Michigan's 1st congressional district

Michigan's 1st congressional district is a United States congressional district that fully contains the 15 counties of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and 20 counties of Northern Michigan in the Lower Peninsula. The district is currently represented by Republican Jack Bergman.

Michigan's 1st congressional district
Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
Representative
  Jack Bergman
R–Watersmeet
Area24,875[1] sq mi (64,430 km2)
Distribution
  • 63.42% rural[2]
  • 36.58% urban
Population (2022)782,743[3]
Median household
income		$60,877[4]
Ethnicity
Cook PVIR+13[5]

Cities and towns

The district is the second-largest congressional district east of the Mississippi River by land area, only behind Maine's 2nd congressional district. Its boundaries contain the entire Upper Peninsula of Michigan and much of the northern part of the Lower Peninsula. Altogether, the district makes up about 44% of the land area of the state of Michigan yet contains only 7% of Michigan's population. It contains the second-longest shoreline of any district in the United States, behind Alaska's at-large congressional district.

Counties

Of the 83 counties in Michigan, the following 35 lie entirely within the district. One county (Wexford) lies partially in the district.

Major settlements in the district

History

Prior to 1992, the 1st congressional district was a Detroit-based congressional district. From the election of Republican John B. Sosnowski in 1925 until 1964, the former 1st district was represented by only one non-Polish-American politician, Robert H. Clancy. Along with Sosnowski, 6 Polish-Americans served as the 1st district's representatives elected 7 times, since 1925. The other strong Polish Michigan congressional districts were the 15th district (where half of the elected were Polish-American) and the dissolved 16th district (where all three elected representatives were of Polish descent). In 1964, the 1st congressional district was drawn as a new, African-American majority district reflecting the changing demographics of Detroit, while enough of the old 1st district was moved to the 14th district so that the 14th district retained the 1st's old congressman. John Conyers was elected to congress from the 1st district, a position he would hold until the 1st was removed from Detroit.

After 1992, the 1st district covered land in the UP and Northern Michigan. Most of this territory had been known as the 11th district from 1892 to 1992. The 1st from 1992 to 2002 was similar to the present district, except that it did not extend nearly as far south along Lake Michigan, while it took in Traverse City and some surrounding areas on the west side of the state.

Presidential election results
This table indicates how the district has voted in U.S. presidential elections; election results reflect voting in the district as it was configured at the time of the election, not as it is configured today.
Year Results
1992 Bill Clinton 41% – George H.W. Bush 35%
1996 Bill Clinton 47% – Bob Dole 40%
2000 George W. Bush 52% – Al Gore 45%
2004 George W. Bush 53% – John Kerry 46%
2008 Barack Obama 50% – John McCain 48%
2012 Mitt Romney 54% – Barack Obama 45%
2016 Donald Trump 58% – Hillary Clinton 37%
2020 Donald Trump 58% – Joe Biden 40%

Recent election results from statewide races
This table indicates how the district has voted in recent statewide elections; election results reflect voting in the district as it is currently configured, not necessarily as it was at the time of these elections.
Year Office Results
2016 President Donald Trump 58.9% – Hillary Clinton 35.6%
2018 Senate John James 55.2% – Debbie Stabenow 42.6%
Governor Bill Schuette 53.9% – Gretchen Whitmer 43.1%
Attorney General Tom Leonard 56.5% – Dana Nessel 38.5%
2020 President Donald Trump 59.1% – Joe Biden 39.3%
Senate John James 59.0% – Gary Peters 39.6%

List of members representing the district
Member Party Years Cong
ress		 Electoral history District location
District created March 4, 1843

Robert McClelland
(Monroe)		 Democratic March 4, 1843 –
March 3, 1849		 28th
29th
30th		 Elected in 1843.
Re-elected in 1844.
Re-elected in 1846.
Retired.		 1843–1853
[data missing]

Alexander W. Buel
(Detroit)		 Democratic March 4, 1849 –
March 3, 1851		 31st Elected in 1848.
Lost re-election.

Ebenezer J. Penniman
(Plymouth)		 Whig March 4, 1851 –
March 3, 1853		 32nd Elected in 1850.
Retired.

David Stuart
(Detroit)		 Democratic March 4, 1853 –
March 3, 1855		 33rd Elected in 1852.
Lost re-election.		 1853–1863
[data missing]

William A. Howard
(Detroit)		 Opposition March 4, 1855 –
March 3, 1857		 34th Elected in 1854.
Re-elected in 1856.
Lost re-election.
Republican March 4, 1857 –
March 3, 1859		 35th
George B. Cooper
(Jackson)		 Democratic March 4, 1859 –
May 15, 1860		 36th Elected in 1858.
Lost election contest.

William A. Howard
(Detroit)		 Republican May 15, 1860 –
March 3, 1861		 36th Won election contest.
Retired.

