Northern Mindanao

Northern Mindanao (Cebuano: Amihanang Mindanao; Tagalog: Hilagang Mindanao; Maranao: Pangotaraan Mindanao) is an administrative region in the Philippines, designated as Region X. It comprises five provinces: Bukidnon, Camiguin, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, and Lanao del Norte, and two cities classified as highly urbanized, all occupying the north-central part of Mindanao island, and the island-province of Camiguin. The regional center is Cagayan de Oro. Lanao del Norte was transferred to Northern Mindanao from Region XII (then called Central Mindanao) by virtue of Executive Order No. 36 in September 2001.[3]

Northern Mindanao
Region X
Region
Kitanglad Mountain Range, Bukidnon
White Island, Camiguin
Maria Cristina Fall, Iligan
Port of Ozamiz
Skyline of Cagayan de Oro
Anthem: "Martsa Rehiyon Diyes"
Old Version

Revised Version
Location in the Philippines
Location in the Philippines
OpenStreetMap
Coordinates: 8°45′N 124°55′E
CountryPhilippines
Island groupMindanao
Regional center
and largest city		Cagayan de Oro
Area
 • Total20,496.02 km2 (7,913.56 sq mi)
Highest elevation
(Mount Dulang-dulang)
2,941 m (9,649 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[1]
 • Total5,022,768
 • Density250/km2 (630/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ISO 3166 codePH-10
Provinces
5
Cities
9
Municipalities84
Barangays2,022
Cong. districts14
Languages
GDP (2021)₱949 billion
$19 billion[2]
Growth rateIncrease (6.3%)[2]
HDIIncrease 0.694 (Medium)
HDI rank12th in the Philippines (2019)
Websitewww.northernmindanao.com

Etymology

The current name of the region was derived from its position on Mindanao island. The term was officially coined by the Americans after the establishment of American colonial rule in the Philippines due to the defeat of Filipino revolutionaries. There have been proposals to rename the current Northern Mindanao region, which is dominated by the Cebuano ethnic group, into the Amihanan region. Amihanan literally translates to 'northern area' from the Cebuano language, which is the lingua franca of the region.

Geography

Northern Mindanao has a total land area of 2,049,602 hectares (5,064,680 acres).[4] More than 60% of Northern Mindanao's total land area are classified as forest land. Its seas abound with fish and other marine products. The abundant vegetation, natural springs and high elevation contribute to the region's cool, mild and invigorating climate.

Administrative divisions
Map of Region X

The region is composed of five provinces: Bukidnon, the island province of Camiguin, Lanao del Norte, Misamis Occidental and Misamis Oriental. It has two highly urbanized cities, Cagayan de Oro and Iligan, that are administered independently from any province. The provinces are further subdivided into seven component cities and 84 municipalities, with a total of 2,022 barangays. The regional center is Cagayan de Oro.

Provinces
  •  †  Regional center
Province or HUC Provincial Capital Population (2015)[1] Area[4][5] Density Cities Muni. Barangay
km2 sq mi /km2 /sq mi
Bukidnon Malaybalay 30.2%1,415,226 10,498.59 4,053.53 130 340 2 20 464
Camiguin Mambajao 1.9%88,478 241.44 93.22 370 960 0 5 58
Lanao del Norte Tubod 14.4%676,395 3,354.16 1,295.05 200 520 0 22 462
Misamis Occidental Oroquieta 12.8%602,126 2,055.22 793.52 290 750 3 14 490
Misamis Oriental † Cagayan de Oro 18.9%888,509 3,131.52 1,209.09 280 730 2 23 424
Cagayan de Oro † — 14.4%675,950 412.80 159.38 1,600 4,100 — — 80
Iligan † — 7.3%342,618 813.37 314.04 420 1,100 — — 44
Total 4,689,302 20,458.51 7,899.07 230 600 9 84 2,022

 †  Cagayan de Oro and Iligan are highly urbanized cities; figures are excluded from Misamis Oriental and Lanao del Norte respectively.

