Foreign relations of Lebanon

The foreign policy of Lebanon reflects its geographic location, the composition of its population, and its reliance on commerce and trade. Until 2005, Lebanon's foreign policy had been heavily influenced by Syria. The framework for relations was first codified in May 1991, when Lebanon and Syria signed a treaty of mutual cooperation. This treaty came out of the Taif Agreement, which stipulated that "Lebanon is linked to Syria by distinctive ties deriving strength from kinship, history, and common interests." The Lebanese-Syria treaty calls for "coordination and cooperation between the two countries" that would serve the "interests of the two countries within the framework of sovereignty and independence of each." Numerous agreements on political, economic, and security. After Syria's military withdrawal in 2005, Lebanon's foreign policy charted a more independent course.

Politics of Lebanon

Arab League Member State of the Arab League

Constitution
Human rights
Executive
Legislature
Subdivisions
Elections
Foreign relations

flag Lebanon portal


Nations with which Lebanon has diplomatic relations.

Bilateral relations

Africa
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Algeria1962
  • Algeria has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Algiers.
 Angola 3 July 1996 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 July 1996[1]
 Benin 27 June 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1962 when first ambassador of Lebanon to Dahomey presented his credentials to President Hubert Maga.[2]
 Cape Verde 20 May 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 May 2021[3]
 Côte d'Ivoire4 October 1961[4]

Approximately 100,000 people of Lebanese origin reside in Côte d'Ivoire.

21 April 1961 established Embassy of Lebanon in Abidjan

 Democratic Republic of CongoJune 1972
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  • The Democratic Republic of Congo has a consulate in Beirut.
 Republic of Congo 12 April 2001 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 April 2001[5]
 Djibouti 11 March 1981 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 March 1981 when first Ambassador of Lebanon to Djibouti (resident in Khartoum) Mr. Ibrahim Marouche presented his credentials to President M. Hassan Gouled Aptidon.[6]
 Egypt30 November 1944Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 November 1944 when was opened Legation of Lebanon in Cairo.[7]

Severed diplomatic relations 26 April 1979, restored 28 June 1989.

  • Egypt has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Cairo and a consulate-general in Alexandria.
 Equatorial Guinea 21 November 2008 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 November 2008[8]
 Eritrea 3 September 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 September 1993[9]
 Ethiopia31 July 194931 July 1949 was accredited first Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Ethiopia to Lebanon Mr. Fitaorari Tafesse Habte Mikael[10]
  • Ethiopia has a consulate-general in Beirut.
 Gambia 24 May 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 May 1965[11]
 Ghana30 March 195919 September 1958 established Legation of Lebanon in Accra, who raised to level Embassy on 21 April 1961
  • Ghana is accredited to Lebanon from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Accra.
 Guinea3 June 1960Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 June 1960 when Lebanese Government appointed its Minister to Liberia to be Minister to Guinea as well.[12]
  • Guinea is accredited to Lebanon from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Conakry.
 Guinea-Bissau 20 October 2020 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 October 2020 when Ambassador of Lebanon to Guinea-Bissau Mr. Fadi Zein has presented his credentials to President Ùmaro El Mokhtar Sissoco Embaló.[13]
 Liberia 1 January 1951 Both countries established diplomatic relations when Liberian and Lebanese Governments to raise their Consulates General to the status of Legations, and a proclamation was issued announcing that the change would take effect from 1 January 1951.[14] In 1957 both countries raise their Legations to status of Embassies[15]
 Libya1955
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Tripoli.
  • Libya is accredited to Lebanon from its embassy in Cairo.
 Madagascar 5 May 2017 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 2017.[16]
 Malawi 18 October 2017 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 October 2017 when ambassador of Malawi Mrs. Caroline Bwanali Mussa, has presented his credentials to President of Lebanon Michel Aoun.[17]
 Mali 9 October 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 October 1961 when first Lebanese Ambassador to Mali (resident in Accra) Dr. Karim Azqul presented his credentials to President Modibo Keita.[18]
 Mauritania 10 June 1971 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1971[19]
 Morocco14 February 1957
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Rabat.
  • Morocco has an embassy in Beirut.
 Mozambique 20 April 1998 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 April 1998[20]
 Niger 11 March 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 March 1962, when the first Lebanese Ambassador to Niger, Jean Hadji Thomas, presented his credentials to President Hamani Diori[21]
 Nigeria8 January 19618 January 1961 Lebanese Consulate in Lagos was raised to level Embassy.[22] Nigeria opened its Embassy in Beirut in 1982
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Beirut.
 Rwanda 21 April 2017 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 April 2017[23]
 Senegal22 April 1961

Approximately 30,000 people of Lebanese origin reside in Senegal.

