Foreign relations of Kuwait

Since its independence in 1961, Kuwait maintained strong international relations with most countries, especially nations within the Arab world. Its vast oil reserves gives it a prominent voice in global economic forums and organizations like the OPEC. Kuwait is also a major ally of ASEAN, a regional ally of China, and a major non-NATO ally.[1][2][3]

Nations with which Kuwait has diplomatic relations.
Politics of Kuwait

Arab League Member State of the Arab League

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Overview
Location of diplomatic missions of Kuwait:
  Kuwait
  Embassy

Regionally, Kuwait has a unique foreign policy that is characterized by neutrality. Kuwait's relationship with neighboring Iraq formed the core of its foreign policy from late 1980s onwards. Its first major foreign policy problem arose when Iraq claimed Kuwaiti territory. Iraq threatened invasion, but was dissuaded by the United Kingdom's ready response to the Amir's request for assistance. Kuwait presented its case before the United Nations and successfully preserved its sovereignty. UK forces were later withdrawn and replaced by troops from Arab League nations, which were withdrawn in 1963 at Kuwait's request.

On 2 August 1990, Iraq invaded and occupied Kuwait. A multinational coalition was assembled and under UN auspices, initiated military action against Iraq to liberate Kuwait. Arab states, especially the other five members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates), Egypt, and Syria, supported Kuwait by sending troops to fight with the coalition. Many European and East Asian states sent troops, equipment, and/or financial support.

After its liberation, Kuwait largely directed its diplomatic and cooperative efforts toward states that had participated in the multinational coalition. Notably, many of these states were given key roles in the reconstruction of Kuwait. Conversely, Kuwait's relations with nations that had supported Iraq, among them Jordan, Sudan, Yemen, Greece and Cuba, have proved to be strained.

Since the conclusion of the Gulf War, Kuwait has made efforts to secure allies throughout the world, particularly United Nations Security Council members. In addition to the United States, defense arrangements have been concluded with Russia, the United Kingdom, and France. Close ties to other key Arab members of the Gulf War coalition — Egypt and Syria — also have been sustained.

Kuwait's foreign policy has been dominated for some time by its economic dependence on oil and natural gas. As a developing nation, its various economies are insufficient to independently support it. As a result, Kuwait has directed considerable attention toward oil or natural gas related issues. With the outbreak of the War on Iraq, Kuwait has taken a pro-U.S. stance, having been the nation from which the war was actually launched. It supported the Coalition Provisional Authority, with particular stress upon strict border controls and adequate U.S. troop presence. Kuwait also has good relations with Iran.

Kuwait is a member of the UN and some of its specialized and related agencies, including the World Bank (IBRD), International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Trade Organization (WTO), General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT); African Development Bank (AFDB), Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD), Arab League, Arab Monetary Fund (AMF), Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU), Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA), Group of 77 (G-77), Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), INMARSAT, International Development Association (IDA), International Finance Corporation, International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Labour Organization (ILO), International Marine Organization, Interpol, IOC, Islamic Development Bank (IDB), League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS), Non-Aligned Movement, Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC), Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

International disputes

In November 1994, Iraq formally accepted the UN-demarcated border with Kuwait which had been spelled out in Security Council Resolutions 687 (1991), 773 (1992), and 883 (1993); this formally ends earlier claims to Kuwait and to Bubiyan and Warbah Island islands; ownership of Qaruh and Umm al Maradim islands disputed by Saudi Arabia. Kuwait and Saudi Arabia continue negotiating a joint maritime boundary with Iran; no maritime boundary exists with Iraq in the Persian Gulf.