Governors and vice governors
Province Image Governor Political Party Vice Governor
Bukidnon
 Rogelio Neil Roque PRP Rogelio Quiño
Camiguin
 Xavier Jesus Romualdo PDP–Laban Rodin Romualdo
Lanao del Norte
 Imelda Dimaporo PDP–Laban/1STP Allan Lim
Misamis Occidental
 Henry Oaminal Nacionalista Rowena Gutierrez
Misamis Oriental
 Peter Unabia Lakas Jeremy Pelaez
Bukidnon
Misamis Occidental
Misamis Oriental

Demographics
Population census of Northern Mindanao
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 162,036—    
1918 273,415+3.55%
1939 580,857+3.65%
1948 772,322+3.22%
1960 1,101,957+3.01%
1970 1,611,228+3.87%
1975 1,883,408+3.18%
1980 2,226,169+3.40%
1990 2,811,646+2.36%
1995 3,197,059+2.44%
2000 3,505,708+2.00%
2007 3,952,437+1.67%
2010 4,297,323+3.09%
2015 4,689,302+1.68%
2020 5,022,768+1.36%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[1][6]

Northern Mindanao is the 8th most populous region in the Philippines and 2nd in Mindanao (after Davao Region) according to the 2015 Philippine Statistics Authority Census. The major urban area of Region X is Metro Cagayan de Oro which includes Cagayan de Oro and some municipalities and cities of Misamis Oriental and Bukidnon.

The vast majority of the region's inhabitants descended from migrants from Cebu and Bohol. Some other inhabitants are of Ilocano, Kapampangan, Tagalog, Waray, Hiligaynon, Zamboangueño, Maguindanaon, Maranao and Tausug descent, while the autochthonous Bukidnons and Manobos populate the inner highlands.

The largest religion is Christianity, with Roman Catholicism forming 72% of the population and Protestants forming a significant minority of 14%. The second largest religion is Islam, forming 8% of the population.[7]

Economy
Poverty Incidence of Northern Mindanao
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[8][9]
[10][11][12][13][14]
An aerial view of Cagayan de Oro as seen in August 2017

The economy of Northern Mindanao is the second largest regional economy in the island of Mindanao.[15] While still a mainly agricultural region, there is also a booming growth of industries particularly in Cagayan de Oro and in Iligan. Del Monte Philippines is located in the Province of Bukidnon and its processing plant is located in Cagayan de Oro, where it ships its products to the rest of the Philippines and Asia-Pacific region. The Agus-IV to VII Hydroelectric Plants in Iligan and Balo-i, Lanao del Norte supply most of its electrical power in Mindanao.

References
  1. Census of Population (2015). "Region X (Northern Mindanao)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  2. "Gross Regional Domestic Product". openstat.psa.gov.ph. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved May 20, 2021.
  3. "Executive Order No. 36; Providing for the Reorganization of the Administrative Regions in Mindanao and for Other Purposes". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Malacañang, Manila, Philippines. September 19, 2001. Retrieved March 29, 2016. SECTION 2. Region X, known as Northern Mindanao, is hereby reorganized and shall be composed of the following provinces and cities: a. Provinces i. Bukidnon ii. Camiguin iii. Lanao del Norte iv. Misamis Occidental v. Misamis Oriental b. Cities i. Cagayan de Oro City ii. Gingoog City iii. Iligan City iv. Malaybalay City v. Oroquieta City vi. Ozamis City vii. Tangub City viii. Valencia City, Bukidnon
  4. "List of Provinces". PSGC Interactive. Makati, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Retrieved June 9, 2014.
  5. "List of Cities". PSGC Interactive. Makati, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Retrieved June 9, 2014.
  6. "Population and Annual Growth Rates for The Philippines and Its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities" (PDF). 2010 Census and Housing Population. Philippine Statistics Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2013. Retrieved August 12, 2013.
  7. http://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/specialrelease/_REGION%20X_Statistical%20Tables.xls
  8. "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  9. "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. November 29, 2005.
  10. "2009 Official Poverty Statistics of the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. February 8, 2011.
  11. "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. August 27, 2016.
  12. "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. August 27, 2016.
  13. "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. August 27, 2016.
  14. "Updated Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2015 and 2018". Philippine Statistics Authority. June 4, 2020.
  15. Pelone, Ruel V. (February 7, 2010). "Region 10: Mindanao's dominant regional economy". Cagayan de Oro: Business Week Mindanao. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved February 4, 2010.
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