93rd United States Congress

The 93rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1973, to January 3, 1975, during the last 18 months of Richard Nixon's presidency, and the first 6 months of Gerald Ford's. This Congress was the first (and, to date, only) Congress with more than two Senate presidents (in this case, three). After the resignation of Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford was appointed under the authority of the newly ratified 25th Amendment. Ford became president the next year and Nelson Rockefeller was appointed in his place. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1970 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic majority. This is the earliest Congress to feature a member of the 117th Congress, Representative Don Young (R-AK), who served until he died in 2022.

93rd United States Congress
92nd ←
→ 94th
United States Capitol
January 3, 1973 – January 3, 1975
Members100 senators
435 representatives
Senate majorityDemocratic
Senate PresidentSpiro Agnew (R)[lower-alpha 1]
(until October 10, 1973)
Vacant[lower-alpha 2]
(Oct 10–Dec 6, 1973)
Gerald Ford (R)[lower-alpha 3]
(Dec 6, 1973 – Aug 9, 1974)
Vacant[lower-alpha 2]
(Aug 9–Dec 19, 1974)
Nelson Rockefeller (R)
(from December 19, 1974)
House majorityDemocratic
House SpeakerCarl Albert (D)
Sessions
1st: January 3, 1973 – December 22, 1973
2nd: January 21, 1974 – December 20, 1974

Major events
Main articles: 1973 in the United States, 1974 in the United States, and 1975 in the United States

Major legislation
Main article: List of United States federal legislation § 93rd United States Congress

Hearings

Party summary
Makeup of the U.S. Senate at the start of this Congress, color-coded by party. Note: The orange stripes in New York and the green stripes in Virginia denote Conservative James Buckley and Independent Harry F. Byrd Jr., respectively.

Senate
Party
(shading indicates majority caucus)
 Total
Democratic Republican Conservative Independent Vacant
End of the previous Congress 54 44 1 1 100 0
Begin 56 42 1 1 100 0
End 56 40 98 2
Final voting share 57.6% 40.4% 1.0% 1.0%
Beginning of the next Congress 60 37 1 1 99 1

House of Representatives
House seats by party holding plurality in state
  over 80% Democratic
  over 80% Republican
  60+% to 80% Democratic
  60+% to 80% Republican
  up to 60% Democratic
  up to 60% Republican
Party
(shading indicates majority caucus)
 Total
Democratic Republican Vacant
End of previous Congress 252 178 430 5
Begin 241 192 433 2
End 232 174 406 29
Final voting share 57.1% 42.9%
Beginning of next Congress 291 144 435 0

Leadership
Senate President
Spiro Agnew
Spiro Agnew (R)
(until October 10, 1973)
Gerald Ford
Gerald Ford (R)
(December 6, 1973 – August 9, 1974)
Nelson Rockefeller
Nelson Rockefeller (R)
(from December 19, 1974)

Senate

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

House of Representatives

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

Caucuses

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.

Skip down to House of Representatives

Senate

Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 means their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1976; Class 2 means their term began with this Congress, facing re-election in 1978; and Class 3 means their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1974.

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Changes in membership

Senate
See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate
Senate changes
State
(class)		 Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[lower-alpha 4]
Ohio
(3)		 William B. Saxbe (R) Resigned January 3, 1974, to become Attorney General.
Successor appointed January 4, 1974 to finish the term.		 Howard Metzenbaum (D) January 4, 1974
Nevada
(3)		 Alan Bible (D) Resigned December 17, 1974, to give successor preferential seniority.
Successor appointed December 18, 1974, having already been elected to the next term.		 Paul Laxalt (R) December 18, 1974
Utah
(3)		 Wallace F. Bennett (R) Resigned December 20, 1974, to give successor preferential seniority.
Successor appointed December 21, 1974, having already been elected to the next term.		 Jake Garn (R) December 21, 1974
Ohio
(3)		 Howard Metzenbaum (D) Resigned December 23, 1974, to give successor preferential seniority.
Successor appointed December 24, 1974, having already been elected to the next term.		 John Glenn (D) December 24, 1974
Kentucky
(3)		 Marlow Cook (R) Resigned December 27, 1974, to give successor preferential seniority.
Successor appointed December 28, 1974, having already been elected to the next term.		 Wendell Ford (D) December 28, 1974
New Hampshire
(3)		 Norris Cotton (R) Resigned December 31, 1974, to give successor preferential seniority.
Successor appointed December 31, 1974, having already been elected to the next term.		 Louis C. Wyman (R) December 31, 1974
Florida
(3)		 Edward Gurney (R) Resigned December 31, 1974, in an influence peddling scandal.
Successor appointed January 1, 1975, having already been elected to the next term.		 Richard Stone (D) January 1, 1975
Arkansas
(3)		 J. William Fulbright (D) Resigned December 31, 1974.
Successor began next term.		 Vacant Not filled this Congress
North Carolina
(3)		 Sam Ervin (D) Resigned December 31, 1974.
Successor began next term.		 Vacant Not filled this Congress

House of Representatives

There were three deaths before this Congress began.

