Maria Bueno

Bueno in July 1964 at a tournament in the Netherlands.

Bueno was born in São Paulo.[4] Her father, a businessman, was a keen club tennis player.[5] Her elder brother Pedro was also a tennis player.[5] She began playing tennis aged six[4][6] at the Clube de Regatas Tiete in São Paulo and, without having received any formal training, won her first tournament at age 12.[7] She was 15 when she won her country's women's singles championship.[8] She first went abroad in 1957 at age 17 and won the Orange Bowl juniors tournament in Florida, USA.[9][10]

Joining the international circuit in 1958, Bueno won the singles title at the Italian Championships.[lower-alpha 1] The same year she gained the first of her Grand Slam titles, winning the women's doubles at Wimbledon with Althea Gibson.[12] The following year, Bueno won her first singles title at Wimbledon, defeating Darlene Hard in the final.[13] She also won the singles title at the U.S. Championships after a straight-sets victory in the final against Christine Truman, earning the World No. 1 ranking for 1959 and the Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year award.[14] Bueno was the first non-North-American woman to win both Wimbledon and the U.S. Championships in the same calendar year. In her native Brazil, she returned as a national heroine, honored by the country's president and given a ticker-tape parade on the streets of São Paulo.[15]

According to Lance Tingay of the Daily Telegraph and the Daily Mail and Bud Collins, Bueno was ranked in the world top ten from 1958 through 1960 and from 1962 through 1968, reaching a career high of World No. 1 in those rankings in 1959 and 1960.[16] The International Tennis Hall of Fame also lists her as the top ranked player in 1964 (after losing the final at the French Championships and winning both Wimbledon and the U.S. Championships) and 1966.

Bueno won the singles title at Wimbledon three times and at the U.S. Championships four times.[7] She was a singles finalist at the Australian Championships and the French Championships, losing both finals to Margaret Smith. Bueno reached at least the quarterfinals in each of the first 26 Grand Slam singles tournaments she played.[8] This streak ended at Wimbledon in 1967 when she lost in the fourth round because of an arm injury.

As a doubles player, Bueno won twelve Grand Slam championships with six different partners. In 1960, she became the first woman to win the women's doubles title at all four Grand Slam tournaments in the same calendar year, partnered with Christine Truman at the Australian Championships and Hard at the French Championships, Wimbledon, and the U.S. Championships.[17]

Her playing career was affected by various arm and leg injuries.[6][8] She played only intermittently after 1968; her final tournament win was the Japan Open in 1974, her only professional win.[4][8] She retired from playing in 1977.[18]

Her playing style was described as bold and aggressive; she had a hard serve, was a strong volleyer, and often came into the net.[8] Bud Collins described her as "incomparably balletic and flamboyant".[8] She did not use a coach,[6][8] and attributed her speed on the court to training with men.[6] The American player Billie Jean King acknowledged her as an influence.[19] She was also known for her on-court style, wearing tennis dresses designed by Ted Tinling.[6][8]

Bueno worked as a commentator for SporTV, a Brazilian cable television sports channel.[18]

Bueno died on 8 June 2018, aged 78, at a hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, where she had been admitted for mouth cancer.[20][4] She was diagnosed in 2016 with virulent Merkel-cell carcinoma, a rare and highly aggressive skin cancer.[21] A minute's applause in honour of Bueno was held as a tribute before the Women's Singles final at the 2018 French Open the day after her death.[22]

In 1959 Correios do Brasil issued a postal stamp honouring her title at the Wimbledon Ladies Singles Championships.[8] That same year the Associated Press voted her Female Athlete of the Year.[20] In 1978, Bueno was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island.[8]

Bueno was awarded the International Club's prestigious Jean Borotra Sportsmanship Award in 2003.

The Seniors World Team Championships for the women's 50 age category is named "Maria Esther Bueno Cup" by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) in her honour.[23] In 2015 the centre court of the Olympic Tennis Centre in Rio de Janeiro was named after her.[24]

In October 2018, Maria Esther Bueno received the Medal of Sporting Merit from the Chamber of Councilors of São Paulo, according to the Resolution 03/2014. The award is instituted within the scope of the Municipality of São Paulo, to be awarded annually to the entity or citizen of São Paulo in recognition of the relevance of services rendered in favor of sport in the Municipality of São Paulo, or that, in any case, have contributed to the aggrandizement of the sport or significantly encourage its practice, whether through personal goals achieved or activity with society.[25]

Bueno won 19 and lost 16 of her Grand Slam finals.[26][27] This represents a success rate of 54%.

