Foreign relations of Oman

When Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said assumed power in 1970, Oman had limited contacts with the outside world, including neighbouring Arab states. A special treaty relationship permitted the United Kingdom close involvement in Oman's civil and military affairs. Ties with the United Kingdom remained very close throughout Sultan Qaboos' reign, along with strong ties to the United States.

Nations with which Oman has diplomatic relations.
Politics of Oman

Arab League Member State of the Arab League

Basic Statute
Monarchy
Cabinet
Council
Elections
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations
Related topics
flag Oman portal

The Sultanate of Oman is the oldest independent state in the Arab World. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia on the western side, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in the northwest and Yemen in the southwest. Oman has two enclaves (Madha and the Musandam peninsula) within the land borders of the UAE. Oman also has maritime borders with Iran and Pakistan. The Arabian Sea lies to Oman's southeast and the Gulf of Oman to the northeast. Although partially under Portuguese occupation during the 16th to mid-17th century, Oman had its own empire in East Africa from the early 18th to the mid-19th century. Oman has a population of 4.2 million (2018). Foreign expatriates are estimated to make up to 45 per cent of the population. Administratively, Oman is divided into six regions. Its national day, 18 November, is the birthday of the former Sultan, HM Qaboos bin Said Al-Said. Oman's capital is Muscat on the northern coast.

Political overview

Since 1970, Oman has pursued a moderate foreign policy and expanded its diplomatic relations dramatically. It supported the 1979 Camp David accords and was one of three Arab League states, along with Somalia and Sudan, which did not break relations with Egypt after the signing of the Egypt–Israel peace treaty in 1979. During the Persian Gulf crisis, Oman assisted the United Nations coalition effort. Oman has developed close ties to its neighbours; it joined the six-member Gulf Cooperation Council when it was established in 1980.

Oman has traditionally supported Middle East peace initiatives, as it did those in 1983. In April 1994, Oman hosted the plenary meeting of the Water Working Group of the peace process, the first Persian Gulf state to do so.

The Sixth International Conference in support of the Palestinian Intifada, Tehran, 21 February 2017

During the Cold War period, Oman avoided relations with communist countries because of the communist support for the insurgency in Dhofar. In recent years, Oman has undertaken diplomatic initiatives in the Central Asian republics, particularly in Kazakhstan, where it is involved in a joint oil pipeline project. In addition, Oman maintains good relations with Iran, its north-eastern neighbor across the Gulf of Oman, and the two countries regularly exchange delegations. Oman is an active member in international and regional organizations, notably the Arab League and the Gulf Cooperation Council. Its foreign policy is overseen by its Foreign Ministry.

In 2023, Oman established foreign relations with the Holy See, with a signing ceremony taking place at the in New York City.[1]

International disputes
See also: Territorial disputes in the Persian Gulf

The northern boundary with the United Arab Emirates has not been bilaterally defined; the northern section in the Musandam Peninsula is an administrative boundary.

Bilateral relations
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Albania 7 December 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 December 1992[2]
 Andorra 10 March 2008 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 March 2008[3]
 Angola 12 December 2005 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 December 2005[4]
 Antigua and Barbuda 5 October 2006 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 2006[5]
 Argentina 18 June 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 June 1974[6]
 Armenia7 July 1992

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1992.[7] Oman has an honorary consulate in Yerevan.

 Austria 19 December 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 December 1973[8]
 Azerbaijan 13 July 1992
  • The Sultanate of Oman recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan from the Soviet Union on 30 December 1991.[9]
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 July 1992[10]
 Bahamas 10 January 2023 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 2023[11]
 Bangladesh 18 December 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 December 1974[12]
 Belarus 23 July 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 1992[13]
 Belgium 22 May 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 May 1974 when first Ambassador of Belgium to Oman, Guy Copette, presented his credentials to Sultan Qabous[14]
 Belize3 March 2006

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 March 2006[15]

