Michael Beetham

As a young man he witnessed the Battle of Britain from the ground which prompted him to join the RAF in May 1941.[4] Promoted to leading aircraftman on 19 June 1942,[5] Beetham was granted an emergency commission as a pilot officer on probation in the RAFVR on 13 December 1942.[6] He was promoted to flying officer in the RAFVR on 13 June 1943.[7]

Following flying training in the United States under the Arnold Scheme and in Great Britain, he was assigned flying duties with 50 Squadron just prior to the Battle of Berlin.[4] During the Battle, Beetham flew his Lancaster on bombing missions over Berlin 10 times.[4] In a raid over Augsburg he lost an engine. He also survived the Nuremberg Raid in which many Bomber Command aircraft were destroyed.[4] In February 1944, whilst Beetham was on a training flight, one of his aircraft's engines caught fire. Beetham and his crew bailed out, landing by parachute near East Kirkby; Beetham then joined the Caterpillar Club.[4] During his time on 50 Squadron, Beetham carried out 30 operations over enemy territory.[8]

Avro Lancaster, a type flown by Beetham during the Second World War

In May 1944 Beetham was posted to a flying instruction role. He returned to operation duties with 57 Squadron just as the war in Europe was coming to an end.[4] He was involved in dropping supplies to the Dutch and in the repatriation of prisoners-of-war.[4] As an acting flight lieutenant in the RAFVR, he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross on 6 June 1944,[9] and was promoted to flight lieutenant on 13 December 1944.[10]

In November 1945, just after the end of the Second World War, Beetham was posted to No. 35 Squadron which was then selected to carry out the victory fly-past and conduct a good-will tour of the United States.[4] He was granted a permanent commission in the RAF on 1 September 1945 in the rank of flying officer,[11] and was promoted to flight lieutenant on 1 July 1946[12] with seniority from 13 June 1945.[13] He was posted to No. 82 (Recce) Squadron in East Africa in 1949, promoted to squadron leader on 1 January 1952 and attended the RAF Staff College, Andover that year.[3][14] Beetham was also awarded a King's Commendation for Valuable Service in the Air in the 1952 New Year Honours.[15]

In 1953, Beetham was posted to the Air Ministry's Operational Requirements Branch.[16] Much of his time was taken up with the problems of bringing the V-bombers into service. Notably, Beetham also drafted the first specification for the TSR 2.[16] Beetham's next appointment was as the Personal Staff Officer to Task Force Commander of Operation Buffalo in 1956.[16] The open-air nuclear test explosions witnessed by Beetham led him to the view that it would never be possible to limit the extent of a nuclear war.[16]

Beetham was promoted to wing commander on 1 January 1958[17] and he then took up the post of Officer Commanding No. 214 Squadron.[3] In July 1959 Wing Commander Beetham captained the first aircraft, a Valiant bomber, to fly non-stop from the United Kingdom to Cape Town.[18] He was awarded the Air Force Cross in the 1960 New Year Honours.[19]

After several staff tours, during which time he was promoted to group captain on 1 January 1962,[20] Beetham was appointed Station Commander RAF Khormaksar (in Aden) in November 1963.[3] At the time of his arrival, Khormaksar was the RAF's largest overseas base and markedly overcrowded. That December saw the start of a major attacks against British forces in Aden (the Aden Emergency) and over the next two years Beetham spent considerable time dealing with the security of his overcrowded station. However, the security problems did not prevent the aircraft based at Khormaksar being used on operations in the neighbouring region of Radfan.[21]

Beetham was promoted to air commodore on 1 July 1966.[22] He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1967 New Year Honours.[23] More senior appointments followed: these included Director of Strike Operations in 1968[3] and Commandant of the RAF Staff College at Bracknell in 1970[3] as an acting air vice-marshal.[24] He was promoted to air vice-marshal on 1 January 1971,[25] and appointed Assistant Chief of Staff (Plans and Policy) at Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe in 1972[3] and to Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Strike Command in 1975,[3] for which he was promoted to acting air marshal on 10 June 1975. He was promoted to air marshal on 1 July 1975,[26] knighted with the Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 1976 New Year Honours[27] and appointed Commander-in-Chief RAF Germany and Commander of the Second Tactical Air Force in 1976.[28]

Promoted to air chief marshal on 21 May 1977, Beetham's final tour saw him appointed Air Aide-de-Camp to the Queen on 31 July 1977 and the Chief of the Air Staff on 1 August 1977.[29][30] He was promoted to a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) in the 1978 New Year Honours list.[31] As the professional head of his Service, Beetham defended the decision to introduce the strike version of the Tornado and supported the introduction of the Airborne Early Warning Nimrod which was later cancelled.[32] He also worked to build up the RAF's reserve forces.[32] Towards the end of his tenure as Chief of the Air Staff, the Argentine invasion of the Falkland Islands occurred: at the time Beetham was acting Chief of the Defence Staff and as such he was involved in the decision to send the Task Force to the South Atlantic.[32] Operation Black Buck, the bombing raids on Argentine positions in the Falkland Islands, were Beetham's idea.[8] When Beetham relinquished his appointment in October 1982 he had served for more than five years, making him the longest serving Chief of the Air Staff since Trenchard.[33] He was promoted to Marshal of the Royal Air Force on 15 October 1982.[34]