Mylohyoid muscle

The mylohyoid muscle is flat and triangular, and is situated immediately superior to the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. It is a pharyngeal muscle (derived from the first pharyngeal arch) and classified as one of the suprahyoid muscles. Together, the paired mylohyoid muscles form a muscular floor for the oral cavity of the mouth.[2]

The two mylohyoid muscles arise from the mandible at the mylohyoid line, which extends from the mandibular symphysis in front to the last molar tooth behind. The posterior fibers pass inferomedially and insert at anterior surface of the hyoid bone. The medial fibres of the two mylohyoid muscles unite in a midline raphe (where the two muscles intermesh).[3]

The mylohyoid muscle separates the sublingual space from the submandibular space, which communicate via a lateral gap between the mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles at the posterior free margin of mylohyoid muscle.[4] The submandibular gland wraps around the edges of the mylohyoid, and is divided into superficial and deep lobes above and below the muscle.[5]

The mylohyoid muscle elevates the hyoid bone and the tongue. This is particularly important during swallowing and speaking. Alternatively, if other muscles are used to keep the position of the hyoid bone fixed, then the mylohyoid muscle depresses the mandible.[1] It also functions as reinforcing the floor of mouth.[1]

The mylohyoid muscle may be imaged by CT or MRI.[4] The mylohyoid separates the submandibular space below from the sublingual space above. Around the posterior border of the mylohoid muscle, these spaces communicate. Infections, especially odontogenic infections can spread from one space to the other via this communication, or alternatively penetrate the mylohyoid muscle, which is a poor barrier to the spread of infection. Because the attachment of the mylohyoid muscle (the mylohoid line of the mandible) becomes more superior towards the posterior of the mandible, posterior infected teeth are more likely to drain into the submandibular space, and infected anterior teeth are more likely to drain into the sublingual space, since the apices of the teeth are more likely to be below and above the mylohoid line respectively (see diagram).

The mylohyoid muscle may also be known as the diaphragma oris muscle.[8][9] It is named after its two attachments near the molar teeth ("mylo" comes from the Greek word for "molar").[10]

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  Anterior view
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  Medial view
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  The origin of the mylohyoid muscle, inferior view.
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  The insertion of the mylohyoid muscle on the hyoid bone.
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  Hyoid bone. Anterior surface. Enlarged.
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  Mylohyoid muscle

• Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell (2005). Gray's anatomy for students. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-443-06612-2.
• Herring, Margaret J.; Fehrenbach, Susan W. (2013). Illustrated anatomy of the head and neck (4th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1-4377-2419-6.
• This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 393 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

• "Anatomy diagram: 25420.000-1". Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator. Elsevier. Archived from the original on 2015-02-26.