 Benin 16 November 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 November 2018[16]
 Bhutan 15 March 2013 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 March 2013[17]
 Bolivia 16 December 1986 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 December 1986[18]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 January 1996 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 January 1996[19]
 Brazil3 July 1974Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 July 1974[20]
  • Brazil has an embassy in Muscat.
  • Oman has an embassy in Brasília.
 Brunei24 March 1984Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 March 1984[21]

See Brunei–Oman relations

Brunei has an embassy in Muscat, and Oman has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan.[22] Relations have been established since 24 March 1984. Both countries are former protectorates of European powers (the British for Brunei and first the Portuguese and later the British for Oman), and both are now governed by an Islamic absolute monarchy.[22][23][24]

 Burkina Faso 5 October 1981 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1981[25]
 Burundi 3 March 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 March 1975[26]
 Cabo Verde 22 May 2006 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 May 2006[27]
 Cambodia 16 November 2009 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 November 2009[28]
 Cameroon 30 November 1998 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 November 1998[29]
 Canada2 February 1974

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 February 1974[30]

In September 2016, Oman played an important role in securing the release of Homa Hoodfar, an Iranian-Canadian citizen and professor at Concordia University. She had been held prisoner in Iran's Evin Prison since 6 June 2016. This happened soon after a secretive meeting between Canada's prime minister, Justin Trudeau, and Oman's Minister Responsible for Foreign Affairs, Yusuf bin Alawi bin Abdullah.[31]

 Chad 1 December 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 1973[32]
 Chile 23 February 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 February 1976[33]
 China25 May 1978Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 May 1978[34]
  • China has an embassy in Muscat.
  • Oman has an embassy in Beijing.

In June 2020, Oman was one of 53 countries that backed the Hong Kong national security law at the United Nations.[35]

 Colombia 25 July 1985 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 July 1985[36]
 Comoros 9 January 1981 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 January 1981[37]
 Costa Rica 19 December 2007 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 December 2007[38]
 Cote d'Ivoire 28 January 1991 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 January 1991[39]
 Croatia 30 June 1997 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 1997[40]
 Cuba 23 May 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 May 1994[41]
 Dominican Republic 17 March 2010 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 March 2010[42]
 Egypt27 November 1972

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 November 1972[43]

Oman was the only Arab state besides Sudan under Jaafar Nimeiry to maintain good relations with Anwar al Sadat after Egypt recognized Israel. An NGO which launched a probe into foreign funding of organizations in Egypt found that Oman, along with the United Arab Emirates, donated $14.1 million to the Mohamed Alaa Mubarak institute, which was named after Hosni Mubarak's grandson.[44]

 El Salvador 14 April 2008 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 April 2008[45]
 Eritrea 30 April 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 April 1994[46]
 Estonia 23 September 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 September 1992[47]
 Eswatini 18 September 2013 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 September 2013[48]
 Ethiopia 7 February 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 February 1995[49]
 Fiji 12 July 2010 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 July 2010[50]
 Finland 1 April 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 April 1973[51]
 France5 January 1972Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 January 1972[52]
  • France has an embassy in Muscat.
  • Oman has an embassy in Paris.
 Gabon 30 March 1981 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 March 1981[53]
 Georgia 16 April 2008 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 April 2008[54]
 Germany 16 May 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 May 1972[55]

See Germany–Oman relations

  • Germany has an embassy in Muscat.
  • Oman has an embassy in Berlin.
 Ghana 8 March 1989 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 March 1989[56]
 Greece 1 October 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1973[57]
 Guatemala 13 October 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 October 1993[58]
 Guyana 17 January 1996 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 January 1996[59]
 Hungary 20 June 1990 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 June 1990[60]
 Iceland 26 February 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 February 1992[61]
 India25 July 1971Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 July 1971, when Level of Indian representation raised to Embassy[62]

See India-Oman relations

India–Oman relations are foreign relations between India and the Sultanate of Oman. India has an embassy in Muscat, Oman. The Indian consulate was opened in Muscat in February 1955, and five years later it was upgraded to a consulate general and later developed into a full-fledged embassy in 1971. The first ambassador of India arrived in Muscat in 1973. Oman established its embassy in New Delhi in 1972 and a consulate general in Mumbai in 1976.

