Guardafui Channel

The Guardafui Channel (Somali: Marinka Gardafuul) is an oceanic strait off the tip of the Horn of Africa that lies between the Puntland region of Somalia and the Socotra governorate of Yemen to the west of the Arabian Sea.[1] It connects the Gulf of Aden to the north with the Indian Ocean to the south. Its namesake is Cape Guardafui, the very tip of the Horn of Africa. Notable places of interest include the Alula Lagoon.

Guardafui Channel
The Guardafui Channel, between the Puntland region of Somalia and Socotra island.
Guardafui Channel is located in Somalia
Guardafui Channel
Guardafui Channel
The Guardafui Channel shaded in dark blue
LocationMidst of Somali sea–Arabian Sea-Gulf of Aden
Coordinates11°49′N 51°15′E
TypeStrait
Native nameMarinka Gardafuul (Somali)
Part ofSomali sea
Basin countriesSomalia
Yemen
Max. depth2,500 metres (8,200 ft) near Oligocene – Miocene floor
Salinity35.3 ‰
Max. temperature26 °C (78 °F)
Min. temperature14 °C (57 °F)
IslandsAbd al Kuri, Darsah and Samhah

Extent

Its width is roughy 100 kilometers (62 mi) between Ras Asir (Gardafuul) and Abd al Kari,[2] and roughly 240 kilometers (150 mi) between Ras Asir and Socotra.[3] Gardafuul, a province of the semi-autonomous region of Puntland, is named after it. In its narrower sense, Marinka Gardafuul, in English called the Guardafui Channel, refers to the strait between Puntland and Abd al Kuri.[4]

Names

The oceanic strait goes by many names, including the Ras Hafun Strait, named after the headland of Ras Hafun, near the town of Foar,[5] the Ras Asir-Socotra Strait,[6] the Cape Guardafui Strait,[7] the Guardafui-Socotra Channel[8] Guardafui Channel[9] Cape Guardafui Channel,[10] Socotra Strait,[11] and Socotra Passage.[12]

History

The oceanic strait has been regarded as a possibly dangerous pitfall both during peace and war times. It was a highly strategic region during World War Two due to its possession by an Axis power at the time, Italy, The Allies attempted to secure passage through the oceanic strait in Operation Chapter. Subsequently, the Allies decided that in order to continue routing independent ships and convoys, air cover was needed.[13] The oceanic strait also experiences cyclones that emerge from its southeast in the Somali sea.[14] There is a dispute between the Somali government and Yemen over the sovereignty of its islands.[15] The presence of an archipelago has also meant that there are shores for stranded sailors to find shelter, which on occasion has subsequently resulted in their evacuations.[16]

Geography

To the northwest, it connects with the Gulf of Aden, to the northeast with the Arabian Sea and to the south with the Somali sea.[17] The passage contains the islands of Abd al Kuri, Darsah and Samhah. Ships passing the strait use the Francesco Crispi lighthouse in Cape Guardafui as a navigational aid.[18] On the western mainland on the Horn African coast, lie the Puntite localities of Aluula, Ras Filuk, Cape Guardafui, Bereeda, Tohen and Bargal.[19]

Geology

The northern reaches of the Guardafui Channel lies at the Gulf of Aden Oligocene - Miocene oceanic floor; here water depths reach in excess of 2500 m.[20] The Guardafui Channel, as well as the island chain of the Socotra archipelago are located in the Somali Plate.[21]

See also

References
  1. Schott, Friedrich A., and Jürgen Fischer. "Winter monsoon circulation of the northern Arabian Sea and Somali Current." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 105.C3 (2000): 6359–6376.
  2. The Biology of Island Floras - Page 198, Juli Caujapé-Castells - 2011
  3. "Socotra islands scenery in Yemen". en.youth.cn. China Youth International. April 25, 2008.
  4. Schott, Friedrich, et al. "Summer monsoon response of the northern Somali Current, 1995." Geophysical Research Letters 24.21 (1997): 2565-2568.
  5. British possessions, II : The Congo, no. 96-99 - Page 38, Sir George Walter Prothero, 1920
  6. Science and technology for a new oceans decade: proceedings, Volume 1, p 1248, Marine Technology Society - 1990, University of California
  7. Straits in International Navigation - Page 25, Kleng Lian Koh - 1982
  8. Nature - Page 686, Sir James Hopwood Jeans, Sir Norman Lockyer - 1928
  9. World War II Sea War, Vol 7: The Allies Strike Back - Page 23, Don Kindell - 2014
  10. The Royal Indian Navy, 1612-1950 - Page 114, D. J. Hastings - 1988
  11. Seasonal and interannual variations of the nitrogen cycle, T Rixen - 2013
  12. Karl K. Turekian - 2009, Ocean Currents: A Derivative of the Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, p 160
  13. The Royal Indian Navy, 1612-1950 - Page 114, D. J. Hastings
  14. "Yemen declares disaster after Cyclone Mekunu; Oman in path next".
  15. "Follow Yemen Post daily updates on our Twitter page @YemenPostNews- Yemen Post English Newspaper Online".
  16. "Navy rescues Indian nationals stranded in Socotra Islands for 10 days | Indiablooms - First Portal on Digital News Management".
  17. Fleitmann, Dominik, et al. "Holocene ITCZ and Indian monsoon dynamics recorded in stalagmites from Oman and Yemen (Socotra)." Quaternary Science Reviews 26.1-2 (2007): 170-188.
  18. Barrett, Michèle. "Virginia Woolf's Research for Empire and Commerce in Africa (Leonard Woolf, 1920)." Woolf Studies Annual 19 (2013): 83.
  19. Findlater, J. "Observational aspects of the low-level cross-equatorial jet stream of the western Indian Ocean." Monsoon Dynamics. Birkhäuser, Basel, 1978. 1251-1262.
  20. Birse, A. C. R., et al. "The Mesozoic and Early Tertiary tectonic evolution of the Socotra area, eastern Gulf of Aden, Yemen." Marine and Petroleum Geology 14.6 (1997): 675-684.
  21. Khanna, S. N., and G. E. Pillay. "Geology And Petroleum Prospects of Seychelles." (1988): 114-124.
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