Bilateral relations

Africa
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Algeria23 November 1964Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 November 1964 when Mr. Ibrahim Ghata presented his credentials to Sheikh Abdullah Al-Salem Al-Sabbah, the Amir of Kuwait, as first Algerian Ambassador to Kuwait.[4]
  • Algeria has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Algiers.
 Angola 20 November 1997 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 November 1997[5]
 Benin 24 December 1987 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 December 1987[6]
 Botswana 10 June 1996 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1996[7]
 Burkina Faso 17 August 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 August 1975[8]
 Burundi 16 January 1981 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 January 1981 when ambassador of Burundi Mr. Julian Nahabo presented his credentials to Amir of Kuwait Shaikh Jaber.[9]
 Cameroon 22 February 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 February 1975[10]
 Cape Verde 30 March 1987 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 March 1987[11]
 Central African Republic 9 April 2007 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 April 2007 when first Ambassador of Kuwait with residence in Khartoum, Mr. Monther Bader Al-Eissa, presented his credentials to President of Central African Republic Francois Bozize.[12]
 Chad 31 March 1970 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 March 1970[13]
 Comoros 3 May 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 May 1976[14]
 Democratic Republic of Congo 27 November 1990 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 November 1990[15]
 Republic of Congo 31 October 2000 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 October 2000.[16]
 Cote d'Ivoire 23 July 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 1992[17]
 Djibouti 31 October 1982 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 October 1982[18]
 Egypt2 December 1961Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 December 1961[19]
  • Egypt has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Cairo.
 Equatorial Guinea 1988 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1988.[20]
 Eritrea 20 October 1993 Both countries esatblished diplomatic relations on 20 October 1993.[21]
 Eswatini 27 October 1996 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 October 1996.[22]
 Ethiopia9 October 1966Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 October 1966[23]
  • Ethiopia has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Addis Ababa.
 Gabon 27 October 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 October 1975[24]
 Guinea 12 March 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 March 1964 when Guinea's first Ambassador to Kuwait presented his credentials to the Amir Sheikh Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah.[25]
 Guinea-Bissau 6 November 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 November 1974[26]
 Kenya23 April 1968See Kenya–Kuwait relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 April 1968 when has been accredited first Ambassador of Kuwait to Kenya with residence in Nairobi Mr. Mohammad A. Al-Mishari.[27]

  • Kenya has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Nairobi.
 Lesotho 30 April 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 April 1973[28]
 Libya24 December 1961Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 December 1961.[29]
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Tripoli.
  • Libya has an embassy in Kuwait City.
 Madagascar 6 December 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1973[30]
 Malawi 19 June 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 June 1995[31]
 Mali 3 July 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 July 1963 when Mali's first Ambassador to Kuwait presented credentials to Amir Sheikh Abdullah Al-Salem Al-Sabah.[32]
 Mauritania 17 March 1970 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 March 1970[33]
 Mauritius 11 January 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 January 1976[34]
 Morocco26 October 1963Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 October 1963 when Mr. Al-Fatimi ibn Sulaiman presented his credentials as Ambassador of Morocco to Amir of Kuwait, Sheikh Abdullah Al-Salem Al-Sabah.[35]
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Rabat.
  • Morocco has an embassy in Kuwait City.
 Mozambique 20 May 1996 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 May 1996.[36]
 Namibia 27 March 1990 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 March 1990.[37]
 Niger 22 November 1966 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 November 1966[38]
 Sao Tome and Principe 9 January 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 January 1980[39]
 Senegal 16 August 1969 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 1969[40]
 Seychelles 11 July 1988 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 July 1988[41]
 Sierra Leone 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1980.[42]
 Somalia 29 July 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 July 1964[43]
 South Africa20 May 1994Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 May 1994[44]
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Pretoria.
  • South Africa has an embassy in Kuwait City.
 South Sudan 12 February 2013 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 2013[45]
 Sudan 6 January 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 January 1963.[46]
 Tanzania 19 January 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 January 1973[47]
 Tunisia24 June 1962Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1962.[48]
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Kuwait City.
 Uganda 28 June 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 1972[49]
 Zambia 12 November 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 November 1975[50]
 Zimbabwe 1991 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1991.[51]

Americas
Country Formal Relations started Notes
 Antigua and Barbuda 9 July 1998 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 July 1998[52]
 Argentina13 September 1968Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 September 1968[53]
  • Argentina has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
 Bahamas 9 March 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 March 1994[54]
 Barbados 22 August 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 August 1995.[55]
 Belize8 May 2006

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 May 2006[56]