India has been considering the construction of a 1,100-km-long underwater gas pipeline from Oman for transporting natural gas. Called the South Asia Gas Enterprise (SAGE), it will act as an alternative to the Iran–Pakistan–India pipeline. The proposed sub-sea pipeline will meet the additional gas requirement of the UAE, Oman, and India, besides easing gas transportation issues of producing countries like Turkmenistan, Iran and Qatar. The project has been slow in materialising although it was first mooted in 1985.[63][64][65][66]

$5.6 bn Oman-India energy pipeline plans progressing: Fox Petroleum Group envisions a roughly five-year timeframe for the execution of the pipeline project.[67]

Ajay Kumar, the chairman and managing director of Fox Petroleum, based in New Delhi, which is an associate company of Fox Petroleum FZC in the UAE, said that Mr Modi had "fired the best weapon of economic development and growth". "He has given a red carpet for global players to invest in India," Mr Kumar added. "It will boost all sectors of industry – especially for small-scale manufacturing units and heavy industries too. Ajay Kumar, chairman and managing director of Fox Petroleum, said, “In the last few years, deepsea gas pipeline technology has matured. Since India has serious security concerns with regard to pipeline projects over land, a deepsea pipeline is probably the most promising option. This 1,600-kilometer OIMPP project intends to transport 8 trillion cubic feet of natural gas to India over a period of 20 years. The pipeline is planned to be about 1,300 kilometers long in Phase I, and 300 kilometers more to connect Mumbai, laid at a depth of 3,400 meters below the seabed. It will connect the Middle East Compression Station near Oman with the receiving terminal near Gujarat.”

A week prior to the Iran-P5+1 Framework Agreement, Fox Petroleum issued a proposal for the construction of the Oman-India Multi-Purpose Pipeline (OIMPP), a deep water pipeline system to transport Iranian natural gas via Oman to a receiving terminal on the coast of India's Gujarat state. Costing an estimated $5.6 billion, the 1,600 km pipeline would transport 8 trillion cubic meters over a 20-year period. Citing recent advances in deep-sea pipeline technology, Fox Petroleum's chairman asserted that gas imports to India via OIMPP would be less expensive than India's LNG imports by $1.5–2 per million BTU. The same pipeline system could also be used to transport natural gas from Qatar to India, thereby creating a nexus of Persian Gulf natural gas suppliers oriented toward supplying the world's fast growing major economy. And, as Modi intimated in Ashgabat the potential would even exist for Turkmenistan to export its gas to India across Iran and via the undersea pipeline.

Source: [67] [68] [69] [70] [71] [72]

 Indonesia 1 January 1978 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1978[73]
 Iran 26 August 1971 See Iran–Oman relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 August 1971[74]

 Italy 26 January 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 January 1972[75]
 Jamaica 27 May 1986 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 May 1986[76]
 Japan 8 May 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 May 1972[77]
 Kazakhstan 27 April 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1992[78]
 Kenya4 March 1976Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 March 1976[79]

See Kenya–Oman relations

  • Kenya has an embassy in Muscat.
  • Oman has an embassy in Nairobi.
 Laos 9 March 2005 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 March 2005[80]
 Latvia 5 February 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 February 1993[81]
 Lebanon 2 January 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 January 1973[82]
 Lithuania 22 September 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 1992[83]
 Luxembourg 15 September 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 September 1980[84]
 Madagascar 29 June 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 June 2016[85]
 Malawi 7 December 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 December 2016[86]
 Malaysia15 January 1982See Malaysia–Oman relations

Malaysia and Oman established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1982.[87] Since that, bilateral trade between Malaysia and Oman stood at nearly RM500 million during January–October 2010, with Malaysia's main exports to Oman being edible oil, machinery, appliances and parts, wood products, electrical and electronic products.