Bradley F. Granger
(Ann Arbor)		 Republican March 4, 1861 –
March 3, 1863		 37th Elected in 1860.
Redistricted to the 3rd district and lost re-election as a Democrat.

Fernando C. Beaman
(Adrian)		 Republican March 4, 1863 –
March 3, 1871		 38th
39th
40th
41st		 Redistricted from the 2nd district and re-elected in 1862.
Re-elected in 1864.
Re-elected in 1866.
Re-elected in 1868.
Retired.		 1863–1873
[data missing]

Henry Waldron
(Hillsdale)		 Republican March 4, 1871 –
March 3, 1873		 42nd Elected in 1870.
Redistricted to the 2nd district.

Moses W. Field
(Detroit)		 Republican March 4, 1873 –
March 3, 1875		 43rd Elected in 1872.
Lost re-election.		 1873–1883
[data missing]

Alpheus S. Williams
(Detroit)		 Democratic March 4, 1875 –
December 21, 1878		 44th
45th		 Elected in 1874.
Re-elected in 1876.
Lost re-election and died before next term began.
Vacant December 21, 1878 –
March 3, 1879		 45th

John S. Newberry
(Detroit)		 Republican March 4, 1879 –
March 3, 1881		 46th Elected in 1878.
Retired.

Henry W. Lord
(Detroit)		 Republican March 4, 1881 –
March 3, 1883		 47th Elected in 1880.
Lost re-election.

William C. Maybury
(Detroit)		 Democratic[6] March 4, 1883 –
March 3, 1887		 48th
49th		 Elected in 1882.
Re-elected in 1884.
Retired.		 1883–1893
[data missing]

John L. Chipman
(Detroit)		 Democratic March 4, 1887 –
August 17, 1893		 50th
51st
52nd
53rd		 Elected in 1886.
Re-elected in 1888.
Re-elected in 1890.
Re-elected in 1892.
Died.
1893–1903
[data missing]
Vacant August 17, 1893 –
November 7, 1893		 53rd

Levi T. Griffin
(Detroit)		 Democratic December 4, 1893 –
March 3, 1895		 Elected to finish Chipman's term.
Lost re-election.

John B. Corliss
(Detroit)		 Republican March 4, 1895 –
March 3, 1903		 54th
55th
56th
57th		 Elected in 1894.
Re-elected in 1896.
Re-elected in 1898.
Re-elected in 1900.
Lost re-election.

Alfred Lucking
(Detroit)		 Democratic March 4, 1903 –
March 3, 1905		 58th Elected in 1902.
Lost re-election.		 1903–1913
[data missing]

Edwin C. Denby
(Detroit)		 Republican March 4, 1905 –
March 3, 1911		 59th
60th
61st		 Elected in 1904.
Re-elected in 1906.
Re-elected in 1908.
Lost re-election.

Frank E. Doremus
(Detroit)		 Democratic March 4, 1911 –
March 3, 1921		 62nd
63rd
64th
65th
66th		 Elected in 1910.
Re-elected in 1912.
Re-elected in 1914.
Re-elected in 1916.
Re-elected in 1918.
Retired.
1913–1933
[data missing]

George P. Codd
(Detroit)		 Republican March 4, 1921 –
March 3, 1923		 67th Elected in 1920.
Retired.

Robert H. Clancy
(Detroit)		 Democratic March 4, 1923 –
March 3, 1925		 68th Elected in 1922.
Lost re-election.

John B. Sosnowski
(Detroit)		 Republican March 4, 1925 –
March 3, 1927		 69th Elected in 1924.
Lost renomination.

Robert H. Clancy
(Detroit)		 Republican March 4, 1927 –
March 3, 1933		 70th
71st
72nd		 Elected in 1926.
Re-elected in 1928.
Re-elected in 1930.
Redistricted to the 14th district and lost re-election.

George G. Sadowski
(Detroit)		 Democratic March 4, 1933 –
January 3, 1939		 73rd
74th
75th		 Elected in 1932.
Re-elected in 1934.
Re-elected in 1936.
Lost renomination.		 1933–1943
[data missing]

Rudolph G. Tenerowicz
(Detroit)		 Democratic[7] January 3, 1939 –
January 3, 1943		 76th
77th		 Elected in 1938.
Re-elected in 1940.
Lost renomination.