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives
House changes
District Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[lower-alpha 4]
Illinois 7th Vacant Rep. George W. Collins (D) died during previous congress. Cardiss Collins (D) June 5, 1973
Alaska at-large Vacant Nick Begich (D) and Hale Boggs (D) were lost in a plane crash, and the estate of Rep. Begich was issued a presumptive death certificate from the State of Alaska during previous congress. Both were also declared dead pursuant to H. R. Res. 1 issued January 3, 1973. Don Young (R) March 6, 1973
Louisiana 2nd Hale Boggs (D) Nick Begich (D) and Hale Boggs (D) were lost in a plane crash during previous congress. Both were declared dead pursuant to H. R. Res. 1 issued January 3, 1973. Lindy Boggs (D) March 20, 1973
Michigan 7th Donald Riegle (R) Switched party affiliation. Donald Riegle (D) February 27, 1973
Maryland 1st William Oswald Mills (R) Committed suicide May 24, 1973. Robert Bauman (R) August 21, 1973
Pennsylvania 12th John P. Saylor (R) Died October 28, 1973. John Murtha (D) February 5, 1974
Michigan 5th Gerald Ford (R) Resigned December 6, 1973, to become vice president. Richard Vander Veen (D) February 18, 1974
California 13th Charles M. Teague (R) Died January 1, 1974. Robert J. Lagomarsino (R) March 5, 1974
Ohio 1st William J. Keating (R) Resigned January 3, 1974. Tom Luken (D) March 5, 1974
Michigan 8th R. James Harvey (R) Resigned January 31, 1974, after being appointed as a judge of the US District Court of the Eastern District of Michigan. J. Bob Traxler (D) April 23, 1974
California 6th William S. Mailliard (R) Resigned March 5, 1974. John Burton (D) June 4, 1974
California 10th Charles Gubser (R) Resigned December 31, 1974. Remained vacant until next Congress
California 19th Chester E. Holifield (D) Resigned December 31, 1974.
California 32nd Craig Hosmer (R) Resigned December 31, 1974.
California 34th Richard T. Hanna (D) Resigned December 31, 1974.
Illinois 15th Leslie C. Arends (R) Resigned December 31, 1974.
Illinois 24th Kenneth J. Gray (D) Resigned December 31, 1974.
Kentucky 1st Frank Stubblefield (D) Resigned December 31, 1974.
Massachusetts 3rd Harold Donohue (D) Resigned December 31, 1974.
Michigan 6th Charles E. Chamberlain (R) Resigned December 31, 1974.
Michigan 17th Martha Griffiths (D) Resigned December 31, 1974.
Minnesota 2nd Ancher Nelsen (R) Resigned December 31, 1974.
Minnesota 8th John Blatnik (DFL) Resigned December 31, 1974.
Nebraska 3rd David Martin (R) Resigned December 31, 1974.
New Hampshire 1st Louis C. Wyman (R) Resigned December 31, 1974, after being appointed to the U.S. Senate.
New Jersey 7th William B. Widnall (R) Resigned December 31, 1974.
New York 14th John J. Rooney (D) Resigned December 31, 1974.
New York 15th Hugh Carey (D) Resigned December 31, 1974.
New York 29th Carleton J. King (R) Resigned December 31, 1974.
New York 37th Thaddeus J. Dulski (D) Resigned December 31, 1974.
Ohio 23rd William Edwin Minshall Jr. (R) Resigned December 31, 1974.
Oregon 3rd Edith Green (D) Resigned December 31, 1974.
Pennsylvania 25th Frank M. Clark (D) Resigned December 31, 1974.
South Carolina 3rd William Jennings Bryan Dorn (D) Resigned December 31, 1974.
South Carolina 5th Thomas S. Gettys (D) Resigned December 31, 1974.
Texas 21st O. C. Fisher (D) Resigned December 31, 1974.
Virginia 10th Joel Broyhill (R) Resigned December 31, 1974, after being defeated for re-election.
Washington 3rd Julia Butler Hansen (D) Resigned December 31, 1974.
Wisconsin 3rd Vernon Wallace Thomson (R) Resigned December 31, 1974.
Wisconsin 9th Glenn Robert Davis (R) Resigned December 31, 1974 .

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes
  1. U.S. Vice President Spiro Agnew's term as President of the Senate resigned on October 10, 1973.
  2. President pro tempore James Eastland acted his duties as the President of the Senate during the period.
  3. U.S. Vice President Gerald Ford's term as President of the Senate ended at noon on August 9, 1974 when he ascended to the presidency.
  4. When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.

Footnotes
  1. Joe Moakley (D–MA) was elected as "Independent Conservative", based on official report of Congress by Benjamin Guthrie. "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 7, 1972." But he was sworn in as a Democrat at the beginning of the Congress, January 3, 1973.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

References
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