 Maldives 20 February 1981 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1981[88]
 Mexico31 July 1975Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 July 1975[89]

See Mexico–Oman relations

  • Mexico is accredited to Oman from its embassy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and maintains an honorary consulate in Muscat.[90]
  • Oman is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.[91]
 Moldova 25 June 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1992[92]
 Monaco 20 February 2013 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 2013[93]
 Mongolia 27 April 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1992[94]
 Montenegro 11 April 2007 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 April 2007[95]
 Mozambique 4 May 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 May 1993[96]
 Myanmar 14 December 2010 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 December 2010[97]
 Namibia 27 February 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 February 2018[98]
   Nepal 21 January 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 January 1977[99]
 New Zealand 5 September 1985 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 September 1985[100]
 Nicaragua 26 September 1991 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 1991[101]
 Niger 3 September 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 September 1980[102]
 Nigeria 8 January 1981 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1981[103]
 North Macedonia 28 December 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 December 1995[104]
 Norway 15 April 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 April 1980[105]
 Pakistan15 October 1971Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 October 1971, when Pakistani Consulate-General in Muscat upgraded to Embassy[106]

See Oman–Pakistan relations

The relationship between Islamabad and Muscat is warm, because it is the nearest Arab country to Pakistan and the fact that some 30% of Omanis are of Balochi origin from Pakistan's Balochistan province, having settled in Oman over a hundred years ago. In 1958 Gwadar was part of Oman but was transferred to Pakistan in that year.

 Panama 25 February 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 February 1994[107]
 Paraguay 15 November 2005 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 November 2005[108]
 Peru 14 May 1986 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 May 1986[109]
 Philippines 6 October 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1980[110]
 Poland 24 January 1990 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 January 1990[111]
 Portugal 26 October 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 October 1979[112]
 Qatar27 June 1972See Oman–Qatar relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1972[113]

  • Oman has an embassy in Doha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Muscat.
 Romania 1 May 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 May 1974[114]
 Russia26 September 1985See Oman–Russia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 1985[115]

  • Oman has an embassy Moscow.
  • Russia has an embassy in Muscat.
 Saint Lucia 28 March 1984 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1984[116]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1 April 2019 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 April 2019[117]
 Sao Tome and Principe 15 September 1997 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 September 1997[118]
 Saudi Arabia14 December 1971See Oman–Saudi Arabia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 December 1971[119]

  • Oman has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate in Jeddah.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Muscat.
 Senegal 25 December 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 December 1975[120]
 Serbia 4 May 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 May 1974[121]
 Seychelles 13 April 1983 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 April 1983[122]
 Sierra Leone 10 December 1982 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1982[123]
 Singapore 21 February 1985 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1985[124]
 Slovakia 3 March 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 March 1993[125]
 Slovenia 13 December 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 December 1995[126]
 Solomon Islands 19 September 2023 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 September 2023[127]
 South Africa 4 October 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 October 1995[128]
 South Korea28 March 1974

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1974[129]

The Republic of Korea-Oman Agreement on the mutual waiver of visa requirements for holders of diplomatic, official, special and service passports came into effect on 11 April 2015. The agreement allowed citizens of the two countries with valid diplomatic, official, special, or service passports to stay in each other's territories without visa for up to 90 days. The agreement was made to help promote inter-governmental and people-to-people exchanges as well as substantive cooperation between the two countries.[130]

 South Sudan 11 June 2013 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 June 2013[131]
 Spain10 November 1972Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 November 1972[132]

See Oman–Spain relations

  • Oman has an embassy in Madrid.
  • Spain has an embassy in Muscat.
 Sri Lanka 17 February 1981 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 February 1981[133]
 Suriname 13 July 1999 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 July 1999[134]
 Sweden 15 March 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 March 1974[135]
  Switzerland 12 September 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1973[136]
 Tajikistan 15 November 2007 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 November 2007[137]
 Tanzania9 January 1981Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 January 1981[138]
 Thailand 30 July 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 July 1980[139]
 Timor-Leste 30 March 2022 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 March 2022[140]
 Togo 5 June 2017 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 June 2017[141]
 Trinidad and Tobago 27 March 2023 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 March 2023[142]
 Turkey 18 June 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 June 1973[143]
 Turkmenistan 29 May 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 May 1992[144]
 Ukraine 19 May 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 May 1992[145]
 United Arab Emirates1 April 1973See Oman–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established full diplomatic relations on 1 April 1973[146]

