National Law School of India University

National Law School of India University (NLSIU), or simply National Law School (NLS), is a public law school and a National Law University located in Bangalore. Considered the best law school in India, it has topped all indices relating to law schools.

National Law School of India University
Other name
National Law School, NLS Bangalore, NLSIU
Motto
Motto in English
Those who protect the Law are protected by the Law
TypeNational Law University
Established1986 (1986)
FounderN. R. Madhava Menon
AffiliationBar Council of India
Budget₹38 crores[1]
ChancellorChief Justice of India (de facto)[lower-roman 1]
Vice-ChancellorSudhir Krishnaswamy
DeanMrinal Satish
RegistrarNigam Nuggehalli
Academic staff
93[lower-alpha 1]
Administrative staff
16
Total staff
109
Students935
Address
National Law School of India University, Gnana Bharathi Main Rd, Opp NAAC, Teachers Colony
,
Nagarbhavi, Bangalore
,
Karnataka
,
560072
,
India
CampusUrban-located residential-cum-day school, 23 acres (9.3 ha)
LanguageEnglish
Founding documentThe National Law School of India Act, 1986
Websitewww.nls.ac.in
  1. As per section 7 of the Act, "the Chief Justice of India or his nominee who is a sitting Judge of the Supreme Court shall be the visitor of the School."

Laid foundation by then Chief Justice Y. V. Chandrachud, National Law School was the first National Law University (NLU) to be established in India as well as one of the first in the country to offer the five-year integrated undergraduate law degree.

National Law School of India was established by the eponymous Act of 1986 passed by the Karnataka Legislative Assembly. The statute states that the Visitor of the school shall be the Chief Justice of India, who is the de facto Chancellor.[lower-alpha 2] The day-to-day management and administration of the university is undertaken by the Vice-Chancellor. The school was the brainchild of N. R. Madhava Menon who also went on to establish other NLUs in the country as part of law education reforms.

Spread over 23 acres of campus, it houses country's largest law library and hosts some of the country's largest competitions and events, two of which are NLS Debate and Strawberry Fields. The school is known for its highly competitive admissions which are screened through the Common Law Admission Test and National Law School Admission Test (NLSAT). It has a yearly intake of 568 students across its programmes.

National Law School is the only Indian institute to have won Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition, doing so in 1999 and 2013. 25 of its alumni have been Rhodes scholars. One of its flagship student-run publications, National Law School of India Review has been cited by the Supreme Court of India thrice.

Sudhir Krishnaswamy, an alumnus, is the sixth and the current Vice Chancellor.

History

The founding of the National Law School was a culmination of over two decades of effort by a legal team including former Chief Justice Mohammad Hidayatullah, Ram Jethmalani and Upendra Baxi. Efforts were being made especially through the Legal Education Committee of the Bar Council of India to establish a university on the lines of Harvard Law School.[2] Subsequently, the Bar Council of India Trust and the Government of Karnataka reached an agreement to found the first National Law University in Bangalore.[3] As such, in 1986, National Law University of India was established under the leadership of its founder, then Vice-Chancellor N. R. Madhava Menon.[4]

Menon was keen on ensuring that the teaching at the university was not conducted in the traditional lecture format, which was then popular across Indian law colleges. As such, he introduced the case method, which originated at the Harvard Law School in the early 1900s. He also introduced the concept of group teaching, where more than one professor would conduct classes, with the professors taking contradictory positions and arguing the various points of law.[5]

The first batch of law students joined the school's undergraduate programme on 1 July 1988. Classes commenced before the school's buildings had been fully constructed; thus, the school actually began instruction at the premises of the Central College of Bangalore University and continued therein until November 1991. The school then formally moved to its present-day location in the Nagarbhavi suburb.

Administration[6]

Section 7 of The National Law School of India Act, 1986 names the Chief Justice of India as the Visitor of the school. This position is of the de facto Chancellor. They have been given with wide-range of powers to cause inspection into the functions of the school.

The Vice-Chancellor of the school is the chief executive officer of the university, conducting day-to-day operations of the school. The first Vice Chancellor was the founder N. R. Madhava Menon. The school has since had five more Vice-Chancellors, namely N. L. Mitra, A. Jayagovind, G. Mohan Gopal, R. Venkata Rao, and Sudhir Krishnaswamy, who took over in 2019.[7]

Authorities of the school

Section 8 of act establishes the General Council, the Executive Council, the Academic Council, and the Finance Council; all four to facilitate the administration of the school. The Councils consist of heavyweight individuals such as the Chief Justice of India and other of High courts of India, Chairman of the Bar Council of India, judges of the Supreme Court of India, Advocate general of Karnataka, secretaries and ministers of the Government of Karnataka and other 'eminent persons' in the field of law.[8]

Admissions

Admissions to 5-year undergraduate programme are based on the Common Law Admission Test-undergraduate (CLAT-UG). For the 2023-28 session of the undergraduate CLAT, a total of 56,472 students contested for 2644 seats out of which 240 were of NLSIU.[9]

In 2020, NLSIU withdrew from the CLAT and announced it would be holding its own entrance examination called the National Law Aptitude Test (NLAT) which was later turned down by the Supreme Court of India.[10]

CLAT-PG is how candidates of the Master of Laws (LL.M) are screened, whereas for the candidates of 3-year LL.B., Master’s Programme in Public Policy (MPP), and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), the National Law School Admission Tests (NLSAT) are conducted.