22 April 1961 Lebanese Consulate General in Dakar was raised to level Embassy[24]

 Sierra Leone27 April 1961

Approximately 30,000 people of Lebanese origin reside in Sierra Leone.

27 April 1961 Lebanese Consulate General in Freetown was raised to status Embassy[25]

 Somalia 6 October 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1961[26]
 South Africa7 August 1998Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 August 1998[27]
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Pretoria.
  • South Africa is accredited to Lebanon from its embassy in Damascus, Syria.
 Sudan5 March 1957
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Khartoum.
  • Sudan has an embassy in Beirut.
 Togo 7 June 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 June 1962 when first Ambassador of Lebanon to Togo (resident in Dakar) Mr. Mohammed Ali Hamade presented his credentials.[28]
 Tunisia1957
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Beirut.
 Uganda 5 March 2019 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 March 2019.[29]
 Zimbabwe 29 March 2022 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 March 2022[30]

Americas
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Argentina22 November 1945[31]See Argentina–Lebanon relations
 Belize 29 June 2001 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 June 2001[34]
 Brazil13 November 1945See Brazil–Lebanon relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 November 1945[35]

 Canada26 August 1954[38]See Canada–Lebanon relations

Canada established diplomatic relations with Lebanon in 1954, when Canada deployed "Envoy Extraordinaire" to Beirut. In 1958, Canada sent its first Ambassador. The Embassy was closed in 1985 and reopened in January 1995. Lebanon opened a consulate in Canada in 1946. A Consulate-General replaced the Consulate in 1949, and an embassy was opened in Ottawa in 1958.

 Chile28 June 1945See Chile–Lebanon relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 1945.[41][42]

 Colombia14 June 1949Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 June 1949.[43]
 Costa Rica 29 July 1952 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 July 1952, but was broke off in May 1984, re-established on 24 August 2007[44]
 Cuba15 June 1960Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 June 1960.[45]
  • Cuba has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Havana.
 El Salvador29 July 1952Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 July 1952, but broke off diplomatic relations 10 May 1984, re-established 25 September 2007[46]
  • El Salvador is accredited to Lebanon from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.
  • Lebanon is accredited to El Salvador from its embassy in Mexico City.
 Guyana 2 March 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 March 1995[47]
 Honduras 16 January 1951 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 January 1951 when in official note approval was granted for Mr. Joseph Aboukater to serve as Extraordinary Envoy and Minister Plenipotentiary of Lebanon to the Government of Honduras, with residence in Mexico.[48]
 Jamaica 7 May 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 May 1963[49]
 Mexico12 June 1945[50]See Lebanon–Mexico relations
  • Mexico was among the first nations to recognize Lebanon's independence in 1943.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Mexico City.[51]
  • Mexico has an embassy in Beirut.[52]
  • The Centro Libanés and "Club Deportivo Libanés" in Mexico City are important symbols representing the historically cultural and social ties between both countries.
  • See also Lebanese Mexicans.
 Panama30 April 1946Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 April 1946[53]
  • Panama has a consulate-general in Beirut.
 Paraguay12 May 1950Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1950.[54]
 Suriname 26 April 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 April 1995[55]
 United States16 November 1944[56]See Lebanon–United States relations

The United States' interaction with Lebanon extends back to events such as the 1958 Lebanon crisis, which it sent in troops to fortify the government's position. Lebanon's southern neighbor, Israel, has also sent troops on several occasions, and attacked into Lebanon in response to Hezbollah kidnapping two Israeli soldiers. A possible source of friction between the U.S. and Lebanon is that most of Israel's weaponry is US-made, arguing possible US complicity in Israel's attacks.

 Uruguay25 October 1945See Lebanon–Uruguay relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 October 1945[59]

  • Uruguay recognized Lebanon's independence on November 22, 1943.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Beirut.[60]
  • See also Lebanese Uruguayans
 Venezuela10 July 1946[61]

Asia
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Armenia4 March 1992[62] See Armenia–Lebanon relations

The Embassy of Armenia to Lebanon was opened in June 1994. The Embassy of Lebanon was opened in Yerevan in September 1997.