In December 2010, Oman discovered a spy network operated by the United Arab Emirates which collected information on Oman's military and government. They were reportedly interested in who would replace Qaboos as his heir and about Oman's relations with Iran.[147][148] Kuwait mediated in the dispute.[149]

 United Kingdom28 June 1971Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 1971, when announcement that Oman and Her Majesty's Government have agreed to raise the level of representation to Embassy[150]

See Oman–United Kingdom relations

Relations between the United Kingdom and Oman are strong and strategic.[151] In April 2010 the government of Oman stated that it wanted to buy Eurofighter Typhoons from the UK.[151] The United Kingdom has an embassy in Mina al Fahal[152] and Oman has an embassy in London.[153]

The Dhofar Rebellion was launched in the province of Dhofar against the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman and United Kingdom from 1962 to 1975. It ended with intervention of Iranian Imperial Forces and defeat of the rebels, but the state of Oman had to be radically reformed and modernized to cope with the campaign.

Queen Elizabeth II visited Oman in November 2010 to commemorate Oman's 40th National Day and take part in the tremendous celebrations in the Country. This was her second visit to the Sultanate (first being in 1979).

 United States17 April 1972Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 April 1972[154]

See Oman–United States relations

In 1974 and April 1983, Sultan Qaboos of Oman made state visits to the United States. Vice President George H. Bush visited Oman in 1984 and 1986, and President Bill Clinton visited briefly in March 2000. Vice President Dick Cheney visited Oman in 2002, 2005, 2006, and 2008. In March 2005, the U.S. and Oman launched negotiations on a Free Trade Agreement that were successfully concluded in October 2005. The FTA was signed on 19 January 2006, and is pending implementation.

 Uzbekistan 22 April 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 April 1992[155]
 Venezuela 26 September 1986 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 1986[156]
 Vietnam 9 June 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 June 1992[157]
 Zambia 2 June 1982 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 June 1982[158]
 Zimbabwe 15 June 1982 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 June 1982[159]

No Relations

Oman does not have diplomatic relations with the following:

