Trams in Munich

The tram system uses five types of tram:

• The Class P tram is a two-section high-floor articulated tram carried on two four-wheeled trucks, usually operating with a similar articulated trailer tram. They were built by Rathgeber between 1967 and 1969. One two-car set carries 315 passengers, with 151 seated. As of 2011, six sets remained in service, of which two are reserved for special services. The Class P tram was withdrawn in November 2014 for a short time.[11]
• The Class R2 tram is a three-section 100% low-floor articulated tram carried on six axles. The trams were built by Adtranz to their GT6N design between 1994 and 1997. Each tram has a capacity of 157 passengers, of whom 58 are seated. As of 2011, 68 trams are in service, operating on all lines.[12]
• The Class R3 tram is a four-section 100% low-floor articulated tram carried on eight axles. The trams were built by Adtranz to their GT8N2 design between 1999 and 2001. Each tram has a capacity of 218 passengers, of whom 67 are seated. As of 2011, 20 trams are in service, operating on lines 17, 19, 20, 21, 27, and also 25 on school holidays and weekend.[13]
• The Class S tram is a five-section 100% low-floor articulated tram carried on six axles. The trams were built by Stadler to their Variobahn design. They have a capacity of 221 passengers, of whom 75 are seated. Four trams of this design were delivered in 2011, and a further 10 are on order, with delivery expected in 2011.[14][15]
• The Class T trams are 100% low-floor articulated trams with two-, three- or four sections. They were built by Siemens to their Avenio design. The first tram was delivered to Munich in November 2012.[16] The first Avenios entered service on 17 September 2014 on line 19.[17]

A number of older trams are still owned by the MVG. Some are exhibited in the MVG Museum, and may occasionally be seen on special services. Other Munich trams are displayed in the 'Verkehrszentrum' (Transport Centre) of the Deutsches Museum in Munich.

The first four M1.62 trams and two m1.62 trailers were delivered by Rathgeber and Westwaggon in 1949 and 1950.[18] Based on the experience with the M1.62, eight M2.63 trams were delivered from 1951 to 1953. These trams had a different door arrangement than its predecessor.[18] Additionly, eight m2.65 trailers were delivered by Rathgeber and Westwaggon in 1951 and 1952.[18] From 1953 to 1955, 100 type M3.64 trams were built by Rathgeber.[18] From 1956 to 1959, 98 more M4.65 trams were delivered, and from 1963 to 1965, 75 M5.65 trams were delivered.[18] The M tram fleet also had a total of 191 m3 and m4 trailers.[18] In 1975, the entire type M2 fleet was withdrawn due to the reduction of the tram network. The last day of regular services with type M trams was on 7 December 1998.

• 
  Two Class M trams in August 1974
• 
  M5.65 in Bucharest, rebuilt as a service tram

Two experimental articulated trams, designated as P1.65, were built by Rathgeber in 1959 and 1960. Since two conductors were required for them, the P1.65 were too uneconomical and no further sets were ordered.[18] In 1965, two prototype articulated trams were delivered by Rathgeber,[18] built under license from Hansa Waggonbau of Bremen. They were designated as P2.12 and P2.13. After the prototypes proved successful, between 1966 and 1968 a total of 42 P3.16 trams were built.[18] A total of 40 p2.14, p2.15 and p3.17 trailers were built by Rathgeber between 1964 and 1968.[18] The type P2 trams were decommissioned in 1982 (motored cars) and 1989 (trailers). Since the 1990s, after delivery of the successor type R3.3, the P3 trains are retired. Between 2001 and 2003, many cars were sold to Romania for use on the Timişoara tram system and the Bucharest tram system. Other trains were scrapped or given to private interested parties. After temporarily only one car had been used in regular service, six P3.16 cars and five trailers were in regular use again in mid-2014. One motor-car was preserved as an inoperable exhibit at the MVG Museum. It was disassembled as a spare parts donor in early 2016.