Lebanon is host to the eighth largest Armenian population in the world. During the 2006 Lebanon War, Armenia announced that it would send humanitarian aid to Lebanon. According to the Armenian government, an unspecified amount of medicines, tents and fire-fighting equipment was allocated to Lebanese authorities on July 27, 2006.[63][64] On May 11, 2000, the Lebanese parliament voted to recognize the Armenian genocide.[65] Lebanon is the first Arab country and one of the few countries of the world to have done so.

  • Armenia has embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Yerevan.
 Azerbaijan18 September 1992[66]See Azerbaijan–Lebanon relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Beirut.
 Bahrain29 May 1972[67]
  • Bahrain has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Manama.
 Bangladesh 28 March 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1973[68]
 Brunei Darussalam 18 May 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 May 1994[69]
 China9 November 1971 See China–Lebanon relations

China and Lebanon established diplomatic relations on November 1, 1954 and the embassy in Taipei opened in 1957. Lebanon shifted recognition from the Taipei-based Republic to the People's Republic on 9 November 1971.[70]

  • China has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Beijing.

In June 2020, Lebanon was one of 53 countries that backed the Hong Kong national security law at the United Nations.[71]

China opened the first Confucius Institute in the Middle East in Lebanon in 2006.[72]

 Georgia 1 April 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 April 1993[73]
 India15 September 1948[74]See India-Lebanon relations
 Indonesia1950See Indonesia–Lebanon relations
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Jakarta.
 Iran21 September 1944See Iran–Lebanon relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 1944.[75]

  • Iran has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Tehran.
 Iraq24 February 1944See Iraq–Lebanon relations

Both countries established diplomatic relatiobns on 24 February 1944 when first Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Iraq to Lebanon Mr. Tahsin Kadri presented his credentials as first foreign diplomatic representatives, who presented his letters of credentials to President Lebanon Mr.Bechara Khoury.[76]

Lebanon and Iraq share the same language and mutual support for each other in conflicts, Lebanon's relations with Iraq have at most times been cold. Issues include the Lebanese Government's strong material and political assistance of Hezbollah and ongoing clashes in Iraq between the Sunnis and Shias.

  • Iraq has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Baghdad.
 IsraelSee Israel–Lebanon relations
 JapanNovember 1954[77]In 1954 Legation of Japan opened in Lebanon, in 1957 Legation of Lebanon opened in Tokyo. In 1959 both Legations was upgrades to Embassies
  • Japan has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Tokyo.
 Jordan1 October 1946See Jordan–Lebanon relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1946 when has been accredited Minister of Transjordan to Lebanon Mr. mohamed Ali Ajlouni.[78]

  • Jordan has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Amman.
 Kazakhstan20 April 1993[79]
 Kuwait27 September 1961[80]
 Kyrgyzstan 29 June 2017 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 June 2017[81]
 Laos 15 July 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 July 1963[82]
 Malaysia16 July 1963See Lebanon–Malaysia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 July 1963[83]

 Maldives 25 February 1988 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 February 1988[86]
 Mongolia 5 February 1998 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 February 1998[87]
   Nepal 18 August 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 August 1963[88]
 Oman 2 January 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 January 1973[89]
 PakistanSeptember 1948See Lebanon–Pakistan relations
  • Pakistan does not recognize Israel, which has hostile relations with Lebanon, as a legitimate country.[90]
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Islamabad.
  • Pakistan has an embassy in Beirut.
 Palestine27 November 2008
  • Palestine has an embassy in Beirut.
 Qatar11 April 1972[91]
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Doha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Beirut.
 Saudi Arabia9 April 1944[92]See Lebanon–Saudi Arabia relations
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in Jeddah.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Beirut.
 South Korea12 February 1981[93]
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Beirut.
 Syria15 October 2008[94]See Lebanon–Syria relations 15 October 2008 opened Embassies in both countries

The relationship between these two neighboring countries in Western Asia is complex: Syria has had troops stationed in Lebanon and has exerted political influence in the nation for many years.[95] However, Syria has only officially recognised Lebanon's sovereignty recently.[96]

 Tajikistan 21 June 1996 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 June 1996[97]
 Thailand 3 February 1958 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 February 1958[98]
 Timor Leste April 2005 Both countries established diplomatic relations in April 2005[99]
 Turkey8 March 1946See Lebanon–Turkey relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 March 1946.[100]

  • Lebanon has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate-general in Istanbul.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Beirut.
 Turkmenistan 6 May 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 May 1993[101]
 United Arab Emirates8 January 1972[102]See Lebanon–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Beirut.
 Uzbekistan 22 October 1998 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 October 1998[103]
 Vietnam 12 February 1981 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 1981[104]

Europe

Lebanon concluded negotiations on an association agreement with the European Union in late 2001, and both sides initialed the accord in January 2002, the accord becoming known as the EU-Lebanon Association Agreement. The EU-Lebanon Action Plan from January 19, 2007, gave a new impetus to bilateral relations in the framework of the European Neighborhood Policy.