See also

References
  1. Gagliarducci, Andrea (23 February 2023). "Holy See and Sultanate of Oman establish full diplomatic relations". Vatican News. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  2. Country Report: Oman, Yemen. The Unit. 1992. p. 12.
  3. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and Andorra as of 10 Mar. 2008". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  4. "Angola, Oman Sultanate Sign Bilateral Agreement". allAfrica. 13 December 2005. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  5. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and Antigua and Barbuda as of 5 Oct. 2006". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  6. "Comunicado Conjunto estableciendo Relaciones Diplomáticas entre el Gobierno de la República Argentina y el Gobierno del Sultanato de Omán". Biblioteca Digital de Tratados (in Spanish). Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  7. "Bilateral Relations". MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  8. Record of the Arab World: Yearbook of Arab and Israeli Politics, Volume 1. Research and Publishing House. 1973. p. 250.
  9. "Oman". mfa.gov.az. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
  10. "Bilateral diplomatic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Sultanate of Oman". Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  11. "Diplomatic Relations Between Bahamas and Oman as at 10 Jan. 2023". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  12. News Review on South Asia Volume 18. Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. 1975. p. 29.
  13. "Political cooperation". Embassy of the Republic of Belarus to the Arab Republic of Egypt. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  14. ARR Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1974. p. 31.
  15. "Diplomatic Relations Between Belize and Oman as of 3 Mar. 2006". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  16. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and Republic of Benin as of 16 Nov. 2018". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  17. "Diplomatic Relations between Oman and Bhutan as of 15 Mar. 2013". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  18. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and Bolivia as of 16 Dec. 1986". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  19. "Dates of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  20. "Sultanato de Omã". gov.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  21. "THE SULTANATE OF OMAN". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Brunei Darussalam. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  22. "Brunei-Oman Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Brunei). Archived from the original on 24 February 2014. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
  23. "Brunei and Oman: Strengthening Bilateral Relations". Asia Economic Institute. Archived from the original on 25 October 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
  24. Oxford Business Group (2009). The Report: Brunei Darussalam 2009. Oxford Business Group. pp. 36–. ISBN 978-1-907065-09-5. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  25. Le mois en Afrique Issues 188-193 (in French). 1981. p. 155.
  26. ARR: Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1975. p. 171.
  27. "Diplomatic Relations Between Cabo Verde and Oman as of 22 May 2006". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  28. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and Cambodia as of 16 Nov. 2009". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  29. "Cameroon and GCC". Cameroon Embassy in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
  30. "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Canadian Global Affairs Institute. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  31. Cochrane, David (26 September 2016). "Private meeting at UN between Trudeau team and Omani officials led to Hoodfar's release by Iran". CBC News. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
  32. Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa Issues 1412-1422. United States. Joint Publications Research Service · 1974. 1974. p. 8. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  33. Información comercial española boletin semanal. 1976. p. 3.
  34. "Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between the People's Republic of China and the Sultanate of Oman". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  35. Lawler, Dave (2 July 2020). "The 53 countries supporting China's crackdown on Hong Kong". Axios. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  36. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and Colombia as of 25 July 1985". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  37. Le mois en Afrique Issues 180-187 (in French). 1981. p. 158.
  38. "Diplomatic Relations Between Costa Rica and Oman as of 19 Dec. 2007". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  39. Daily Report, Near East & South Asia Index · Volume 4, Issue 2. NewsBank. 1992. p. 922.
  40. "Diplomatic Relations Between Croatia and Oman as of 30 June 1997". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  41. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and Cuba as of 23 May 1994". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  42. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and Dominican Republic as of 17 Mar. 2010". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  43. "Egypt, Oman celebrate 50th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations". sis.gov.eg. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  44. "Egypt Independent". Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  45. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and El Salvador as of 14 Apr. 2008". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  46. Eritrea Update. Provisional Government of Eritrea (EPLF), Mission to the USA and Canada. 1992. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  47. "Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia". vm.ee (in Estonian). Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  48. "Diplomatic Relations between Oman and Swaziland as of 18 Sept. 2013". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  49. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and Ethiopia as of 7 Feb. 1995". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  50. "Diplomatic Relations Between Fiji and Oman as of 12 July 2010". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  51. "Finland and Oman". finlandabroad.fi. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  52. "Année 1972 Index chronologique des documents intéressant le droit et les relations internationales parus à la Documentation française. p.1274". persee.fr (in French). Retrieved 28 April 2023.