Singles: 12 (7 titles, 5 runners-up)

Result	Year	Championship	Surface	Opponent	Score
Won	1959	Wimbledon	Grass	Darlene Hard	6–4, 6–3
Won	1959	U.S. Championships	Grass	Christine Truman	6–1, 6–4
Won	1960	Wimbledon (2)	Grass	Sandra Reynolds	8–6, 6–0
Lost	1960	U.S. Championships	Grass	Darlene Hard	4–6, 12–10, 4–6
Won	1963	U.S. Championships (2)	Grass	Margaret Court	7–5, 6–4
Lost	1964	French Championships	Clay	Margaret Court	7–5, 1–6, 2–6
Won	1964	Wimbledon (3)	Grass	Margaret Court	6–4, 7–9, 6–3
Won	1964	U.S. Championships (3)	Grass	Carole Caldwell Graebner	6–1, 6–0
Lost	1965	Australian Championships	Grass	Margaret Court	7–5, 4–6, 2–5, ret.
Lost	1965	Wimbledon	Grass	Margaret Court	4–6, 5–7
Lost	1966	Wimbledon	Grass	Billie Jean King	3–6, 6–3, 1–6
Won	1966	U.S. Championships (4)	Grass	Nancy Richey	6–3, 6–1

Doubles: 16 (11 wins, 5 runners-up)

Result	Year	Championship	Surface	Partner	Opponents	Score
Won	1958	Wimbledon	Grass	Althea Gibson	Margaret Osborne duPont Margaret Varner	6–3, 7–5
Lost	1958	U.S. Championships	Grass	Althea Gibson	Jeanne Arth Darlene Hard	6–2, 3–6, 4–6
Lost	1959	U.S. Championships	Grass	Sally Moore	Jeanne Arth Darlene Hard	2–6, 3–6
Won	1960	Australian Championships	Grass	Christine Truman	Lorraine Coghlan Robinson Margaret Court	6–2, 5–7, 6–2
Won	1960	French Championships	Clay	Darlene Hard	Ann Haydon-Jones Patricia Ward Hales	6–2, 7–5
Won	1960	Wimbledon (2)	Grass	Darlene Hard	Sandra Reynolds Renée Schuurman	6–4, 6–0
Won	1960	U.S. Championships	Grass	Darlene Hard	Ann Haydon-Jones Deidre Catt	6–1, 6–1
Lost	1961	French Championships	Clay	Darlene Hard	Sandra Reynolds Renée Schuurman	walkover
Won	1962	U.S. Championships (2)	Grass	Darlene Hard	Billie Jean Moffitt Karen Hantze Susman	4–6, 6–3, 6–2
Won	1963	Wimbledon (3)	Grass	Darlene Hard	Margaret Court Robyn Ebbern	8–6, 9–7
Lost	1963	U.S. Championships	Grass	Darlene Hard	Margaret Court Robyn Ebbern	6–4, 8–10, 3–6
Won	1965	Wimbledon (4)	Grass	Billie Jean Moffitt	Françoise Dürr Janine Lieffrig	6–2, 7–5
Won	1966	Wimbledon (5)	Grass	Nancy Richey	Margaret Court Judy Tegart	6–3, 4–6, 6–4
Won	1966	U.S. Championships (3)	Grass	Nancy Richey	Billie Jean King Rosemary Casals	6–3, 6–4
Lost	1967	Wimbledon	Grass	Nancy Richey	Rosemary Casals Billie Jean King	11–9, 4–6, 2–6
Won	1968	US Open (4)	Grass	Margaret Court	Billie Jean King Rosemary Casals	4–6, 9–7, 8–6

Mixed doubles: 7 (1 win, 6 runners-up)

Result	Year	Championship	Surface	Partner	Opponents	Score
Lost	1958	U.S. Championships	Grass	Alex Olmedo	Margaret Osborne duPont Neale Fraser	3–6, 6–3, 7–9
Lost	1959	Wimbledon	Grass	Neale Fraser	Darlene Hard Rod Laver	4–6, 3–6
Won	1960	French Championships	Clay	Bob Howe	Ann Haydon-Jones Roy Emerson	1–6, 6–1, 6–2
Lost	1960	Wimbledon	Grass	Bob Howe	Darlene Hard Rod Laver	11–13, 6–3, 6–8
Lost	1960	U.S. Championships	Grass	Antonio Palafox	Margaret Osborne duPont Neale Fraser	3–6, 2–6
Lost	1965	French Championships	Clay	John Newcombe	Margaret Court Ken Fletcher	4–6, 4–6
Lost	1967	Wimbledon	Grass	Ken Fletcher	Billie Jean King Owen Davidson	6–3, 2–6, 13–15

Note: The Australian Open was held twice in 1977, in January and December.

• Performance timelines for all female tennis players who reached at least one Grand Slam final

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Maria Esther Bueno.

• Maria Bueno at the International Tennis Hall of Fame
• Maria Bueno at the Women's Tennis Association
• Maria Bueno at the International Tennis Federation
• Maria Bueno at the Billie Jean King Cup