 Bolivia 28 July 1986 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 July 1986[57]
 Brazil20 January 1968Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 January 1968[58]
  • Brazil has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Brasília.
 Canada27 April 1965

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1965.[59]

In 1965, official relations between Kuwait and Canada were launched when the US ambassador to Kuwait began to act as a non-resident ambassador to Canada.[60] In 1978, Canada opened its embassy in Kuwait City.[60] Kuwait opened its embassy in Ottawa in 1993.[60]

 Chile13 September 1961Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 September 1961[61]
  • Chile is accredited to Kuwait from its embassy in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Santiago.
 Colombia 26 December 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 December 1964[62]
 Costa Rica 22 September 2006 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 2006[63]
 Cuba 13 May 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 May 1974[64]
 Dominica 10 September 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 September 2021[65]
 Dominican Republic 18 October 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 October 1977[66]
 Ecuador 30 July 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 July 1975[67]
 El Salvador 9 December 1999 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1999[68]
 Grenada 17 May 2013 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 May 2013[69]
 Guatemala 12 December 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 December 1995[70]
 Guyana 17 August 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 August 1995[71]
 Haiti 5 September 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 September 2012[72]
 Honduras 7 June 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 June 1992.[73]
 Jamaica 14 November 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 November 1974.[74]
 Mexico23 July 1975See Kuwait–Mexico relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 1975[75]

 Nicaragua 27 June 1991 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1991[78]
 Panama 26 April 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 April 1976[79]
 Paraguay 23 February 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 February 1993[80]
 Peru 1 December 1975
Main article: Kuwait–Peru relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 1975[81]

  • Peru has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait is accredited to Peru from Santiago, Chile.
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 16 November 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 November 2012[82]
 Saint Lucia 31 January 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 January 2011[83]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 8 January 2013 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 2013[84]
 Trinidad and Tobago 3 September 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 September 1973[85]
 United States22 September 1961Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 1961[86]

See Kuwait–United States relations

United States Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Martin Dempsey, with Kuwaiti Prime Minister Sheikh Jaber Mubarak Al-Sabah in 2011.

The United States opened a consulate in Kuwait in October 1951, which was elevated to embassy status at the time of Kuwait's independence 10 years later.

 Venezuela13 September 1965Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 September 1965[87]
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Caracas.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Kuwait City.

Asia

Kuwait, is a member of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf, which includes, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Oman. These countries, have solid, and unbreakable bilateral relations. Citizens of these countries, may enter other GCC, country with their national ID. GCC citizens are allowed to reside at any other GCC, nation an unlimited period of time. They also follow the same economic plan, and give each other military, and Intelligence support. They also have similar, educational, social, plans. The GCC countries, discuss their foreign policies, as they try to maintain similar foreign policies. These six monarchies are also known as the oil-rich countries of the Middle East.

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Armenia 8 July 1994
  • Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries on 8 July 1994[88]
  • Armenia has an embassy in Kuwait city.
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Yerevan.
 Azerbaijan 10 October 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 October 1994[89]
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Baku.
 Bahrain2 September 1971See Bahrain–Kuwait relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 September 1971[90]

  • Bahrain has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Manama.
 Bangladesh 9 March 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 March 1974[91]
 Bhutan 23 May 1983 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 May 1983[92]
 Brunei Darussalam 1 May 1990 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 May 1990[93]
 Cambodia 16 July 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 July 1994[94]
 China22 March 1971

China and Kuwait established diplomatic relations on 22 March 1971.[95] In 2007, Kuwait exported $2.3 billion worth of goods to China ($2.1 billion of which was oil) and Kuwait imported $1.3 billion of goods from China.

