Nacionalista Party

The Nacionalista Party (Filipino and Spanish: Partido Nacionalista; lit. 'Nationalist Party') is the oldest political party in both the Philippines and in Southeast Asia in general. It is responsible for leading the country throughout the majority of the 20th century since its founding in 1907; it was the ruling party from 1935 to 1946 (under Presidents Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio Osmeña), 1953–1961 (under Presidents Ramon Magsaysay and Carlos P. Garcia) and 1965–1972 (under President Ferdinand Marcos).

For National and Nationalist Parties in other countries, see National Party and Nationalist Party.

Nacionalista Party
Partido Nacionalista
PresidentManny Villar
ChairmanCynthia Villar
Secretary-GeneralMark Villar
FounderManuel L. Quezon
Sergio Osmeña
FoundedApril 25, 1907 (1907-04-25)
HeadquartersStarmall EDSA-Shaw 4F, EDSA corner Shaw Boulevard, Mandaluyong, Metro Manila
Youth wingYoung Nacionalistas (YN)
IdeologyConservatism[1][2]
National conservatism[3]
Populism[4][5][6][7][8]
Political positionClaimed:
Big tent[5][1][6]
Traditional spectrum:
Centre-right[9][2][10]
National affiliationUniTeam (2021–present)
Coalition for Change (2016–2021)
Team PNoy (2013)
Genuine Opposition (2007)
K4 (2004)
GAD (1987)
UNIDO (1980-1986)
Regional affiliationAsia Pacific Democrat Union
ColorsNational colors:
  Red,   blue, and   white
Customary:
  Light green
  Orange
SloganAng Bayan Higit sa Lahat
(The Nation Above All)
Seats in the Senate
4 / 24
Seats in the House of Representatives
37 / 316
Provincial governorships
11 / 81
Provincial vice governorships
10 / 81
Provincial board members
116 / 1,023
Website
www.nacionalistaparty.com

Ideology

The Nacionalista Party was initially created as a Filipino nationalist party that supported Philippine independence until 1946 when the United States granted independence to the country.[1][11][6] Since then, many scholarly articles that dealt with the history of political parties during the Third Republic agreed that the party has been increasingly populist,[4][5][6][12][13] although some argued they had conservative[1][9] tendencies because of their opposition to the Liberal Party and the Progressive Party. The populist ideology of the party remained to present day as described on their website.

History

American Insular to Commonwealth era

The party was organized as a vehicle for Philippine independence, advocating self-rule; and espousing this advocacy through representation in the Philippine Assembly of 1907–1916, and in the succeeding Philippine Legislature of 1916–1935. The ranks of Nationalist politicians rose to prominence through the Commonwealth of the Philippines spanning 1935–1941, ending when political parties were replaced by a singular and monolithic KALIBAPI Party during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines.

Third Republic era to present

By the second half of the century, the Nacionalista Party evolved into being main political contenders for leadership in the Philippines, in competition with its rivals, the Liberal Party and the Philippine Progressive Party. This leadership endured until the turbulent suppression of partisan politics during the Ferdinand Marcos regime. In 1978, akin to the Japanese occupation, disparate political parties were coerced to merge into a regime-controlled coalition, the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan. Preferring not to be involved, the Nacionalistas went to hibernation. Years later, in the late 1980s, the party was revived under the leadership of Salvador "Doy" Laurel until the latter's passing.

In 1992, after the party nominated Doy Laurel, a pro-Danding Cojuangco faction broke away and established the Nationalist People's Coalition.

The Nacionalista Party is presently led by former Senator Manny Villar. In 2016, the party had fielded three vice-presidential candidates either running independently or in tandem with other political parties, namely Alan Peter Cayetano, Bongbong Marcos and Antonio Trillanes, albeit unsuccessfully.[1]

Controversy over dominant-minority status

In the 2010 general election, the Nacionalista and the Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC) formed an alliance after it was approved by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) on April 12, 2010.[14] The Nacionalistas fielded Senator Manuel Villar and running with fellow Senator Loren Legarda who is a member of the NPC. It became the dominant minority party after a resolution passed by the COMELEC. On April 21, 2010, it was blocked by the Supreme Court after a suit filed by the rival Liberal Party.[14] On May 6, 2010, the Supreme Court nullified the merger and therefore giving the Liberal Party to be the dominant minority party. It was based on a resolution by the COMELEC giving political parties to be accredited by August 17, 2009.[15]