George G. Sadowski
(Detroit)		 Democratic January 3, 1943 –
January 3, 1951		 78th
79th
80th
81st		 Elected in 1942.
Re-elected in 1944.
Re-elected in 1946.
Re-elected in 1948.
Lost renomination.		 1943–1953
[data missing]

Thaddeus M. Machrowicz
(Hamtramck)		 Democratic January 3, 1951 –
September 18, 1961		 82nd
83rd
84th
85th
86th
87th		 Elected in 1950.
Re-elected in 1952.
Re-elected in 1954.
Re-elected in 1956.
Re-elected in 1958.
Re-elected in 1960.
Resigned to become U.S. District Judge.
1953–1963
[data missing]
Vacant September 18, 1961 –
November 7, 1961		 87th

Lucien N. Nedzi
(Detroit)		 Democratic November 7, 1961 –
January 3, 1965		 87th
88th		 Elected to finish Machrowicz's term.
Re-elected in 1962.
Redistricted to the 14th district.
1963–1973
[data missing]

John Conyers
(Detroit)		 Democratic January 3, 1965 –
January 3, 1993		 89th
90th
91st
92nd
93rd
94th
95th
96th
97th
98th
99th
100th
101st
102nd		 Elected in 1964.
Re-elected in 1966.
Re-elected in 1968.
Re-elected in 1970.
Re-elected in 1972.
Re-elected in 1974.
Re-elected in 1976.
Re-elected in 1978.
Re-elected in 1980.
Re-elected in 1982.
Re-elected in 1984.
Re-elected in 1986.
Re-elected in 1988.
Re-elected in 1990.
Redistricted to the 14th district.[8]
1973–1983
[data missing]
1983–1993
[data missing]

Bart Stupak
(Menominee)		 Democratic January 3, 1993 –
January 3, 2011		 103rd
104th
105th
106th
107th
108th
109th
110th
111th		 Elected in 1992.
Re-elected in 1994.
Re-elected in 1996.
Re-elected in 1998.
Re-elected in 2000.
Re-elected in 2002.
Re-elected in 2004.
Re-elected in 2006.
Re-elected in 2008.
Retired.		 1993–2003
2003–2013

Dan Benishek
(Crystal Falls)		 Republican January 3, 2011 –
January 3, 2017		 112th
113th
114th		 Elected in 2010.
Re-elected in 2012.
Re-elected in 2014.
Retired.
2013–2023

Jack Bergman
(Watersmeet)		 Republican January 3, 2017 –
present		 115th
116th
117th
118th		 Elected in 2016.
Re-elected in 2018.
Re-elected in 2020.
Re-elected in 2022.
2023–present

Elections

2012
Michigan's 1st congressional district, 2012[9]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Dan Benishek (incumbent) 167,060 48.1
Democratic Gary McDowell 165,179 47.6
Libertarian Emily Salvette 10,630 3.1
Green Ellis Boal 4,168 1.2
Total votes 347,037 100.0
Republican hold

2014
Michigan's 1st congressional district, 2014[10]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Dan Benishek (incumbent) 130,414 52.1
Democratic Jerry Cannon 113,263 45.3
Libertarian Loel Gnadt 3,823 1.5
Green Ellis Boal 2,631 1.1
Total votes 250,131 100.0
Republican hold

2016
Michigan's 1st congressional district, 2016[11]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jack Bergman 197,777 54.9
Democratic Lon Johnson 144,334 40.1
Libertarian Diane Bostow 13,386 3.7
Green Ellis Boal 4,774 1.3
Total votes 360,271 100.0
Republican hold

2018
Michigan's 1st congressional district, 2018[12]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jack Bergman (incumbent) 187,251 56.3
Democratic Matt Morgan 145,246 43.7
Total votes 332,497 100.0
Republican hold

2020
Michigan's 1st congressional district, 2020[13]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jack Bergman (incumbent) 256,581 61.7
Democratic Dana Ferguson 153,328 36.8
Libertarian Ben Boren 6,310 1.5
Total votes 416,219 100.0
Republican hold

2022
Michigan's 1st congressional district, 2022
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jack Bergman (incumbent) 233,094 59.9
Democratic Bob Lorinser 145,403 37.4
Working Class Liz Hakola 5,510 1.4
Libertarian Andrew Gale 4,592 1.1
Total votes 388,599 100.0
Republican hold

See also

Notes
  1. "Congressional Districts by Urban/Rural Population & Land Area (109th Congress)" (PDF). 2000 United States Census. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 11, 2007.
  2. Michigan congressional districts by urban and rural population and land area
  3. Bureau, Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census. "My Congressional District". www.census.gov. Retrieved October 5, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. "My Congressional District".
  5. "2022 Cook PV: District Map and List". The Cook Political Report. July 12, 2022. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
  6. William C. Maybury was elected as a fusion candidate, but was seated in Congress with the Democratic Party.
  7. Rudolph G. Tenerowicz campaigned as a Republican in 1946, 1948, 1950, 1952, and 1954.
  8. Redistricted again in 2012, to the 13th district.
  9. "2012 Michigan House Results". Politico.
  10. "2014 Michigan Official General Election Results - 11/04/2014".
  11. "2016 Michigan Election Results - Official Results". Michigan Department of State. November 8, 2016. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
  12. "Michigan Election Results 2018: Live Midterm Map by County & Analysis". Politico.
  13. "2020 Michigan Election Results Official". Michigan Secretary of State. Retrieved November 23, 2020.

References

46°09′26″N 86°26′13″W

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