

Lummi
Xwlemi
RegionPacific Northwest
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
Glottologlumm1243

Lummi language is still spoken on the Lummi reservation and is taught at Ferndale High School,[1] Lummi Nation School, Vista Middle School, Horizon Middle School, Skyline and Eagleridge Elementary Schools,[2] and the Northwest Indian College.

Phonology
Consonants
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
central sibilant lateral plain lab. plain lab.
Plosive/
Affricate		 plain p t ts tʃ kʷ q qʷ ʔ
ejective pʼ tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʷʼ qʼ qʷʼ
Fricative s ɬ ʃ xʷ χ χʷ h
Sonorant plain m n l j ŋ w
glottalized ˀm ˀn ˀj ˀŋ ˀw
  • /ts/ phonemically occurs only rarely within vocabulary.[3]
Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid/Open æ ə ɔ
  • Vowel sounds /æ, ɔ/ may also be heard as more mid or open as [ɛ, ɒ].[4]

References
  1. Ferndale Native American Education
  2. "Native American Education - Ferndale School District".
  3. Charles, Al; Demers, Richard A.; Bowman, Elizabeth (1978). Introduction to the Lummi language.
  4. Montler, Timothy (1999). Language and Dialect Variation in Straits Salishan. Anthropological Linguistics Vol. 41, No. 4 (Winter, 1999): Indiana University. pp. 462–502.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)

Further reading


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