List of Palestinian suicide attacks

This article contains lists of Palestinian suicide attacks carried out by Palestinian individuals and militant groups, usually against Israeli civilian targets. The use of indiscriminate attacks on civilian populations[1] is illegal under international law.[2]

The first suicide attack was carried out in 1989 and the attacks steeply declined by 2008. The high point was in 2002 during the Second Intifada. A 2007 study of Palestinian suicide bombings during the Second Intifada (September 2000 through August 2005) found that 39.9 percent of the suicide attacks were carried out by Hamas, 26.4 percent by Fatah, 25.7 percent by the Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), 5.4 percent by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and 2.7 percent by other organizations.[3]

The Simon Wiesenthal Center has advocated classifying suicide bombings as crimes against humanity, a position adopted by Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch in 2002.[4]

The criteria used for this list:

successful deliberate attacks committed by Palestinian militant groups or individuals against either civilians or security forces, in which the perpetrators intended to die during the attack.
The perpetrator(s) are not included in the death tolls noted in this list.

1980s

1989

Name	Date	Location	Death toll	Notes	Ref.
Bus 405 suicide attack	July 6, 1989	Near Kiryat Yearim	16	Carried out by Palestinian Islamic Jihad.	[5]

1990s

1993

Name	Date	Location	Dead	Injured	Notes	Ref
Mehola Junction bombing	April 16, 1993	Mehola junction	1	10	Hamas claimed responsibility. Carried out together with Palestinian Islamic Jihad.	[6] [7]
Beit El car bomb	October 4, 1993	Near Beit El	none	29	Hamas member Sulayman Zidan was responsible.	[8][9]

1994

Name	Date	Location	Dead	Notes
Afula Bus suicide bombing	April 6, 1994	Afula	8	Hamas claimed responsibility. Carried out together with Palestinian Islamic Jihad.
Hadera bus station suicide bombing	April 13, 1994	Hadera	5	Hamas claimed responsibility. Carried out together with Palestinian Islamic Jihad.
Dizengoff Street bus bombing	October 19, 1994	Tel Aviv	22	Attributed to Hamas.
Netzarim Junction bicycle bombing	November 11, 1994	Netzarim	3	Hamas claimed responsibility. Carried out together with Palestinian Islamic Jihad.

1995

Name	Date	Location	Death toll	Notes
Beit Lid massacre	January 22, 1995	Beit Lid Junction	21	Two bombers. One detonated at rescue party. Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Kfar Darom bus attack	April 9, 1995	Vicinity of Kfar Darom	8	Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Ramat Gan bus 20 bombing	July 24, 1995	Ramat Gan	6	Hamas claimed responsibility.
Ramat Eshkol bus bombing	August 21, 1995	Jerusalem	4	Police Chief Noam Eisenman was killed. Hamas claimed responsibility.

1996

Name	Date	Location	Death toll	Notes
First Jerusalem bus 18 suicide bombing	February 25, 1996	Jerusalem Central Bus station	26	Hamas claimed responsibility.
Second Jerusalem bus 18 suicide bombing	March 3, 1996	Jaffa street, Jerusalem	19	Hamas claimed responsibility.
Dizengoff Center suicide bombing	March 4, 1996	Tel Aviv	13	Attributed to Hamas. Carried out together with Palestinian Islamic Jihad.

1997

Name	Date	Location	Death toll	Notes
Café Apropo bombing	March 21, 1997	Tel Aviv	3	Hamas claimed responsibility.
1st Mahane Yehuda Market attack	July 30, 1997	Jerusalem main market	16	Hamas claimed responsibility.
Ben Yehuda Street Bombing	September 4, 1997	Jerusalem Ben Yehuda Street	5	Hamas claimed responsibility.