Lebanon is one of the main Mediterranean beneficiaries of community assistance and the EU through its various instruments is Lebanon's leading donor. Starting from 2007 financial support is channeled through the European Neighborhood Policy Instrument. A Lebanon Country Strategy Paper 2007–2013 and a National Indicative Program 2007–2010 have been adopted by the EU. The assistance provided was refocused after the Second Lebanon War to engage in real help for the government and the society in reconstruction and reform of the country.[105]

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Andorra 24 March 1999 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 March 1999[106]
 Belarus 21 March 1996 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 March 1996[107]
 Belgium 25 November 1944 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 November 1944 when established Lebanese Legation (Embassy) in Belgium.[108]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 22 June 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 June 1995[109]
 Bulgaria19 September 1966[110]
 Croatia 5 December 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 December 1994[112]
 Czech Republic 21 September 1946 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 1946.[113]
 Denmark6 October 1953 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1953 when was accredited first Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Denmark to Lebanon (resident in Cairo) Mr. G. L. Host[114]
  • Denmark has an embassy in Beirut.[115]
  • Lebanon is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.[116]
 Estonia 3 September 2001 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 September 2001[117]
 Finland 21 June 1954 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 June 1954[118]
 France25 November 1944See France–Lebanon relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 November 1944 when has been appointed Mr. Ahmad Daouk as Minister Plenipotentiary of Lebanon to France. And 25 December 1944 has been opened Lebanese Legation (Embassy) in Paris.[119]

In 2007, French President Nicolas Sarkozy ordered ties with Syria to be suspended until proof Damascus was not interfering in the Lebanese political crisis was established.[120] A week after Sarkozy's statement in Cairo, Syrian Foreign Minister Walid al Muallem announced Syria was ceasing their ties with France.[121] "Syria has decided to cease cooperation with France on the Lebanese crisis" said Mouallem. In July 2008, France and Syria decided to open embassies in each other's countries.[122] In April 2009, French and Lebanese officials approved the framework of a security agreement that besides improving bilateral relations include drugs and arms trafficking, illegal immigration and cyber-crime.[123]

  • France has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon as an embassy in Paris and a consulate-general in Marseille.
 Germany20 May 1953[124]See Germany–Lebanon relations
  • Germany has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Berlin.
 Greece17 June 1947See Greece–Lebanon relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 June 1947, when first Minister of Greece to Lebanon with residence in Cairo M. Georges Triantaphyllidis presented his credentials[125]

The relation between both people dates back to early antiquity, with the early trading activities between the ancient Greeks and the Phoenicians. In modern times, Greek-Lebanese bilateral relations are very good at all levels. Greece has an embassy in Beirut and Lebanon has an embassy in Athens. Both countries are members of the Union for the Mediterranean and the Francophonie.

  • Greece has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Athens.
 Holy See17 March 1947See Holy See–Lebanon relations

The Holy See has played a major role in the peace negotiations of Lebanon. It has sought to unify Christian factions that were separated after the Lebanese civil war. At the same time, it sought to reduce Christian-Muslim tensions and to preserve Christian communities that have been declining in many parts of Lebanon and elsewhere in the Middle East.

 Hungary 30 November 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 November 1965.[126]
  • Hungary opened its Embassy in Beirut in 1970.
  • Lebanon opened Embassy in Budapest in 1994. [127]
 Iceland 28 March 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1973[128]
 Ireland12 December 1974Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 December 1974[129]
  • Ireland is accredited to Lebanon from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.
  • Lebanon is accredited to Ireland from its embassy in London, UK.
 Italy20 November 1946See Italy–Lebanon relations

Lebanon opened a legation in 1946, which was transformed into an embassy in 1955. Both countries signed a Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Navigation in 1949. Rome supported the reconstruction of Lebanon after the Taef Agreement. Also, Italian companies, from almost all sectors, operate in Lebanon.

