Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission

The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) (1990–2005) was the Australian Government body through which Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders were formally involved in the processes of government affecting their lives, established under the Hawke government in 1990. A number of Indigenous programs and organisations fell under the overall umbrella of ATSIC.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission
Agency overview
Formed5 March 1990[1]
Preceding Agency
Dissolved30 June 2005[1]
Superseding agency
JurisdictionCommonwealth of Australia
HeadquartersCanberra
Agency executives
Websiteatsic.gov.au
'Alcheringa Spirit' an Australian limestone sculpture displayed in the foyer of the ATSIC Commission in Sydney was created by Australian Aboriginal artist Mundara Koorang

The agency was dissolved in 2005 in the aftermath of litigation involving its chairperson, Geoff Clark. It was the longest running Indigenous affairs department to have existed.

History

ATSIC was established by the Hawke government through the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission Act 1989 (the ATSIC Act), which took effect on 5 March 1990.[2] It superseded the Aboriginal Development Commission (ADC), a statutory authority created by the Fraser government in July 1980.[3][4] In 1990 Minister for Aboriginal Affairs Gerry Hand proposed merging the functions of the ADC into the newly-created ATSIC, by establishing a new body, the Aboriginal Economic Development Corporation (AEDC), which was created along with ATSIC. Both were formally established in March 1990, with ATSIC responsible for providing loans for small enterprise and larger loans and grants, while ATSIC Development Corporation (ATSICDC) was to invest only in major commercial projects.[5]

While ATSIC's existence was always subject to the oversight of governments who represent all Australians, ATSIC was a group of elected individuals whose main goal was the oversights that related to Indigenous Australians, who include the many Aboriginal peoples of Australia as well as Torres Strait Islander peoples, of the Torres Strait Islands (part of Queensland). However, in 1994 the Torres Strait Regional Authority (TSRA) was established as a separate authority, in order to deliver better services and programs to Torres Strait Islander people who were living in the Torres Strait Islands (i.e. excluding those on the mainland).[6]

The chairs of ATSIC were Lowitja O'Donoghue (1990–1996), Gatjil Djerrkura (1996–2000), Geoff Clark (2000–2004) and Lionel Quartermaine (2003–2004). ATSIC'S Deputy chairs included Ray Robinson. Mick Gooda was its final Chief Executive Officer.[7]

Controversy and review

In 2001, ATSIC became embroiled in controversy over litigation surrounding its chairperson Geoff Clark, relating to his alleged participation in a number of rapes in the 1970s and 1980s, after being named by four women.[8]

Soon after this, the government under then Prime Minister John Howard began to remove some of ATSIC's fiscal powers, which were transferred to a new independent organisation, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Services (ATSIS). The government suspended Geoff Clark as chair of ATSIC in 2003 after he was convicted of obstructing police during a pub brawl, and Lionel Quartermaine became acting chair.[8]

A review of ATSIC was commissioned in 2003. The report, authored by John Hannaford, Jackie Huggins and Bob Collins, was titled In the Hands of the Regions: A New ATSIC Report of the Review of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission,[9] and it recommended reforms which gave greater control of ATSIC to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people at a regional level. At the time, Indigenous Affairs Minister Amanda Vanstone stated that the review had concluded that ATSIC has not connected well with the indigenous Australians and was not serving them well.[10]

Abolition

For some time after Clark's appointment, the Howard government had been expressing doubts as to the value of continuing to have ATSIC at all. Following Mark Latham's election to the leadership of the (Labor) Opposition in December 2003, Labor agreed with the government that ATSIC had not worked.[11] In April of election year 2004, both parties pledged to introduce alternative arrangements for Indigenous affairs, with Labor proposing a new elected national body.[8]

The government's plan was to abolish ATSIC and all of its regional and state structures, and return funding for Indigenous programs to the relevant line departments. Labor's view was that ATSIC itself should be abolished, but many of the regional and state sub-organisations should be retained, to continue to give Indigenous people a voice in their own affairs and within their own communities. It rejected the notion of merging Indigenous funding into funding for Australians generally as "tried and failed", but had not announced its alternative proposals.

Howard announced the agency's abolition on 15 April 2004, saying that "the experiment in elected representation for Indigenous people has been a failure".[10] On 28 May 2004 the government introduced into the Federal Parliament legislation to abolish ATSIC. The Bill finally passed both houses of Parliament in 2005, and ATSIC was formally abolished at midnight 16 March 2005.