The coalition was made to help the Nacionalista Party to help boost the presidential campaign of Senator Villar and have a chance to be the dominant minority party by the COMELEC which give the rights to poll watchers during the canvassing of votes.[16] However, it is being challenged by the Liberal Party calls the said alliance a bogus alliance and they are seeking the same party status by the COMELEC.[14] Several local races are also being challenged from both parties, therefore causing confusion in those races.[16]

Electoral performance

Presidential elections
Year Candidate Votes  % Result Outcome
1935 Manuel L. Quezon 695,33267.99Won Manuel L. Quezon won
1941 Manuel L. Quezon 1,340,32081.78Won Manuel L. Quezon won
1946 Sergio Osmeña 1,129,99645.71Lost Manuel Roxas (Liberal) won
1949 José P. Laurel 1,318,33037.22Lost Elpidio Quirino (Liberal) won
1953 Ramon Magsaysay 2,912,99268.90Won Ramon Magsaysay won
1957 Carlos P. Garcia 2,072,25741.28Won Carlos P. Garcia won
1961 Carlos P. Garcia 2,902,99644.95Lost Diosdado Macapagal (Liberal) won
1965 Ferdinand Marcos 3,861,32451.94Won Ferdinand Marcos won
1969 Ferdinand Marcos 5,017,34361.47Won Ferdinand Marcos won
1981 Alejo Santos 1,716,4498.25Lost Ferdinand Marcos (KBL) won
1986 None; Laurel's running mate was Corazon Aquino (UNIDO) 9,291,71646.10Disputed Corazon Aquino (UNIDO) assumed presidency
1992 Salvador Laurel 770,0463.40Lost Fidel V. Ramos (Lakas–NUCD) won
1998 None — Joseph Estrada (LAMMP) won
2004 None; endorsed Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Lakas–CMD) — Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Lakas–CMD) won
2010 Manuel Villar 5,573,83515.42Lost Benigno Aquino III (Liberal) won
2016 None — Rodrigo Duterte (PDP–Laban) won
2022 None; endorsed Bongbong Marcos (PFP) — Bongbong Marcos (PFP) won

Vice presidential elections
Year Candidate Votes  % Result Outcome
1935 Sergio Osmeña 812,35286.93Won Sergio Osmeña won
1941 Sergio Osmeña 1,445,89792.10Won Sergio Osmeña won
1946 Eulogio Rodriguez 1,051,24347.38Lost Elpidio Quirino (Liberal) won
1949 Manuel Briones 1,184,21546.08Lost Fernando López (Liberal) won
1953 Carlos P. Garcia 2,515,26562.90Won Carlos P. Garcia won
1957 José Laurel Jr. 1,783,01237.91Lost Diosdado Macapagal (Liberal) won
1961 Gil Puyat 1,787,98728.06Lost Emmanuel Pelaez (Liberal) won
1965 Fernando López 3,531,55048.48Won Fernando López won
1969 Fernando López 5,001,73762.75Won Fernando López won
1981 Vice presidency abolished
1986 Salvador Laurel[n 1] 9,173,10545.85Disputed Salvador Laurel assumed vice presidency
1992 Eva Estrada Kalaw 255,7301.25Lost Joseph Estrada (NPC) won
1998 None — Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Lakas–NUCD–UMDP) won
2004 None; endorsed Noli de Castro (Independent) — Noli de Castro (Independent) won
2010 None; Villar's running mate was Loren Legarda (NPC) 14,645,57441.65Lost Jejomar Binay (PDP–Laban) won
2016 None[n 2] — Leni Robredo (Liberal) won
2022 None; endorsed Sara Duterte (Lakas–CMD) — Sara Duterte (Lakas–CMD) won

Legislative elections
  1. Laurel stood under the banner of the multi-party electoral alliance UNIDO.
  2. Nacionalista Party members Alan Peter Cayetano, Bongbong Marcos and Antonio Trillanes stood as independent candidates without the party's endorsement; all lost.

Notable Nacionalistas

Past
Politics of the Philippines
Government
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Constitutional commissions
Elections
Political parties
Administrative divisions
Related topics
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Throughout their careers, many of the country's politicians, statesmen and leaders were in whole or in part Nacionalistas. Notable names include the following:

Presidents

Vice Presidents

Senators

Others

Most of these individuals embody solid political traditions of economic and political nationalism are pertinent today, even with the party's subsequent decline.