  • Italy has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Rome.
 Latvia 16 January 1998 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 January 1998[130]
 Liechtenstein 9 June 2000 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 June 2000 when accredited first Ambassador of Lebanon to Liechtenstein (resident in Berne) Mr. Samir Hobeica[131]
 Lithuania 18 March 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 March 1993[132]
 Malta 1 July 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1975[133]
 Moldova 8 June 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 June 1994[134]
 Montenegro 4 December 2008 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 December 2008[135]
 Netherlands12 October 1950Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 October 1950[136]
  • Lebanon has an embassy in The Hague.
  • Netherlands has an embassy in Beirut.
 Norway 10 August 1948 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 August 1948[137]
 Poland20 October 19561 August 1944 Lebanon established diplomatic relations with Polish Government in exile in London. On October 20, 1956, the government of Lebanon accepted the initiative of the government of the Polish People's Republic regarding the establishment of diplomatic relations at the level of the deputies, which meant simultaneous withdrawal of the recognition of the Polish government in exile.[138]
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Beirut.
 Romania6 January 1965[139]See Lebanon–Romania relations
 Russia3 August 1944[141]See Lebanon–Russia relations
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Moscow.
  • Russia has an embassy in Beirut.
 Serbia 18 May 1946 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 May 1946[142]
 Spain5 March 1948[143]See Lebanon–Spain relations
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Madrid.
  • Spain has an embassy in Beirut.
 Sweden 7 February 1946 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 February 1946[144]
  • Lebanon has an Embassy in Stockholm
  • Sweden has an Embassy in Beirut
  Switzerland 27 February 1946 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 February 1946[145]
 Ukraine 14 December 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 December 1992.[146]
  • Embassy of Ukraine in Beirut was opened in August 1995[147]
  • Embassy of Lebanon was opened in Kyiv until February 2022.[148]
 United Kingdom27 March 1942Both countries established full diplomatic relations on 27 March 1942, when General Sir Edward Spears of the United Kingdom presented letters of credence to President Naccache of Lebanon[149]
  • Lebanon has an embassy in London.
  • United Kingdom has an embassy in Beirut.

Oceania
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Australia5 February 1967[150]20 February 1967 opened Australian Embassy in Beirut. It was closed in 1984 because of the security situation in Beirut. The Embassy was formally re-opened on 18 July 1995[151]
 Fiji 10 October 2010 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 October 2010[152]
 Marshall Islands 26 September 2019 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 2019[153]
 New Zealand25 November 198025 November 1980 first Lebanese Ambassador to New Zealand with residence in Canberra Mr. Raymond Heneine presented his letters of credentials to Governor General of New Zealand[154]
  • Lebanon is accredited to New Zealand from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.
  • New Zealand is accredited to Lebanon from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.
 Vanuatu 25 September 2019 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2019[155]