In 2007, Kuwait supplied China with 95,000 barrels (15,100 m3) of oil per day, accounting for 2.6% of China's total crude oil imports. Saudi Arabia was China's top supplier with its shipments jumping 69.8 percent to 3.84 million tons (939,000 bbl/d), followed by Angola with 2.06 million tons (503,000 bbl/d), down 27.1 percent. Iran became third, with imports from the country shrinking 35.3 percent to 1.18 million tons (289,000 bbl/d). China is the world's second-biggest oil consumer after the US. Abdullatif Al-Houti, managing director of International Marketing at state-run Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC), told KUNA in October that Kuwait is on course for its China-bound crude oil export target of 500,000 bbl/d (79,000 m3/d) by 2015, but success will heavily depend on the Sino-Kuwaiti refinery project. The two countries have been in talks for the planned 300,000 bbl/d (48,000 m3/d) refinery in China's southern Guangdong Province. The complex is expected to be on-stream by 2020.[96][97][98]

In July 2018, the State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence signed an agreement with the Government of Kuwait to increase cooperation in the defense industry.[99] China also agreed to increase investment in the Kuwaiti energy sector.[99]

In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including Kuwait, have signed a joint letter to the UNHRC defending China's treatment of Uyghurs in the Xinjiang region.[100]

In June 2020, Kuwait was one of 53 countries backed the Hong Kong national security law at the United Nations.[101]

 Georgia 3 September 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 September 1992[102]
 India26 March 1962See India–Kuwait relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 March 1962 when India and Kuwait have decided to raise their diplomatic missions to Embassy level.[103]

India and Kuwait enjoy mutual relationship due to the strategic position of both nations in the important lane of trade and development of Asia.

India and Kuwait enjoy traditionally friendly relations. These are based in history and have stood the test of time. Geographic proximity, historical trade links, cultural affinities and presence of a large number of Indian expatriates continue to sustain and nurture this long standing relationship. India has been a natural trading partner and a destination for higher learning. Until 1961, the Indian Rupee was the legal tender in Kuwait. High level visits from India to Kuwait have included those by Vice President of India Dr. Zakir Husain in 1965, by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1981 and by Vice President of India Shri M Hamid Ansari in 2009. High level visits from Kuwait to India have included those by the Crown Prince and Prime Minister Sheikh Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah in November 1964, the Amir Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmed Al-Jaber Al-Sabah in 1980 and again in 1983 (for the NAM Summit), and the Amir Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmed Al-Jaber Al-Sabah in 2006.

According to the Kuwaiti Ministry of Interior, there are approximately 600,000 Indians, who constitute the largest expatriate community in Kuwait. The Indian community is regarded as the community of first preference among the expatriates in Kuwait. Kuwait views India as a fast-growing economy and a source of highly qualified professional and technical personnel. A large proportion of the Indian expatriates are unskilled and semi-skilled workers. Professionals like engineers, doctors, chartered accountants, scientists, software experts, management consultants, architects; skilled workers like technicians and nurses; semi-skilled workers; retail traders and businessmen are also present in the Indian community.

Of late, there has been an increase in the number of highly qualified Indian experts in hi-tech areas, especially in the software and financial sector in Kuwait. In the field of health, India not only supplies top specialists but also para-medical staff who enjoy high reputation.

The total remittance from Kuwait to India is estimated to be upwards of US$3 billion annually.

Approximately 300 associations exist within the Indian community in Kuwait, representing a variety of regional, professional and cultural interests. Of these, 128 Associations are presently registered with the Embassy. Cultural events are organised regularly by these associations through the year, to which leading Indian artistes are often invited.

There are 18 Indian Schools in Kuwait affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi.

 Indonesia 14 January 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 January 1963[104]
 Iran17 December 1961See Iran–Kuwait relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 December 1961.[105]

Iran and Kuwait signed a demarcation agreement in 1965.[106]

On 13 July 2008, Kuwait's Speaker of the Parliament Jassem Al-Kharafi publicly accused the West of provoking Iran on the nuclear issue. In his interview with state-owned Kuwait TV, Al-Kharafi said, "What is happening is that there are provocative Western statements, and Iran responds in the same way... I believe that a matter this sensitive needs dialogue not escalation, and it shouldn't be dealt with as if Iran were one of America's states."[107]

 Iraq10 January 1964See Iraq–Kuwait relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1964.[108]Diplomatic relations severed on 2 August 1990 when then Iraqi president Saddam Hussein sent his forces to occupy the small Gulf emirate and restore diplomatic relations on 2 August 2004.[109] On March 2, 2021, Iraqi official said that Iraq has so far paid $49.5 billion in war reparations to Kuwait.

