Mela Patt

The origins of Mela Pat date back to the sixteenth century when Emperor Akbar was impressed by the spiritual power of Raja Nagpal, the ruler of Bhaderwah Principality in 16th century.[3] This power was attributed to the blessings of the serpent Lord Nag Raj Vasuki. Emperor Akbar awarded substantial wealth to Raja Nagpal as a token of respect to the serpent god, which included metallic vessels, gold and silver ornaments, silk fabrics, and musical instruments.[4]

Mela Pat is traditionally organized after the conclusion of the Kailash Yatra in Bhaderwah and takes place every year on the auspicious occasion of Rishi Panchami, also known as Naga Panchami.[1]

The Mela Patt holiday is officially observed by the Government of Jammu and Kashmir exclusively in the Bhaderwah and Bhalla tehsils.[5]

The Mela begins on the evening of "Vinayak Chuturthi" or "Patharchoth" with the iconic "Jahari" procession, which starts from the Ganesh Temple in Bhaderwah at around 8 pm on the first day.[1] Carried by a representative from the Raj-purohit family, the conical metallic pot, Jahari, is decorated with marigold flower garlands and 'Haraii' adorned with colorful cloth pieces. The procession, accompanied by enthusiastic slogans, traverses the town's main bazaars and concludes at the Vasuki Dhera Temple.[3]

On the second day, an early morning Pat procession is carried out in front of the Durga Temple, Ganesh Temple, and Vasuki Naag Temple.[1] The procession is led by Dashnan and includes Chailas (Mystic Men), Bajantaries, and devoted worshippers. Then the Jahari moves to the house of Rajgurus' in Mohalla Khakhal. A team of selected locals called "Dashan" prepares the traditional "Patt Jhanki." The Patt, with the Jahari on top, is now ready for exhibition.[3][6]

Traditional dances are performed before the Naga Deity, and the procession concludes at the house of Rajgurus in Khakhal, where devotees gather to have Darshan of the Patt and pay homage to Nag Raj Vasuki and Raja Nagpal. During this time, devotees offer flowers to the Pat as a symbol of their devotion.[6][7]

The actual fair starts in the evening at about 4-5 o'clock, attracting people from all corners of the region. Regardless of caste, creed, or gender, they come to witness the fair with zeal and reverence, showering flower petals over the Patt and the procession. Mela Patt features a multi-colored cloth dance, accompanied by the harmonious beats of drums, flutes, horns, and conches.[6] Dashans encircle the person carrying the Patt, supporting the dance in a unique style. The dance continues with short resting periods. This fair continues for three days, marked by public rejoicing. The term "Patt" refers to the royal robe that was gifted by the Mughal Emperor Akbar to Raja Nagpal. This robe, which held significant historical and cultural importance, was also put on display during the festival.[7]

On the concluding day of the festival, the chief and traditional "Dhakku" dance is performed by the local people.[1] Dhakku dance holds a special place in the folk dances of India, maintaining its originality, simplicity, unique identity, and captivating effects on the heart and soul.[6][3]

Mela Pat attracts thousands of devotees from across the Jammu and Kashmir.[6] The successful organization and conduct of the Mela are overseen by the Mela Pat Committee, Khakhal Sewa Sang, and Dharmarth Trust.[1]