  53. "Diplomatic relations between Gabon and Oman as of 30 Mar. 1981". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  54. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and Georgia as of 16 Apr. 2008". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  55. "Oman: Steckbrief". (Auswärtiges Amt Bundesrepublik Deutschland) (in German). Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  56. Country Report: Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, the Yemens. The Unit. 1988. p. 23.
  57. Record of the Arab World Yearbook of Arab and Israeli Politics · Volume 1. Research and Publishing House. 1973. p. 252.
  58. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and Guatemala as of 13 Oct. 1993". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  59. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and Guyana as of 17 Jan. 1996". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  60. Magyar Külpolitikai Évkönyv 1968-2010 Magyar Külpolitikai Évkönyv 1990 (in Hungarian). p. 85. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  61. "Iceland - Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Government of Iceland. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  62. "Calendar of events in 1971". Arabian Gulf Digital Archives. Retrieved 22 April 2023.
  63. "IOC seeks nod to join deep sea gas pipeline project of SAGE". The Hindu. 19 June 2012. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  64. "India considering deepwater gas pipeline from Oman: Report". The Economic Times. 20 September 2010. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  65. "The Oman-India Gas Pipeline Project: Need to Resurrect Again". Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  66. "India, Iran and Oman go under sea to build pipelines, change geopolitics – Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
  67. Prabhu, Conrad (26 May 2015). "$5.6 bn Oman-India energy pipeline plans progressing". Archived from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
  68. "Modi reveals plan to attract foreign investment into India". The National. 25 September 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
  69. "$5.6bn Oman-India pipeline plans on track". tradearabia.com. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
  70. "Fox Petroleum proposes to build Oman–India Multi-Purpose Pipeline project - Oil & Gas Financial Journal". Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  71. "Our events". Archived from the original on 1 September 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
  72. "5th International LNG Congress". lngcongress.com. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
  73. ARR Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1978. p. 17.
  74. Iran Almanac and Book of Facts. Echo of Iran. 1973. p. 158.
  75. "Bilateral relations". Embassy of the Sultanate of Oman, Rome, Italy. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  76. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and Jamaica as of 27 May 1986". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  77. 政府公表集: 對外關係. 1972. 1972. p. 65. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  78. "Kazakhstan and Oman diplomatic relations". Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Sultanate of Oman. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  79. Información comercial española boletin semanal. 1976. p. 3.
  80. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and Lao People's Democratic Republic as of 9 Mar. 2005". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  81. "Dates of Establishment and Renewal of Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Latvia. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  82. ARR: Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1973. p. 9.
  83. "List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations". mfa.lt. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  84. "Bulletin de documentation_1980_5" (PDF). sip.gouvernement.lu (in French). p. 34. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  85. "Diplomatic relations between Madagascar and Oman as of 29 June 2016". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  86. "Diplomatic relations between Oman and Malawi as of 7 Dec. 2016". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  87. "Bilateral relations". Embassy of the Sultanate of Oman, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
  88. "Avenues to Further Strengthen Maldives – Oman Relationship Discussed". corporatemaldives.com. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  89. "Hoy conmemoramos el 47 aniversario del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre México y Omán". Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores de México. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  90. "Embassy of Mexico in Saudi Arabia".
  91. "Honorary consulate of Oman in Mexico City".
  92. "Sultanatul Oman". mfa.gov.md (in Romanian). Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  93. "Diplomatic Relations between Oman and Monaco as of 20 Feb. 2013". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  94. "Diplomatic Relations Between Mongolia and Oman as of 27 Apr. 1992". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  95. "Diplomatic Relations Between Montenegro and Oman as of 11 Apr. 2007". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  96. "Diplomatic Relations Between Mozambique and Oman as of 4 May 1993". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  97. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and Myanmar as of 14 Dec. 2010". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  98. "Diplomatic relations between Namibia and Oman as of 27 February 2018". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  99. "Nepal Oman Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nepal. Retrieved 22 April 2023.
  100. New Zealand Foreign Affairs Review Volumes 35-36. 1985. p. 61.
  101. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and Nicaragua as of 26 Sept. 1991". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  102. Le Mois en Afrique, Issues 170-179 (in French). 1980. p. 140.
  103. Summary of World Broadcasts Non-Arab Africa Issues 6612-6661. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1981.
  104. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia as of 28 Dec. 1995". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  105. "Diplomatic relations between Norway and Oman as of 15 Apr. 1980". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  106. "Calendar of events in 1971". Arabian Gulf Digital Archives. Retrieved 22 April 2023.