• 
  P1.65 at the Hanover tramway museum in 1996
• 
  P3.16 in Munich
• 
  2009 at the MVG Museum in March 2012
• 
  Class P tram in Timișoara in 2007
• 
  P3.16 in Bucharest in October 2017

Three prototypes of a three-section low-floor tram of the Adtranz low floor design were ordered for evaluation. The three cars were delivered 1990/91 and formed the R1.1. series. The cars had two joints and three self-supporting steel car bodies. The three R1.1 cars are no longer part of MVG's fleet since they were returned to the manufacturer. Between 1994 and 1997, a total of 70 three-section low-floor trams were procured, designated as R2.2 series. Towards the end of the 1990s, additional low-floor vehicles with a higher capacity than the R2.2 series were purchased. 20 R3.3 series trams were delivered between 1999 and 2001. Although the R3.3 is based directly on the R2.2, it features a different front design and more doors. Since 2010, around 50 R2.2 trains have been refurbished by a subsidiary of Leipziger Verkehrsbetriebe.

• 
  Unrefurbished R2.2 tram in April 2009
• 
  Refurbished R2.2b in August 2012
• 
  R3.3 in September 2012

Class S tram in June 2017

The Class S tram is an articulated tram built by Stadler Rail to its Variobahn design. The five-section 100% low-floor trams have a total length of 33.94 metres (111 ft 4 in). The first delivered S-Tram, number 2301, was used for the first time in Munich on 19 March 2009 for a press tour.

A total of 14 trams were built between 2008 and 2011. The vehicles are designed for 221 passengers each. The top speed is 60 km/h (37 mph). After numerous technical problems with its running gears, MVG cancelled the further order and switched to Siemens Avenio for their next generation tram, the T1 tram.

In May 2014, MVG announced a prequalification procedure in which interested manufacturers can submit vehicle designs to the proposals. Due to the increasing ridership, trams were tendered to be able to operate in multiple, reaching a total length of 48 meters. The double traction trains, which are to consist of two coupled tramways, should provide space for 270 passengers. However, for these trains to be able to travel, the stops still need to be extended. The trams were expected to join the Munich fleet in 2017. In October 2015, MVG finally commissioned 22 more Avenio trams from Siemens. Nine two-car and three-car trams were ordered, which can be coupled with each other. Four four-car trams also have been ordered. The contract also includes an option for up to 124 further trams.[19] The 22 new trams will be delivered from mid-2017.

• 
  First-generation Avenio
• 
  Differences in front design (left: second-generation Avenio)
• 
  Three-section Avenio on delivery
• 
  Two-section Avenio on delivery

Map of the network

A class R2 tram on route 19 at Ostbahnhof

A new class S tram on reserved track

Tram junction at Kurfuerstenplatz

A diverted tram in the extensive, but now little used, Olympic Park tram station

As of 2012, the Munich tram network comprises thirteen daytime routes and four night routes.[2] The tram network totals 79 kilometres (49 mi) of route length,[2] including 55 kilometres (34 mi) of segregated tram lane,[2] with 165 stops.[2][5]

The network is standard gauge track and configured to allow a maximum body width of 2.3 metres (7 ft 7 in). It is electrified using overhead lines at 750 VDC. As all Munich trams are single ended, facilities for turning trams, such as turning loops or wye tracks, are provided at all termini and strategic intermediate points.[2][5][20]

The daytime route network operates between 04:45 and 01:30, and comprises the following routes:[3]