Mazhar Salih, an adviser to the Prime Minister, told Al-Sabaah newspaper that Iraq's dues now amount to only $2.5 billion.[110]

 IsraelSee Israel–Kuwait relations

Kuwait has no diplomatic ties with Israel, and boycotts Israeli products.[111] In January 2014, Kuwait boycotted a renewable energy conference attended by Israel in Abu Dhabi, because Kuwait opposes normalization of ties with Israel.[112]

In December 2008, Kuwaiti lawmakers protested in front of the Kuwait National Assembly Building against Israel during the Gaza War. The Kuwaiti lawmakers burned Israeli flags, waved banners reading, "No to hunger, no to submission" and chanted "Allahu Akbar". Israel launched air strikes against Hamas in the Gaza Strip on December 26 after Hamas launched rockets into the Israeli town of Sderot following the expiration of a six-month ceasefire on December 18. On January 3, 2009, MPs protested in front of the National Assembly again.[113] After Friday prayers on January 8, 2009, Jamaan Al-Harbash and several other MPs urged Arab leaders to take a stronger stand against the Israeli attacks and open Rafah Crossing to end an embargo imposed by Israel on the residents of Gaza.[114]

In November 2012, Kuwait and the World Bank concluded an agreement according to which Kuwait contributed a US$50 million grant to the World Bank's Palestinian Reform and Development Program (PRDP).[115]

 Japan8 December 1961

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 December 1961.[116]

The two nations have agreed to work together on the security of the oil trade route that connects them.[117]

 Jordan2 December 1961

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 December 1961[19]

Jordan and Kuwait had weak relations after the Gulf War, because of Jordan's stand with Iraq. Things have shifted, however, as the two nations forgot the past, and King Abdullah II and the Emir of Kuwait have worked to restore and strengthen relations. Currently the two countries have "outstanding relations". Kuwait is also a large investor and donor to Jordan.

 Kazakhstan 11 January 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 January 1993[118]
 Kyrgyzstan 14 December 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 December 1994[119]
 Laos 14 July 2008 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 July 2008[120]
 Lebanon27 September 1961Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 1961[121]
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Kuwait City.
 Malaysia28 March 1965See Kuwait–Malaysia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1965[122]

  • Kuwait has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Kuwait City.[123] Relations are mainly in economic cooperation.
 Maldives 1 December 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 1977[124]
 Mongolia 17 June 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 June 1975[125]
 Myanmar 16 December 1998 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 December 1998[126]
   Nepal 25 February 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 February 1972[127]
 Northern Cyprus Northern Cyprus has a Representative Office in Kuwait City.[128]
 North Korea 4 April 2001 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 April 2001[129]
 Pakistan21 July 1963See Kuwait–Pakistan relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 July 1963 when Kuwait opens Embassy in Islamabad.[130]

The relationship between Kuwait and Pakistan are exemplary, brotherly, historical and deep based on shared history, traditions and common culture.[131] Kuwait and Pakistan have always enjoyed deep economic and cultural ties.[132]

After the end of the first Gulf War in 1991 Pakistani army engineers were involved in a programme of mine clearance in the country.[133] Kuwait was also the first country to send aid to isolated mountain villages in Kashmir after the quake of 2005,[134] also offering the largest amount of aid in the aftermath of the quake ($100m).[135]

 Philippines 18 January 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1979[136]
 Qatar15 December 1971See Kuwait–Qatar relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1971.[137]

  • Kuwait has an embassy in Doha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Kuwait City.
 Saudi Arabia5 October 1961

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1961.[138]

Although Kuwait and Saudi Arabia have good relations and cooperate within OPEC and the GCC, Riyadh disputes Kuwait's ownership of the Qaruh and Umm al Maradim islands.[139]

 Singapore 18 November 1985 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 November 1985[140]
 South Korea11 June 1979

