Manuel Aguilar Chacón

Manuel Aguilar Chacón (12 August 1797, San José, Costa Rica – 7 July 1846) was head of state of Costa Rica from April 1837 to March 1838.[1][2]

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Aguilar and the second or maternal family name is Chacón.
Manuel Aguilar Chacón

Early life

He was born in San José, Costa Rica, on August 12, 1797. Was the son of Miguel Antonio Aguilar y Fernández (who ordained as a priest after widowing) and Josefa de la Luz Chacón y Aguilar.[3] He got married in León, Nicaragua, on August 4, 1824 to Inés Cueto y García de la Llana, daughter of Luis de Cueto y Cortés de la Quintana y Teodora García de la Llana.[4] In their home, their four children were born:

  1. Mauro Antonio de Jesús (b. 1826), married to Rosa Guzmán y Guzmán, daughter of Juan José Guzmán, President of El Salvador in 1842 and from 1842 to 1844.[5]
  2. Juan Manuel (b. 1828), deceased in his early years.[6]
  3. Inés Antonia de Jesús (1830-1895), married to Juan Rafael Mora Porras, President of Costa Rica from 1849 to 1859.[7]
  4. Manuel Antonio de Jesús (1832-1860), Single.[8]

Studies

He obtained his bachelor's degree from the University of León in Nicaragua in 1820 and his Lawyer degree in 1821.[9]

First public office

He became judge of Costa Rica in 1824, member and President of the Constituent Assembly through 1824–1825, General Ministry from 1825 to 1827, School Governing of la Casa de Enseñanza de Santo Tomás in 1826, Representative for San José in 1828, Elected federal Senator in 1828 (he was not able to take office at the time) and Federal Senator through(1832-1833). In 1830 he was elected by the Legislative Assembly as President of the Superior Court of Justice of Costa Rica, but he declined the position.[10]

During 1833, while he was working as Federal Senator in Guatemala, the liberal groups from San José and Alajuela backed up his candidacy as chief of state of Costa Rica. Although he had the highest vote count, he was not able to achieve absolute majority and the Legislative Assembly chose José Rafael de Gallegos y Alvarado.[11]

Manuel Aguilar Chacón returned to Costa Rica on November 21, 1833. And in 1835 he was elected again as Representative for San José to cover the period 1835–1837. He presided the house of Representatives in 1835. In March of that same year, when the elected Chief of State to conclude the period in Gallegos, Nicolás Ulloa Soto, declined the position, the Assembly voted in favor of Aguilar Chacón to assume top command but he refused to admit the electoral process.[12]

Head of the state

With the support of the communities of Alajuela, Cartago and Heredia, Manuel Aguilar Chacón defeated Braulio Carrillo Colina in the 1837 elections and was chosen as Head of State for Costa Rica for the period 1837–1841. As Vice-chief Juan Mora Fernández was elected. Both took office on April 17, 1837 at the city of Heredia, the Capital City of Costa Rica at the time.[13]

During his mandate, the law of 1835 that established the Capital in the City of Murciélago was repealed. He took measures in favour of health and education. He also reorganized the Superior Court of Justice.[14]

He did face great opposition from the supporters of Braulio Carrillo Colina. He even took a serious beating. In March, 1838 he presented his resignation as Chief of State but the Legislative Assembly rejected it.[15][16]

Fall and exile

Manuel Aguilar Chacón was overthrown on May 27, 1838 by a military coup d'état that rose Braulio Carrillo Colina into power. Aguilar Chacón had to flee in exile. He first was established in the state of El Salvador and later on moved to Guatemala.[17]

Later activities

He was Commissioner of Guatemala in Costa Rica through 1843 and later on he decided to exercise his lawyer profession. In 1845 the Government of Costa Rica designated him as delegate to the "Dieta Unionista Centroamericana" (Centroamerican Union Conference) that was expected to hold a meeting in Sonsonate, El Salvador in 1846. Manuel Aguilar Chacón traveled to Sonsonate, but the union meeting was never inaugurated.[18][19]

Death

He died in Sonsonate, El Salvador, on July 7, 1846, as a consequence of pneumonia.[20]

See also

References
  1. Carbonell, Jorge Francisco Sáenz (2017). Manuel Aguilar Chacón (in Spanish). EUNED, Editorial Universidad Estatal a Distancia. ISBN 978-9968-48-385-8.
  2. "Ser solidarios, más que un deber hoy". Diario Digital Nuestro País (in Spanish). 2020-04-30. Retrieved 2023-02-03.
  3. "Costa Rica 1943 Manuel Aguilar Chacón (1797 - 1846), 5c". StampPhenom. Retrieved 2023-02-03.
  4. "Manuel Aguilar Chacón". www.sinabi.go.cr. Retrieved 2023-02-03.
  5. "Costa Rican government".
  6. Stone, Samuel Z. (1993). El legado de los conquistadores: las clases dirigentes en la América Central desde la Conquista hasta los Sandinistas (in Spanish). EUNED. ISBN 978-9977-64-694-7.
  7. Kapiszewski, Diana; Kazan, Alexander (2002). Encyclopedia of Latin American Politics. Oryx Press. ISBN 978-1-57356-306-2.
  8. Fernández, Andrés (2013-05-05). Los muros cuentan. Crónicas sobre arquitectura histórica josefina (in Spanish). Editorial Costa Rica. ISBN 978-9968-684-51-4.
  9. "Our heritage". Aguilar Castillo Love. Retrieved 2023-02-03.
  10. "Manuel Aguilar Chacón (1837-1838) | Pincel". www.artecostarica.cr (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-02-03.
  11. Romero, Miguel A. Villegas (2013). "El primer litigante: Don Manuel Aguilar Chacón, Primer abogado costarricense que ejerción la profesión en el país". Revista de Ciencias Jurídicas (131): 141–153. ISSN 0034-7787.
  12. "La manzana de don Juanito". Diario Digital Nuestro País (in Spanish). 2015-02-09. Retrieved 2023-02-03.
  13. "48 expresidentes de Costa Rica tienen su retrato en la Asamblea; véalos aquí". La Nación (in Spanish). 25 April 2019. Retrieved 2023-02-03.
  14. Diaz-Arias, David; Hurtado, Ronny Viales; Hernández, Juan José Marín (2018-11-16). Historical Dictionary of Costa Rica. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-0242-8.
  15. "Retrato de Manuel Aguilar Chacon Weekender Tote Bag by Aquiles Bigot". Pixels. Retrieved 2023-02-03.
  16. Obregón, Clotilde María (2002). Nuestros gobernantes: verdades del pasado para comprender el futuro (in Spanish). Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica. ISBN 978-9977-67-701-9.
  17. Nohlen, Dieter (2005-04-14). Elections in the Americas A Data Handbook Volume 1: North America, Central America, and the Caribbean. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-155793-4.
  18. Mahoney, James (2001). The Legacies of Liberalism: Path Dependence and Political Regimes in Central America. JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-6552-7.
  19. Guardia, Ricardo Fernández (2005). Cartilla histórica de Costa Rica (in Spanish). EUNED. ISBN 978-9968-31-375-9.
  20. Stone, Samuel Z. (1990). The Heritage of the Conquistadors: Ruling Classes in Central America from the Conquest to the Sandinistas. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-4207-4.
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