Line	Route	Stops	Time
	Scheidplatz – Hohenzollernplatz – Leonrodplatz – Rotkreuzplatz – Romanplatz	17	21 min
	Max-Weber-Platz – Rosenheimer Platz – Ostfriedhof – Silberhornstraße – Wettersteinplatz – Großhesseloher Brücke	16	24 min
	Romanplatz – Donnersbergerstraße – Hackerbrücke – Hauptbahnhof – Sendlinger Tor – Isartor – Max-Weber-Platz – Herkomerplatz – Effnerplatz – Arabellapark – St. Emmeram	36	49 min
	Amalienburgstraße – Romanplatz – Donnersbergerstraße – Hackerbrücke – Hauptbahnhof – Karlsplatz – Sendlinger Tor – Fraunhoferstraße – Mariahilfplatz – Ostfriedhof – Giesing Bahnhof – Schwanseestraße	29	35 min
	Gondrellplatz – Westendstraße – Lautensackstraße – Trappentreustraße – Hauptbahnhof Süd – Karlsplatz – Sendlinger Tor – Isartor – Maxmonument – Tivolistraße – Herkomerplatz – Effnerplatz – Arabellapark – St. Emmeram (Effnerplatz – St. Emmeram during the peak hours only)	32	41 min
	München-Pasing – Pasing Marienplatz – Fürstenrieder Straße – Lautensackstraße – Trappentreustraße – Hauptbahnhof – Karlsplatz – Theatinerstraße – Maxmonument – Maximilianeum – Max-Weber-Platz – Ostbahnhof – Kreillerstraße – St.-Veit-Straße	36	52 min
	Moosach – Westfriedhof – Leonrodplatz – Hochschule München –Hauptbahnhof – Karlsplatz	16	22 min
	Westfriedhof – Leonrodplatz – Hochschule München –Hauptbahnhof – Karlsplatz	13	17 min
	Hochschule München – Hauptbahnhof – Karlsplatz	8	9 min
	Münchner Freiheit – Potsdamer Straße – Parzivalplatz – Schwabinger Tor – Am Münchner Tor – Anni-Albers-Straße – Domagkstraße – Schwabing Nord	7	8 min
	Berg am Laim – Max-Weber-Platz – Rosenheimer Platz – Ostfriedhof – Silberhornstraße – Wettersteinplatz – Großhesseloher Brücke – Grünwald, Derbolfinger Platz	22	32 min
	Petuelring – Hohenzollernplatz – Karolinenplatz – Karlsplatz – Sendlinger Tor	15	19 min
	Scheidplatz – Kurfürstenplatz – Karolinenplatz – Karlsplatz – Sendlinger Tor	12	16 min

Night line N27 at Südtiroler Straße stop

The night route network operates between 01:30 and 04:30, and comprises the following routes:[21]

Line	Route
	Amalienburgstraße – Romanplatz – Donnersbergerstraße – Hackerbrücke – Hauptbahnhof – Karlsplatz – Sendlinger Tor – Isartor – Max-Weber-Platz – Herkomerplatz – Effnerplatz
	München-Pasing – Pasing Marienplatz – Fürstenrieder Straße – Lautensackstraße – Trappentreustraße – Hauptbahnhof – Karlsplatz – Theatinerstraße – Maxmonument – Maximilianeum – Max-Weber-Platz – Ostbahnhof – Kreillerstraße – St.-Veit-Straße
	Moosach – Westfriedhof – Leonrodplatz – Hauptbahnhof – Karlsplatz
	Petuelring – Nordbad – Kurfürstenplatz – Karolinenplatz – Karlsplatz (Stachus) – Sendlinger Tor – Fraunhoferstraße – Mariahilfplatz – Ostfriedhof – Silberhornstraße – Wettersteinplatz – Südtiroler Platz – Großhesseloher Brücke

The new 8.25-kilometre (5.13 mi) Westtangente line is meeting the demand for a crosstown transportation in the west, serving five municipalities: Neuhausen-Nymphenburg, Laim, Sendling-Westpark, Hadern, and Thalkirchen-Obersendling-Forstenried-Fürstenried-Solln. The new line follows mostly the current Metrobus 51[22] and the 1928 tram extension plan.[23] The line will have seventeen stops with subway transfer points at Aidenbachstraße station (southern terminus), Holzapfelkreuth station, Laimer Platz station, and München-Laim S-Bahn station along with Tram line 12 and lines 16 and 17 at Romanplatz (northern terminus), Tram line 18 at Agnes-Bernauer-Straße, and Tram line 19 at Ammerseestraße.[24] The passengers can transfer to Tram line 12 for further journey to Schwabing, bypassing the city centre. The line number has not been assigned yet. The €170 million Euro construction approved on 21 March 2018 is expected to begin in 2024 and completed by 2027 the latest.[25][26]