The Republic of Korea and Kuwait have had diplomatic relations since 11 June 1979.[141] On 2 March 2015, foreign minister Yun Byung-se and his Kuwaiti counterpart Sheikh Sabah Al-Khalid Al-Hamad Al-Sabah signed a bilateral Agreement on the mutual waiver of visa requirements for holders of diplomatic, official, and special passports in the presence of the heads of state of the Republic of Korea and Kuwait.[142]

 Sri Lanka 19 February 1971 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 1971.[143]
 Syria24 October 1963

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 October 1963[144]

Kuwait–Syria relations became somewhat strained due to the Syrian Civil War after Kuwait closed its embassies along with the rest of the Arab States of the Persian Gulf. Bilaterial relations have since come to focus on humanitarian efforts for Syria instead. For example, Kuwait has hosted three international pledging conferences in 2013, 2014 and 2015, raising 1.5bn,[145] 2.4bn[146] and 3.8bn[147] respectively. Relations between the two countries have since normalized.

In 2016, Kuwait co-hosted the Supporting Syria and the Region Conference in London along with the United Kingdom, Kuwait, Germany and Norway.[148] The conference resulted in a record $10 billion pledge.[148]

 Tajikistan 31 March 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 March 1995[149]
 Thailand 14 June 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 June 1963[150]
 Turkey10 January 1964Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1964[151]

See Kuwait–Turkey relations

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Turkey describes the current relations at "outstanding levels".[152] Bilateral trade between the two countries is worth around $275 million. The two countries have recently signed fifteen agreements for cooperation in tourism, health, environment, economy, commercial exchange and oil.[153]

 Turkmenistan 13 January 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 January 1995[154]
 United Arab Emirates8 March 1972See Kuwait–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 March 1972[155]

  • Kuwait has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Kuwait City.
 Uzbekistan 8 July 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 July 1994[156]
 Vietnam10 January 1976

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1976[157]

Kuwait was the first country in the GCC that Vietnam chose to establish its trade representative office in 1993, and embassy in 2003. The former Prime Minister of Kuwait Sheikh Nasser Al-Mohammed Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah and Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung in 2009 visited each other's countries.[158]

 Yemen

As a member of the UN Security Council in 1990 and 1991, Yemen abstained on a number of resolutions concerning the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait and voted against the "use of force resolution." Kuwait responded by cancelling aid programs, cutting diplomatic contact, and expelling thousands of Yemeni workers.[159]

Europe
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Albania8 August 1968Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 August 1968[160]
Kuwait – Albania friendship monument

Albania and Kuwait are members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. The restoration of Skanderbeg Square in Albanian capital Tirana is funded by a grant from the State of Kuwait.

  • Albania has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Tirana.
 Andorra 17 March 2008 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 March 2008[161]
 Austria 6 June 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 June 1965 when Austria's first Ambassador presents his credentials to the Amir of Kuwait, Sheikh Abdullah Al-Salem Al-Sabah.[162]
 Belarus 25 May 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 May 1992[163]
 Belgium 8 April 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 April 1964 when first Belgian ambassador to Kuwait presented his credentials to Amir Sheikh Abdullah Al-Salem.[164]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 4 January 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 January 1993[165]
 Bulgaria 15 June 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 June 1963[166]
 Croatia 8 October 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 October 1994[167]
 Cyprus3 May 2005Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 May 2005[168]

See Cyprus-Kuwait relations

Cyprus and Kuwait can be described as excellent with various exchange visits between the two countries.

  • Cyprus has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Nicosia.
 Czech Republic 27 May 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 May 1963[169]
 Denmark25 April 1964

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 April 1964.[170]

On 6 November 2006, the Kuwaiti parliament voted 22–15 to approve severing diplomatic ties with Denmark over the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy and spending about US$50 (€39.20) million to defend Muhammad's image in the West. Both votes were nonbinding, meaning the Cabinet does not have to abide by them. Kuwaiti lawmaker Abdulsamad voted in favor of cutting diplomatic ties, saying, "We have to cut diplomatic and commercial ties with Denmark...We don't have to eat Danish cheese."[171] Al-Rashid voted against cutting diplomatic ties, arguing that Muslims have to be positive and remember that it were some individuals, not governments, who insulted Muhammad. Al-Rashid was quoted as saying, "We here in Kuwait curse Christians in many of our mosques, should those (Christian) countries boycott Kuwait?"[171]