Current party officials

Some members of the House of Representatives and Senate include—but are not limited to—the following:

Nacionalista-affiliated parties

Candidates for Philippine general elections

2010
Main article: 2010 Philippine general election

Presidential ticket

For senator

2013
Main article: 2013 Philippine general election

For senator

All members ran under the administration coalition, Team PNoy.

2016
Main article: 2016 Philippine general election

For vice president

Three members ran for vice president albeit as independent candidates.

For senator

2019
Main article: 2019 Philippine general election

For senator

All candidates ran under the administration coalition, Hugpong ng Pagbabago.

2022
Main article: 2022 Philippine general election

For senator

Current members in the 19th Congress

Senate
Main article: 19th Congress of the Philippines

District Representatives

Partylist allies
  • Ronnie Ong (Ang Probinsyano)
  • Naealla Rose Bainto-Aguinaldo (Bahay)
  • Michael Edgar Aglipay (DIWA)
  • Sharon Garin (AAMBIS-OWA)
  • Rico Geron (AGAP)
  • Irene Gay Saulog (Kalinga)
  • Allan Ty (LPGMA)
  • Francisco Datol, Jr. (Senior Citizen)

Nacionalista Party presidents
Term Name
1907–1935Sergio Osmeña
1935–1944Manuel L. Quezon
1944–1953Sergio Osmeña
1953–1964Eulogio Rodriguez
1964–1970Gil Puyat
1970–1986Jose Roy
1986–2003Salvador Laurel
2003–presentManny Villar

See also

References
  1. Dayley, Robert (2016). Southeast Asia In The New International Era. Avalon Publishing. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
  2. Guillermo A. Historical Dictionary of the Philippines. Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
  3. Teehankee, Julio (2016). "Weak State, Strong Presidents: Situating the Duterte Presidency in Philippine Political Time". Journal of Developing Societies. 3 (3).
  4. Bertrand, J. (2013). Political Change in Southeast Asia. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  5. Berneo, N.; Yashar, D. (2016). Parties, Movements, and Democracy in the Developing World. New York: Cambridge University Press USA.
  6. Celoza, A. Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: The Political Economy of Authoritarianism. Connecticut, USA: Greenwood Publishing Group. Retrieved September 19, 2017.
  7. Simbulan, D. (2005). The Modern Principalia: The Historical Evolution of the Philippine Ruling Oligarchy. Quezon City: UP Press.
  8. Del Rosario, Simon G. (1973). An Integrated Course on Communism and Democracy. SGR Research & Pub.
  9. Philippine Journal of Public Administration, Volumes 34–35 (1990). UP College of Public Administration. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
  10. M. Troy Burnett, ed. (2020). Nationalism Today: Extreme Political Movements around the World [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 584.
  11. Liow, J.; Leifer, M. (1995). Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia. New York: Routledge. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  12. Simbulan, D. (2005). The Modern Principalia: The Historical Evolution of the Philippine Ruling Oligarchy. Quezon City: UP Press.
  13. Del Rosario, Simon G. (1973). An Integrated Course on Communism and Democracy. SGR Research & Pub.
  14. Alvarez, Kathrina (April 12, 2010). "NP-NPC coalition formally granted (5:15 p.m.)". Sun.Star Cebu. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
  15. Torres, Tetch (May 6, 2010). "SC nullifies NP-NPC coalition". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 9, 2010. Retrieved May 9, 2010.
  16. Maragay, Fel V. (March 1, 2010). "NP-NPC coalition complicates fight in the local level". SunStar. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
  17. Laurel was member of the NP before 1942 and from 1945 to 1959. During his tenure as President, he was affiliated with KALIBAPI.
  18. During the 1946 presidential election, Roxas, who is a member of the liberal-wing of the NP, formed the Liberal Party and eventually moved there.
  19. Moved to the Liberal Party during the 1946 presidential election.
  20. In 1978, Marcos left the NP and formed his own political party known as the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL).
  21. Estrada was a member of the NP during his term as Mayor of San Juan and Senator. In 1991, he formed his own party known as the Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (PMP).
  22. Duterte was a member of the NP during his term as Mayor of Davao City, Duterte left the party in 1998, when he joined LAMMP. He won the presidency in 2016 under PDP–Laban and formed the Coalition for Change with NP.
  23. Marcos was a member of NP during his term as Senator until 2016. He left the party and joined Partido Federal ng Pilipinas(PFP), which he became a chairman of the party.
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