Programme Screening test Total yearly intake Notes
Integrated B.A./LL.B CLAT-UG 240[lower-alpha 3] The test is being held since 2008 before which each NLU held its own test
LL.M. CLAT-PG 100
Standard 3-year LL.B NLSAT-LLB 120 NLSIU is the only NLU offering such programme
MPP NLSAT-MPP 100
Ph.D. (Law) NLSAT-Ph.D 4
Ph.D. (interdisciplinary) 4

In June 2021, NLSIU announced a major expansion plan. The plan entails increasing the number of students enrolled on campus exponentially from 660 in 2021 to 2,200 in 2028. The increase in the number of students will mainly be as a result of increasing batch size of the BALLB cohort and establishing a three-year LLB course.[11]

NLSIU voluntarily accommodated 25% reservation for Karnataka students across its admissions but the Government of Karnataka has disputed the way it is practically implemented.[12]

Academics
One of the university buildings

Undergraduate

NLSIU offers school graduates its flagship five-year integrated B.A./LL.B. which qualifies the student to sit for the bar to practice law in India.

The undergraduate B.A./LL.B. curriculum at the school consists of a mix of social science and legal subjects. In the first two years, the law student attends courses on history, political science, sociology and economics alongside standard legal subjects, such as torts, contracts and constitutional law. In the latter three years, legal subjects dominate the curriculum.

In 2017, NLSIU radically overhauled its academic curriculum, allowing students to choose a greater number of their upper-year courses. The aim of the change was to bring NLSIU in line with international best-practices allowing students to explore areas of their interest to a greater degree.[13] This overhaul was also aimed at increasing the number of courses offered by industry practitioners by allowing for flexible evaluation patterns.

Postgraduate

NLSIU launched a three-year standard LLB programme in 2022, making it the first NLU to do so.[14][15]

The school offers both coursework and research degrees at the postgraduate level. The LL.M. is a one-year coursework degree. The PhDs are research degrees.[16]

NLSIU offers a two-year residential Master's Programme in Public Policy (MPP) programme, organised in six trimesters.[17] In 2016 the UGC had asked NLSIU to change the name of MPP to Master of Arts (MA) in Public Policy.[18]

In addition to the above full-time programmes, the school's Professional and Continuing Education (PACE) offers several part-time distance learning programmes, including a master's degree in Business Law (MBL) and Postgraduate Diploma programmes in various fields.[19]

Rankings
University rankings
Law – India
NIRF (2023)[20]1
India Today (2022)[21]1
Government colleges: 
Outlook India (2022)[22]1

National Law School of India is widely considered the best law school of India, ranking number one in all indices related to the law education. The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranked the institute first in its law ranking of 2023[23] as did India Today's "India's Best Colleges 2023: Law"[24] and Outlook India's "Top 13 Government Law Institutes" of 2023.[25]

Narayan Rao Melgiri Memorial National Law Library

The Narayan Rao Melgiri Memorial National Law Library at the school is the largest law library in the country, housing a collection of over 50,000 books and 20,000 journals covering a wide range of general and special subjects, comprising textbooks, reference books, back volumes of journals and reports, apart from current legal periodicals.[26] It is named after Narayan Rao Melgiri, who was a distinguished lawyer in Gadag. The Melgiri Library was inaugurated by Chief Justice of India Ramesh Chandra Lahoti in 2005. The library was built through contributions from the University Grants Commission (India) and Sudha Murthy,[26] chairperson of the Infosys Foundation and also the grand daughter of Melgiri.[27]

In 2023, Chief Justice of India Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud and the member of Wangchuck dynasty Sonam Dechen Wangchuck officially inaugurated the revamped library building. It now features a dedicated space for differently abled individuals, including Braille printers, JAWS software-enabled readers, smart readers and desktop magnifiers.[28]

UNHCR Chair on Refugee Laws

In 1995, the first UNHCR Chair for Refugee Law was inaugurated at NLSIU.[29] It serves as the Asian Centre for Refugee Law.[30] N. Subramanya worked on issues pertaining to refugees during his tenure as researcher under the UNHCR Chair and in 2004 two of his books about refugees were published.[31]

Student activities

The Student Bar Association[32]

The Student Bar Association (SBA) is the umbrella body that coordinates all student activities; all students are de facto members of the SBA. The SBA has created various Activity-Based Committees (ABCs) which are in charge of specific student activities.[33]