 Estonia 28 October 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 October 1994[172]
 Finland 21 February 1969 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1969[173]
 Germany 20 May 1964[174] See Germany–Kuwait relations
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Berlin.
  • Germany has an embassy in Kuwait City.
 Greece3 January 1965

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 January 1965[175]

Greece was one of the 34 member countries in the coalition which assisted in the liberation of Kuwait from Iraq in 1991 during the Gulf War. Greece also participated in the UNICOM mission to patrol the demilitarized zone along the Kuwait-Iraq border.[176]

  • Greece has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Athens.
 Holy See21 October 1968Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 October 1968[177]
  • Holy See has an apostolic nunciature in Kuwait City.
 Hungary 4 May 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 May 1964[178]
 Iceland 26 April 1996 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 April 1996[179]
 Ireland 5 October 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1974[180]
 Kosovo16 January 2013
  • Kuwait recognised the Republic of Kosovo on 11 October 2011.[181]
  • Kosovo and Kuwait established diplomatic relations on 16 January 2013.[182]
 Latvia 15 July 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 July 1994[183]
 Liechtenstein 16 June 2008 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 June 2008[184]
 Lithuania 5 April 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 April 1994[185]
 Luxembourg 8 March 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 March 1980[186]
 Malta 3 October 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1972[187]
 Moldova 11 January 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 January 1993[188]
 Monaco 19 July 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 July 2018[189]
 Montenegro 27 July 2010 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 July 2010[190]
 North Macedonia 16 June 1997 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 June 1997[191]
 Norway 30 June 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 1965[192]
 Poland13 May 1963Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 May 1963[193]
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Kuwait City.
 Portugal 8 April 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 April 1975[194]
 Romania 10 June 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1963[195]
 Russia 11 March 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 March 1963[196]
 San Marino 13 March 2014 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 March 2014[197]
 Serbia 7 May 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 May 1963[198]
 Slovakia 1 January 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1993[199]
 Slovenia 5 October 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1994[200]
 Spain17 April 1964See Kuwait–Spain relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 April 1964[201]

  • Kuwait has an embassy in Madrid.
  • Spain has an embassy in Kuwait City.
 Sweden 22 December 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 December 1964 when Sweden opens its Embassy in Kuwait.[202]
  Switzerland 21 February 1966 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1966[203]
 Ukraine 18 April 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 April 1993[204]
 United Kingdom8 October 1961

The diplomatic relations between two countries were started on 8 October 1961 and Kuwait's first ambassador to London was Khalifa Al Ghunaim.[205]

On August 29, 2023, a protest against the ULEZ scheme coincided with a meeting between Crown Prince Sheikh Meshal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah of Kuwait and UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak at Downing Street. They discussed an emerging UK-Kuwait investment partnership aimed at diversifying sectors such as technology and life sciences.[206]

Oceania
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Australia1 July 1974Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1974[207]
  • Australia has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Canberra.
 Fiji 28 September 2005 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 September 2005[208]
 Kiribati 4 March 2014 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 March 2014[209]
 Marshall Islands 27 September 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 1995[210]
 Micronesia 1 September 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 September 2016[211]
 Nauru 9 April 2013 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 April 2013[212]
 New Zealand9 April 1986Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 April 1986 when Ambassador of New Zealand to Bahrain, Mr. Daniel Richards, presented his credentials to Emir of Kuwait Sheikh Jabir al-Ahmed al-Jabir Al Sabah.[213]
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Wellington.
  • New Zealand is accredited to Kuwait from its embassy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
 Palau 26 May 2015 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 May 2015[214]
 Solomon Islands 18 October 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 October 1995[215]
 Tonga 2 September 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 September 2021[216]
 Tuvalu 29 November 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 2012[217]
 Vanuatu 8 November 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 November 2012[218]

See also

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