Successors

Ministerial Taskforce on Indigenous Affairs

On 28 May 2004 the Ministerial Taskforce on Indigenous Affairs (MTF) was established for the purpose of "driving the delivery of improved services and outcomes for Indigenous Australians".[12] It was chaired by Mal Brough, Minister for Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs and Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for Indigenous Affairs.[13]

Office of Indigenous Policy Coordination
Main article: Office of Indigenous Policy Coordination

The Office of Indigenous Policy Coordination was created within the Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs on 1 July 2004 "to coordinate and drive the Government's new arrangements in Indigenous affairs",[14] and took on ATSIC's responsibilities upon its abolition. Following machinery of government changes, that office was transferred to the Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs on 27 January 2006.[15]

National Indigenous Council
Main article: National Indigenous Council

On 6 November 2004 a government-appointed advisory body, the National Indigenous Council, was announced by the former Minister for Indigenous Affairs, Senator Vanstone, who said that the National Indigenous Council would "provide expert advice to the Australian Government on policy, program and service-delivery issues affecting Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders". It would act as an advisory body only, to support the work of the Ministerial Taskforce on Indigenous Affairs.[16]

Inquiry and other commentary

At the time the government announced its dismantling, Bob Collins, who had served in the Hawke ministry when ATSIC was established, said that the organisation had let down Indigenous people by deciding that "looking after Geoff Clark was more important than looking after ATSIC".[8]

Following an Inquiry, the 2005 report by its Select Committee said that while there had been widespread support for instituting changes to the way that ATSIC was structured as well as how it operates, there was also "overwhelming" support for the continued existence of a national Indigenous representative body. Most witnesses had suggested that regional operations could be improved, but they were strongly in favour of having a national, elected Indigenous representative body. Deep concerns were expressed about the disempowerment of Indigenous peoples. One of the recommendations was that the government "give active support and funding to the formation of a national Indigenous elected representative body, and provide it with ongoing funding".[17]

The dismantling of ATSIC was seen by many commentators as harmful to Aboriginal people in Australia.[18] In 2009, Lowitja O'Donoghue expressed her opinion that reform of the agency would have been better than establishing a new agency which has been costly and might suffer similar problems as its predecessor, such as nepotism.[19]

ATSIC was criticised by a government advisory panel in 2009 for having been dominated by males.[20]

See also

References
  1. CA 7080: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission, Central Office, National Archives of Australia, retrieved 15 December 2013
  2. "Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Commission Act 1989". Australasian Legal Information Institute (AustLII). Retrieved 30 September 2022.
  3. Rowse, Tim (1988). "From houses to households? The Aboriginal Development Commission and economic adaptation by Alice Springs town campers". Social Analysis: The International Journal of Social and Cultural Practice. Berghahn Books (24): 54. ISSN 0155-977X. JSTOR 23169650. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
  4. "Aboriginal Development Commission". ParlInfo. 17 April 1980. Retrieved 30 September 2022. Changes to the bill
  5. "Papers of Michael C. Dillon: MS 4346" (PDF). AIATSIS Library. p. 23.
  6. Kelly, John (22 June 2001). "Evaluation of the Torres Strait Regional Authority" (PDF). Office of Evaluation and Audit. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016.
  7. Misha Schubert (15 December 2009). "Mick Gooda wins top indigenous affairs post". The Age. Fairfax Media. Retrieved 14 September 2014.
  8. "Howard puts ATSIC to death". The Age. 16 April 2004. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  9. Hannaford, John; Huggins, Jackie; Collins, Bob (2003). "In the Hands of the Regions: A New ATSIC Report of the Review of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission". Australian Indigenous Law Reporter. 8 (3): 105–12. JSTOR 26479564 – via JSTOR. PDF
  10. "Clark vows to fight as ATSIC scrapped". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. 15 April 2004. Retrieved 18 January 2012.
  11. "Labor would abolish ATSIC: Latham". The Sydney Morning Herald. 30 March 2004. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
  12. "Ministerial Taskforce on Indigenous Affairs". The Hon Mal Brough MP. Archived from the original on 30 October 2007.
  13. "Ministerial Taskforce on Indigenous Affairs". The Hon Mal Brough MP. Archived from the original on 8 October 2007.
  14. "Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs 2004–05 Annual Report" (PDF). Department of Home Affairs, Australia. 7 October 2005. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
  15. "Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs Annual Report 2005–06" (PDF). 15 November 2006. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
  16. "National Indigenous Council Appointed". The Hon Mal Brough MP. Archived from the original on 9 October 2007.
  17. Parliament of Australia. Select Committee on the Administration of Indigenous Affairs (March 2005). "Chapter 4: Representation". After ATSIC: Life in the mainstream?. Commonwealth of Australia. ISBN 0-642-71501-7.
  18. United Nations. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (2004). Urban-rural linkages: an annotated bibliography, 1994-2004. UN-HABITAT. p. 75. ISBN 92-1-131713-4.
  19. Pia Akerman (22 October 2009). "We should have kept ATSIC: Lowitja O'Donoghue". The Australian. News Limited. Retrieved 18 January 2012.
  20. Misha Schubert (26 August 2009). "ATSIC wary of repeating past mistakes". The Age. Fairfax Media. Retrieved 18 January 2012.

Further reading
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