March 14 Alliance

The Free Patriotic Movement of General Michel Aoun left the informal grouping before the 2005 general election, before March 14 was an established alliance, due to major disagreements and when its leader Michel Aoun signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Hezbollah.[4] After the 2005 elections, The Free Patriotic Movement was the sole political opposition, but one year later joined the pro-Syrian government March 8 Alliance in November 2006.

On 12 July 2006, the 2006 Lebanon War between Israel and Hezbollah started. During the war, the 14 of March Coalition took a stance against Hezbollah accusing the armed party of causing the war on Lebanon. However, Hezbollah claimed that Israel preplanned such a war, supposed to be waged on September during the annual rally Hezbollah holds on the International Qods (Jerusalem) Day.

The 14th of March coalition, amidst the war, urged Hezbollah to hand over their weapons, accusing the party of causing the war on Lebanon.

During the first few days of the war, former US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice visited Beirut and held a meeting with the 14th of March coalition and declared afterwards that a new Middle East will be born after this war, saying: "It's time for a new Middle East". Rice and Fouad Siniora met during her visit to Lebanon.[5][6]

In May 2008, the tensions between the pro-government and opposition parties escalated when the cabinet announced a series of security decisions. Tensions began with revelations on Friday May 2 made by Progressive Socialist Party leader Walid Jumblatt, a key politician in the ruling March 14 alliance. He announced that a remote-controlled camera had been set up in a container park overlooking Beirut international airport's runway 17, which was frequently being used by March 14 politicians.[7][8] In March 14 circles, fear was that the monitoring could be used for a possible attack on its leaders, as Lebanon had faced a series of political assassinations in recent times.[9] Although Jumblatt did not accuse the party directly, he made clear that he thought March 8's Hezbollah was behind the monitoring system's installment.[7] Hezbollah dismissed the accusations, calling the allegation a product of Jumblatt's imagination and saying that those who leveled them were scaremongering and simply parroting a US campaign against it and other groups which are resisting Israel.[8][9] In addition to the monitoring system, Jumblatt stated that Hezbollah had laid down a fiber optic telecommunication network connecting its powerbase in Dahiya in South Beirut with cities and towns in South and East Lebanon in predominantly Shiite areas.[8]

In its response to these allegations, the Lebanese cabinet announced that it regarded the telecommunication network and the monitoring system as a breach of law, undermining the state's sovereignty and the security of its citizens.[7][10] Therefore, it declared that the matter would be referred not only to the Lebanese judicial system, but also to the Arab League and the United Nations.[7][10]

Coincidentally, a day after the cabinet's decision, on Wednesday May 7, the Lebanese General Workers Union had planned a general strike to demand higher wages and decry high consumer prices.[11] The strike turned violent as the opposition threw their weight behind the strike, paralyzing large parts of Lebanon's capital Beirut.[11][12] Clashes later erupted throughout the country in the following weeks

On 8 June 2009, March 14 won the majority in the Lebanese parliament with 71 out of 128 seats.[13]

14 out of 26 electoral districts were won by March 14:[14]

• Akkar (7/7)
• Minniyeh-Danniyeh (3/3)
• Tripoli (8/8)
• Koura (3/3)
• Bcharreh (2/2)
• Batroun (2/2)
• Beirut 1 (5/5)
• Beirut 2 (2/4)
• Beirut 3 (10/10)
• Aley (4/5) Jumblatt left an empty seat for Talal Arslan
• Chouf (8/8)
• Saida (2/2)
• Zahle (7/7)
• West Bekaa-Rashaya (6/6)

In August 2009, the Progressive Socialist Party left the alliance, claiming political neutrality after the 2008 Lebanon conflict, though they still supported lists of March 14 members, mostly the Lebanese Forces.[15] The National Liberal Party left the March 14 movement on 22 December 2016.

On 12 January 2011, March 8, with the help of Jumblatt, collapsed the government, which caused March 14 prime minister Saad Hariri to step down and be replaced by a March 8 prime minister, Najib Mikati. On 17 June 2011, Michel Aoun proudly said that he sent Saad Hariri a «one way ticket».[16]

The March 14 alliance surprisingly supported the election of March 8-affiliated Michel Aoun, but only if mainly the Lebanese Forces got 7/20 of the governmental seats. Since the election and the formation of a new Government headed by Prime Minister Saad Hariri, Michel Aoun and Samir Geagea signed the "Maarab agreement", and it was considered a historical peace between two rival and old political factions. Michel Aoun ended up not giving the requested seats to the Lebanese Forces, but Geagea did not seem to complain until after the "October 17 revolution" in Lebanon, which Geagea tried his best in trying to impress but to no avail. Sides that were against the election of Michel Aoun as president in the 2016 elections consisted of traditional parties such as the Kataeb party and the National Liberal Party. Since then, the political scene has been witnessing the emergence of new non-sectarian political groups such as Lihaqqi and Citizens in a State (MMFIDAWLA), as well as revolution-affiliated Taqaddom, in addition to many civil society groups who were loosely allied during the last parliamentary elections. Although they share a common goal to replace what they consider a failed political model that was introduced following the end of the civil war, leading to the 2019 protests, they are not unified in order to assimilate and conquer the prevailing government. The then-elected government was viewed as having failed its duties as a government and the Prime Minister, Saad Hariri, attempted to resign while he was in Saudi Arabia in 2017, but it was ruled unconstitutional. Later on, during the October protests he resigned as Prime Minister.