Freshwater mullet

Freshwater mullet
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Mugiliformes
Family:	Mugilidae
Genus:	Pseudomyxus; Durand, Chen, Shen, Fu & Borsa, 2012
Species:	P. capensis
Binomial name
	Pseudomyxus capensis; (Valenciennes, 1836)
Synonyms
	Mugil capensis Valenciennes, 1836; Myxus capensis (Valenciennes, 1836); Mugil euronotus A. Smith, 1846; Trachystoma euronotus (A. Smith, 1846);

The freshwater mullet (Pseudomyxus capensis) is a species of fish in the family Mugilidae. It is endemic to South Africa.

Distribution

The freshwater mullet is endemic to South Africa where is distribution extends from Kwazulu-Natal, the Eastern Cape to the Western Cape, from Kosi Bay to the Breede River drainage.[1]

Habitat and biology

This species is found in estuaries and the juveniles need freshwater reaches for growth and safety. The adults spawn at sea, after reaching sexual maturity in estuaries.[1] The juveniles move into the estuaries and up into rivers in the late southern winter or early spring and then stay there for seven years for females and four years for males. They feed on benthic algae and small invertebrates over muddy substrates.[2]

Conservation

The freshwater mullet's range and population have been impacted by the damming of streams and the introduction of alien fish.[1]

Taxonomy

The freshwater mullet was previously assigned to Myxus, but genetic studies in 2012 found it to be more closely related to the Fringelip mullet than to the Sand grey mullet, necessitating the erection of the monospecific genus Pseudomyxus for this species.[3][4]

References

Swartz, E.; Impson, D. & Cambray, J. (2007). "Myxus capensis". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2007: e.T14264A4428878. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T14264A4428878.en. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2018). "Pseudomyxus capensis" in FishBase. June 2018 version.
Durand, J.-D., Shen, K.-N., Chen, W.-J., Jamandre, B.-W., Blel, H., Diop, K., et al. 2012. Systematics of the grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae): molecular phylogenetic evidence challenges two centuries of morphology-based taxonomy. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 64, 73–92. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.03.006
Durand, J.-D., W.-J. Chen, K.-N. Shen, C. Fu, & P. Borsa. 2012. Genus-level taxonomic changes implied b mitochondrial phylogeny of grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugilidae). Comptes Rendus Biologies, 335: 687-697.

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[IUCN-1] Swartz, E.; Impson, D. & Cambray, J. (2007). "Myxus capensis". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2007: e.T14264A4428878. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T14264A4428878.en. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

[FishBase-2] Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2018). "Pseudomyxus capensis" in FishBase. June 2018 version.

[3] Durand, J.-D., Shen, K.-N., Chen, W.-J., Jamandre, B.-W., Blel, H., Diop, K., et al. 2012. Systematics of the grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae): molecular phylogenetic evidence challenges two centuries of morphology-based taxonomy. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 64, 73–92. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.03.006

[4] Durand, J.-D., W.-J. Chen, K.-N. Shen, C. Fu, & P. Borsa. 2012. Genus-level taxonomic changes implied b mitochondrial phylogeny of grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugilidae). Comptes Rendus Biologies, 335: 687-697.