  107. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and Panama as of 25 Feb. 1994". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  108. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and Paraguay as of 15 Nov. 2005". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  109. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and Peru as of 14 May 1986". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  110. "Bilateral relations". Embassy of the Sultanate of Oman, Manila, Philippines. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  111. "Poland in Saudi Arabia". gov.pl Website of the Republic of Poland. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  112. "Portal Diplomatico Republica Portuguesa". Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  113. ARR Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1972. p. 311.
  114. "Diplomatic Relations of Romania". mae.ro. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  115. "Bilateral relations". Embassy of the Sultanate of Oman, Moscow, Russian Federation. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  116. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and Saint Lucia as of 28 Mar. 1984". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  117. "Diplomatic Relations Between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Sultanate of Oman as of 1 Apr. 2019". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  118. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and Sao Tome and Principe as of 15 Sept. 1997". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  119. Alexei Vassiliev (September 2013). The History of Saudi Arabia. 2013. ISBN 9780863567797.
  120. Notes d'information et statistiques - Issues 235-240 (in French). Banque centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. 1976.
  121. ARR: Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1974. p. 8.
  122. "The new Ambassador of Sultanate of Oman to Seychelles accredited". statehouse.gov.sc. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  123. Le Mois en Afrique Issues 205-210 (in French). 1983. p. 173.
  124. "About the Embassy". mfa.gov.sg. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  125. "Omán: Zakladne informacie". mzv.sk (in Slovak). Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  126. "Priznanja samostojne Slovenije" (PDF). fotogalerija.dz-rs.si (in Slovenian). p. 6. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  127. "SI forges diplomatic relations with Republic of Chile and Oman". Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation. 20 September 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  128. RSA Oorsig Volume 8. South African Communication Service. 1995. p. 54.
  129. "Overview". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Korea. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  130. "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Press Releases". Archived from the original on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  131. "سلطنة عمان وجنوب السودان تقرران إقامة علاقات دبلوماسية بينهما". arabic.people.com.cn (in Arabic). Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  132. "«BOE» núm. 278, de 20 de noviembre de 1972, páginas 20651" (PDF). Boletâin oficial del estado: Gaceta de Madrid. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  133. "Dates of Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". mfa.gov.lk. p. 3. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  134. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and Suriname as of 13 July 1999". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  135. ARR Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1974. p. 87.
  136. "Aufnahme diplomatischer Beziehungen mit Bahrain, Katar, Oman und der Föderation der arabischen Emirate. Akkreditierung von Herrn Max Casanova als Botschafter in diesen Ländern, mit Sitz in Djeddah". dodis.ch (in German). Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  137. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and Tajikistan as of 15 Nov. 2007". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  138. "Diplomatic relations between Oman and United Republic of Tanzania as of 9 Jan. 1981". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  139. "รัฐสุลต่านโอมาน". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Thailand (in Thai). Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  140. "Diplomatic Relations Between Timor-Leste and Oman as of 30 Mar. 2022". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  141. "Oman, Togo set up diplomatic ties". Oman Observer. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  142. "Trinidad and Tobago and Oman establish diplomatic relations". foreign.gov.tt. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  143. Translations on Near East and North Africa Issues 1002-1010. Joint Publications Research Service. 1973. p. 37.
  144. "States with which Turkmenistan established diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Relations of Turkmenistan. 25 January 2017. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  145. "Middle East and Africa". mfa.gov.ua. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  146. ARR, Arab Report and Record. Vol. 1–18, 21–24. 1973. p. 29.
  147. "BBC News – Oman uncovers 'spy network' but UAE denies any links". BBC News. 31 January 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  148. "Oman says busts UAE spy network, UAE denies role". Reuters. 30 January 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  149. Defaiya (5 March 2011). "Kuwaiti Mediation Resolves Oman-UAE Spy Dispute". Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  150. "Calendar of events in 1971". Arabian Gulf Digital Archives. Retrieved 22 April 2023.
  151. "BBC News – Oman 'wants to buy' Eurofighter planes from the UK". Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  152. "UK and Oman". Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  153. Oman Embassy in the UK Archived 25 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  154. "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Oman". Office of the Historian Department of State USA. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  155. "States with which the Republic of Uzbekistan established diplomatic relations". Embassy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in Ukraine. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  156. "Diplomatic Relations Between Venezuela and Oman as of 26 Sept. 1986". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  157. "Diplomatic Relations Between Oman and Viet Nam as of 9 June 1992". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  158. Keesing's Contemporary Archives - Volume 28 - Page 31783. 1982.
  159. Le mois en Afrique Issues 200-204 (in French). 1982. p. 284.

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook. CIA.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.