Another new tram line project in discussion is the Nordtangente (North Tangent) across the Englischer Garten, linking Elisabethplatz (Trams lines 27 and 28) in the west with terminus at Romanplatz and Tivolistraße (Tram line 16) in the east with terminus at St. Emmeram. Additionally, the proposal also examines the possible southern extension of Tram line 23 to connect with the Nordtangente at Martiusstraße and Leopoldstraße intersection and eastern extension of Tram lines 16 and 17 to the Johanneskirchen S-Bahn station at Johanneskirchner Straße and Cosimastraße.[27]

The Englischer Garten tram line was proposed in 1927 but was immediately rejected by the city council.[28] The proposal for the Nordtangente isn't without controversy due to the feasibility of running trams through the busy thoroughfare and potential damage to the environment during the construction and after the service launch.[29] Several buses (MetroBus 54, 58, and 68 as well as local Bus 154) currently serve the 600-metre-long Englischer Garten thoroughfare, adding noise and congestion. Adding the tram line would cause safety hazard for pedestrians and cyclists who in a very large number share the same thoroughfare.[30]

The overhead lines could not be used due to the sensitive nature environment in Englisher Garten and due to many mature trees in close proximity. An initial proposal was to use the specially modified trams that run on batteries across Englisher Garten before reverting to overhead lines outside the park. MVG and Stadler Rail modified one Class S tram with lithium-ion batteries for feasibility runs at Velten near Berlin: this specially modified tram broke the world distance record by running 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) on a test track. The Class S trams delivered to MVG in 2012 are designed to be retrofitted with batteries.

After the success of Initiative M-ein Englischer Garten, a grassroots movement to cover the portion of Mittleren Ring highway in Englischer Garten,[31] the same grassroot movement group proposed a tram tunnel as the most optimal solution, citing the 1926 article in Bayerischen Umschau.[32] The €45 million tram tunnel is gaining traction as most favoured option for several reasons.[33][34] The tram tunnel along with forthcoming Mittleren Ring tunnel would reunite the northern and southern Englischer Garten once again. The tunnel moves the tram and bus traffic underground, removing the noise and congestion. Without the traffic on the thoroughfare, the safety of pedestrians and cyclists is enhanced. As to reduce the construction cost by making tunnels lower in height, the overhead lines would not be installed in the tunnel. The trams would switch to battery power during the travel through tunnel before switching back to the overhead lines outside the park.

• Line 18: Extension to the Blumenau in the West
• Line 19: Extension to the Michaelibad in the east
• Hauptbahnhof-Silberhornstraße: Like bus line 58
• Südtangente: From the Aidenbachstraße or the Waldfriedhof, the planned Westtangente via Harras, Brudermühlstraße and Candidplatz could be connected with the line 25 at the Tegernseer Landstraße and on line 17 at the Giesing station.
• Line 19: Extension in the east to Trudering, from there possibly to Haar.
• The line 17 south of Stadelheimer, Nauplia and Seybothstraße could be used instead of U-Bahn line U1 from Mangfallplatz to Krankenhaus Harlaching or the Großhesseloherbrücke. Since this route is currently served (2016) by a bus in the 20-minute clock is sufficiently unlikely.
• From the route to St. Emmeram to one of the S-Bahn stations Englschalking or Johanneskirchen.
• Alte Messe – Nordbad: New route from the Schwanthalerhöhe station via Heimeran- and Schwanthalerstraße to the main station, where the route could be linked to the planning of Hauptbahnhof-Silberhornstraße. The route continues northwards through the Seidl and Schleissheimer Straße to the turning wye at the Nordbad.
• From Munich Moosach station to Moosach or from the Westfriedhof to Untermenzing station
• Line 23: Extension to the south to the planned north-tangente at the Giselastraße. From there, the line could be taken to the Elisabethplatz and further towards the city center.
• An extension of the tram from St. Emmeram to Unterföhring is unlikely because of the nature of the bridge which would be used over the Foehringer Ring and the narrow road in Unterföhring.
• Olympia-Einkaufszentrum – St. Emmeram: New tangent in the north of Munich (like bus line 50)
• Ostbahnhof-Neuperlach: Like bus line 55