2012 United States presidential election in Missouri

2012 Missouri Republican presidential primary

February 7, 2012 (2012-02-07)

Candidate Rick Santorum Mitt Romney Ron Paul Home state Pennsylvania Massachusetts Texas Popular vote 139,272 63,882 30,647 Percentage 55.23% 25.33% 12.15%

Missouri results by county   Rick Santorum

The 2012 Missouri Republican presidential primary took place on February 7[1] and the caucuses ran from March 15 to March 24, 2012,[2] except for one rescheduled for April 10. The primary election did not determine which delegates will be sent to the national convention; this is instead determined indirectly by the caucuses and directly by the Missouri Republican congressional-district conventions April 21 and the state convention June 2.[3][4][5]

The unusual situation of having both the primary election and the caucus for the same party in the same election year in Missouri arose as a result of a change in the nominating rules of the Republican Party. State primaries in Missouri were previously held in early February. In September 2008, the Republican National Committee adopted a set of rules which included a provision that no states except Iowa, New Hampshire, South Carolina, and Nevada were allowed to begin the process of delegate selection (including binding primary elections) before the first Tuesday in March of an election year.[6] In 2011, the Republican-controlled Missouri General Assembly attempted to move the primary election to mid-March, but the bill was vetoed by Democratic Governor Jay Nixon because of a provision limiting his power to fill vacancies in statewide elected offices. In a compromise solution, it was decided that Republican primary election would be made non-binding and instead delegates would be nominated by separate caucuses in late March, a move estimated to cost the state $7–8 million.[7]

This marks the first time since 1996 that Missouri Republicans used a caucus system to nominate delegates to the Republican National Convention.[7]

The primary was not to affect the selection of Missouri's delegates to the 2012 Republican National Convention, so it had no official effect on the nomination and was widely described beforehand as a "beauty contest". However it was seen as an opportunity for Rick Santorum to face off against Mitt Romney due to the absence of Newt Gingrich, who missed the filing deadline[8] and was not on the ballot. Santorum was the only candidate to actively campaign in the state ahead of the primary.[9]

The primary election was won by Santorum, who also won the Colorado and Minnesota Republican caucuses held that day.[10]

There were 326,438 total votes cast by party ballot[11] (including votes for Democratic, Libertarian and Constitution Party candidates),[12] a turnout of 7.99%[13] of 4,085,582 registered voters. Noting the low Republican turnout, NPR found voters apathetic because the primary was nonbinding.[14]

[16]

The county caucuses elect delegates to congressional district conventions and the Missouri Republican Party state convention, which in turn elect 49 of Missouri's 52 delegates to the national convention.[4][17] However, no straw poll is released to indicate levels of support to the general public. According to the state party, "Caucus-goers will be voting for delegates, and with few exceptions, these delegates will not be bound to a particular candidate. Because there is no vote on candidate preference, neither the Missouri GOP nor any election authority will have or release any data regarding the 'winner' of the caucuses."[18]

Despite the nonbinding nature of the February primary, caucuses had the option to use its result as the basis for delegate allocation. Santorum was to appear personally at some caucuses, which The New York Times described as "part of the campaign's county-by-county strategy to try to outflank Mr. Romney and catch him in the delegate race".[19]

The county caucuses elect delegates to the congressional district conventions and the state convention. Delegates to the national convention will be elected at each of those conventions. Typically, the body of a caucus votes on slates of delegates prepared by leaders of factions and coalitions within the caucus.

The following table shows who won the majority or plurality of delegates for each county according to available unofficial reports.

Election results by county. Dark green indicates counties won by Santorum, gold, those won by Paul, orange indicates those won by Romney, and purple, Gingrich. The counties indicated in black are Barry County and Laclede County, in which Romney/Santorum and Paul/Santorum respectively tied for the win. Dark gray indicates uncommitted counties.

Notes

There were controversies surrounding the caucuses in Clay and Cass counties. The Missouri Republican Party ruled later that the slates of delegates elected at those caucuses were valid.[62] A do-over caucus was required in St. Charles County after the first attempt disbanded over a rules dispute.[63] Controversy also arose at the Jefferson County caucus, and a challenge was filed but later withdrawn.[64]

The following table shows who won the national delegates for each congressional district and statewide.

• Buchanan (largest city: St. Joseph)
• Iron (largest city: Ironton)
• Jefferson (largest city: Arnold)
• Sainte Genevieve (largest city: Ste. Genevieve)
• Washington (largest city: Potosi)

Romney won 6 of 8 congressional districts.[70]