See also

References and footnotes
  • Eisenberg, Laura Zittrain; Caplan, Neil (1998). Negotiating Arab-Israeli Peace: Patterns, Problems, Possibilities. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-21159-X.
  • Schiff, Ze'ev; Ya'ari, Ehud (1984). Israel's Lebanon War. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-47991-1.
  • Shlaim, Avi (2001). The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-32112-6.
  1. "Diplomatic Relations Between Lebanon and Angola as of 3 July 1996". United Nations Digital Library. July 3, 1996. Retrieved April 15, 2023.
  2. Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 126-127. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1962. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  3. Verde, Cabo (May 20, 2021). "Diplomatic Relations Between Cabo Verde and Lebanon as of 20 May 2021". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved April 15, 2023.
  4. Middle East Record Volume 2, 1961, Volume 2. The Moshe Dayan Center, 1961. p. 414.
  5. "Diplomatie : le Liban et le Congo explorent de nouveaux axes de coopération". Agence d'Information d'Afrique Centrale. Retrieved April 15, 2023.
  6. Le Mois en Afrique - Issues 180-185 (in French). Le Mois en Afrique. 1981. p. 158.
  7. KHOURY Gérard (2004). Sélim Takla 1895-1945. Une contribution à l'indépendance du Liban (in French). Karthala Editions. p. 389.
  8. Guinea, Equatorial (November 21, 2008). "Diplomatic Relations Between Equatorial Guinea and Lebanon as of 21 Nov. 2008". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved April 15, 2023.
  9. Eritrea Update, October 1993 - 6. Provisional Government of Eritrea (EPLF), Mission to the USA and Canada. 1992. p. 14. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  10. British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Arabia, The Lebanon, Israel, Syria, Jordan and General, 1952. LexisNexis, 2006. p. 311.
  11. Chronology of Arab Politics, Volume 3. Political Studies and Public Administration Department of the American University of Beirut., 1965. p. 138.
  12. Yitzhak Oron (1960). Middle East Record Volume 1, 1960 Volume 1. Published for The Israel Oriental Society, The Reuven Shiloah Research Center by George Weidenfeld & Nicolson Limited. p. 370.
  13. "L'Ambassadeur Extraordinaire et Plenipotentiaire de la Republique du Liban en Guinee-Bissau, M. Fadi Zein a presente sa lettre de creance ce matin". Ayouba toure (in French). October 20, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
  14. British Documents on Foreign Affairs: Ethiopia, Egypt, Morocco, Libya, and Africa (general), 1951. LexisNexis, 2005. p. 87.
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  16. "عون:استقبل وزيرة خارجيّة مدغشقر ووفوداً". iss-foundation.com (in Arabic). May 5, 2017. Retrieved August 22, 2023.
  17. "President Michel Aoun receives the credentials of the Ambassador of MALAWI Caroline Bwanali Mussa". dalatinohra.net. October 18, 2017. Retrieved August 22, 2023.
  18. Yitzhak Oron (1961). Middle East Record Volume 2, 1961 Volume 2. Israel Oriental Society, The Reuven Shiloah Research Center. p. 415. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  19. Mokhtar Ould Daddah (2003). La Mauritanie contre vents et marées (in French). Karthala. p. 520.
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  21. Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts, Issues 50-51. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1962. p. 7.
  22. Middle East Record Volume 2, 1961, Volume 2. The Moshe Dayan Center, 1961. p. 415.
  23. "Rwanda, Lebanon looking to bolster trade ties". newtimes.co.rw. April 22, 2017. Retrieved June 9, 2023.
  24. Middle East Record Volume 2, 1961, Volume 2. The Moshe Dayan Center, 1961. p. 416.
  25. Middle East Record Volume 1, 1960, Volume 1. The Moshe Dayan Center, 1960. p. 371.
  26. News from Hsinhua News Agency: Daily bulletin. Issues 1357-1371. 1961.
  27. "History of Relations (Department: International Relations and Cooperation Republic of South Africa)".
  28. Afrique - Volumes 14-19 (in French). Société internationale de publications commerciales, culturelles et artistiques. 1962. p. 64.
  29. "President Michel Aoun receives the credentials of the Ambassador of the Republic of Uganda Sam Sebuliba Male". dalatinohra.net. March 5, 2019. Retrieved October 3, 2023.
  30. "Today, 29 March 2022, Ambassador A.R. Chimbindi, Permanent Representative of Zimbabwe to the United Nations, and Dr.Amal Mudallali, Permanent Representative of Lebanon to the United Nations, signed a Joint Communique to establish diplomatic relations between the two countries". Mission of the Republic of Zimbabwe to the UN. Retrieved April 15, 2023.
  31. "Acuerdo por Notas Reversales, por el que se Establecen Relaciones Diplomáticas". Biblioteca Digital de Tratados Argentina. Retrieved April 15, 2023.
  32. Embassy of Argentina in Lebanon
  33. Embassy of Lebanon in Argentina
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  35. "Cria uma Legação nas Repúblicas do Líbano e da Síria. Decreto nº 19.901, de 13 de Novembro de 1945". lexml.gov.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved September 12, 2023.
  36. Embassy of Brazil in Lebanon
  37. Embassy of Lebanon in Brazil
  38. "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Canadian Global Affairs Institute. Retrieved April 15, 2023.
  39. "Embassy of Canada in Lebanon". Archived from the original on November 19, 2017. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
  40. Embassy of Lebanon in Canada
  41. "CHILE: Relaciones bilaterales de Chile con el Mundo Árabe". arabe.cl (in Spanish). Retrieved September 12, 2023.
  42. Memoria del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores (in Spanish). Chile. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. 1945. p. 228.
  43. "Líbano". cancilleria.gov.co (in Spanish). Retrieved September 12, 2023.
  44. Rica, Costa (August 24, 2007). "Diplomatic Relations Between Lebanon and Costa Rica as of 24 Aug. 2007 (United Nations Digital Library)".
  45. "Memoria anual 2015" (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 22. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 7, 2019. Retrieved October 11, 2023.
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Representations of foreign nations in Lebanon

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