NLSIU has a total of twelve ABCs which coordinate the activities of the Student Bar Association (SBA). These committees are re-constituted every year. The Co-ordination Council consists of the Convenors/Joint Convenors of the ABCs. This Council is responsible for ensuring that the various ABCs function coherently. A wide range of internal as well as inter-institutional activities throughout the academic year are organised by the ABCs and the Co-ordination Council. These include Spiritus (Sports Festival), Strawberry Fields (Music Festival), the NLS-Trilegal International Arbitration Moot, the NLS Negotiation and Mediation Competition and Admit One (Theater Festival). Students are also responsible for the publication of Quirk, an online magazine at NLSIU, which seeks to provide space to engage in a meaningful and mature dialogue.[34]

Competitive debating

NLSIU plays an active role in promoting parliamentary debate in India. The school regularly participates in many international competitions and is currently the highest-ranking Indian team in the World rankings.[35] NLSIU reached the ESL Finals in 2002 and in 2007 at the World Universities Debating Championship. It also recently won the 15th All Asian Debating Championships held in Dhaka in 2008. Three out of the four semi-finalist teams, and six of the top ten speakers, were from NLSIU. Another boost for the Parliamentary Debate movement in NLSIU came in the form of the Cambridge University Debate Competition 2009, where the NLSIU team became the first South Asian team to "make the break" and reach the second round of the competition.[36] NLSIU teams have also performed extremely well in the inaugural Asians BP Tournament held in Chulalongkorn University, with all three of its teams reaching the semi-finals of the tournament, and two out of the top ten speakers (and four in the top 20). Since then, NLS has reached the semi-finals of the United Asian Debating Championships held at Assumption University, Bangkok, in 2010. The NLSIU team of Anil Sebastian Pulickel and Aniruddha Basu have also been finalists at ABP. NLSIU speakers are consistently ranked at the top of parliamentary debates at the national and international level.

NLSIU also hosts South Asia's biggest Parliamentary Debate Competition, the National Law School Debate.[37] The inaugural edition of the NLS Debate was held in 2002. The competition brings together participants from across South Asia. In 2011, NLSIU's Literary and Debating Society launched two new initiatives – the NLS Union Debate[38] and the NLS Debate Junior. Christ Junior College is also organising a parliamentary debate, in a tie-up with NLS.[39]

Moot court competitions

NLSIU is the only law school in South Asia to have won the Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition twice, in 1999 and 2013[40] and to reach its finals in 2018.[41] NLSIU has won the Monroe E. Price Media Law Moot Court Competition at the University of Oxford in 2021.[42] NLSIU has also won the Manfred Lachs Space Law Moot Court competition in 2009,[43] 2012[44] and most recently in 2017.[45]

Student Exchange Programs

Students from the 5th year of the undergraduate course can take the opportunity to spend a semester abroad as part of the student exchange program run by the NLSIU. The University has MoUs for the same with over 30 universities all across the world, including the Georgetown University Law Center, National University of Singapore and the Sciences Po. Students from a number of these universities also visit NLSIU on short-term and long-term exchange programs.

Graduate Outcomes

Students graduating from the school pursue a diverse range of careers. A number of students opt to join corporate or other law firms. These may also include roles as business analysts in consultancy firms. Several students enter litigation careers, with a number of alumni having distinguished themselves in various courts across the country. NLSIU has produced 25 Rhodes Scholars.[46]

The founder Menon had outlined two objectives of the school and its replicas; first being to "strengthen the trial courts with competent judges at the grass roots" and the next being "to act as a pace setter in legal education reforms". He conceded in 2017 that he sees the former objective not being achieved. He believed this is because of the absorption of the school's talent by the corporate sector rather than by the grassroot litigation.[47]

Notable people

Alumni

Faculty
  • Justice Hidayatullah Moot Court Hall
    Justice Hidayatullah Moot Court Hall
  • Interior of the campus
    Interior of the campus
  • A cultural performance during the 10th Asian Law Institute Conference with the theme "Celebrating Diversity: 10 Years of AsLI" - hosted by the university.
    A cultural performance during the 10th Asian Law Institute Conference with the theme "Celebrating Diversity: 10 Years of AsLI" - hosted by the university.
  • Vice-Chancellor Krishnaswamy signing an MoU with Major General V. M. Chandran from the Army Training Command regarding training army officers on cyber laws and legal studies
    Vice-Chancellor Krishnaswamy signing an MoU with Major General V. M. Chandran from the Army Training Command regarding training army officers on cyber laws and legal studies

Publications

There are numerous journals published by the students and faculty at NLSIU. Their National Law School of India Review has been cited by the Supreme Court of India in two notable judgments including the Right to Privacy verdict, which is the only student-run law journal of the already few Indian law journals to have been cited by the Supreme Court of India.

These are the journals published by the school:

See also

Notes
  1. Out of the total, 56 are core faculty, 3 are adjunct faculty and 34 are visiting faculty
  2. As per section 7 of the Act, "the Chief Justice of India or his nominee who is a sitting Judge of the Supreme Court shall be the visitor of the School."
  3. The intake is expected to be 300 for the session of 2024-29

References
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