1998

Name	Date	Location	Death toll	Notes	Ref
Jerusalem bombing (1998)	November 6, 1998	Jerusalem	2	20 wounded. Two Islamic Jihad suicide bombers.	[10]

2000s

The Al-Aqsa Intifada saw a dramatic upswing in suicide bombings, with A, 40% of the total number originated in East Jerusalem.[lower-alpha 1]

2001

Name	Date	Location	Dead	Injured	Notes	Ref
Netanya bombing	March 4, 2001	Netanya	3		Hamas claimed responsibility.
HaSharon Mall suicide bombing	May 18, 2001	HaSharon shopping mall, Netanya	5	100	Hamas claimed responsibility.
Dolphinarium discotheque suicide bombing	June 1, 2001	Tel Aviv	21		Hamas claimed responsibility.	[12]
Binyamina train station suicide bombing	July 16, 2001	Binyamina	2		Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing	August 9, 2001	Downtown Jerusalem	15		Carried out by Hamas together with Palestinian Islamic Jihad.
Nahariya train station suicide bombing	September 9, 2001	Nahariya train station	3		Suicide bomber was an Arab Israeli citizen. Hamas claimed responsibility.
1st Egged bus 823 bombing	November 29, 2001	Wadi Ara Junction	3		Carried out by Palestinian Islamic Jihad together with Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades.
Ben Yehuda Street Bombing	December 1, 2001	Downtown Jerusalem	11		Hamas claimed responsibility.
Haifa bus 16 suicide bombing	December 2, 2001	Haifa	15		Hamas claimed responsibility.

2002

Name	Date	Location	Dead	Injured	Notes	Ref
Tel Aviv outdoor mall bombing	January 25, 2002	Tel Aviv	0	25	Double Suicide attack, carried out by Palestinian Islamic Jihad together with Fatah.
Jaffa Street bombing	January 27, 2002	Jerusalem	1		First female suicide bomber in Al-Aqsa Intifada, Wafa Idris. Hamas claimed responsibility.
Karnei Shomron Mall suicide bombing	February 16, 2002	Karnei Shomron, West Bank	3	30	PFLP claimed responsibility.	[13][14]
Yeshivat Beit Yisrael massacre	March 2, 2002	Yeshiva in Jerusalem	11		Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.
Café Moment bombing	March 9, 2002	Rehavia, Jerusalem	11		Hamas claimed responsibility.
3rd Egged bus 823 bombing	March 20, 2002	Vadi Ara, Muzmuz Junction	7		Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.	[15]
King George Street bombing	March 21, 2002	Jerusalem	3		Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.
Passover massacre	March 27, 2002	Netanya	30		Suicide attack on Passover seder in Park Hotel. Carried out by Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad.
Kiryat HaYovel supermarket bombing	March 29, 2002	Kiryat Yovel in Jerusalem	2		Hamas claimed responsibility.
Matza restaurant suicide bombing	March 31, 2002	Haifa	15		Hamas claimed responsibility.
Yagur Junction bombing	April 10, 2002	Yagur	8		Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
3rd Mahane Yehuda Market attack	April 12, 2002	Jerusalem	6		Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.
Rishon LeZion bombing	May 7, 2002	Rishon LeZion	15		Hamas claimed responsibility.
Netanya Market bombing	May 19, 2002	Netanya	3		Carried out by Hamas together with PFLP.
Pi Glilot bombing	May 23, 2002	North of Tel Aviv	0		A bomb exploded underneath a fuel truck. The truck burst into flames, but the blaze was quickly contained.
Megiddo Junction bus bombing	June 5, 2002	Megiddo Junction	17		Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Herzliya shawarma restaurant bombing	June 11, 2002	Herzliya	1		Hamas claimed responsibility.
Patt Junction Bus Bombing	June 18, 2002	Jerusalem	19		Hamas claimed responsibility.
French Hill Junction massacre	June 19, 2002	French Hill, Jerusalem	7		Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.
Immanuel bus attack	July 16, 2002	Emmanuel-Bnei Brak bus 189	9		Detonation of an explosive device and shooting. Hamas claimed responsibility.
Neve Shaanan Street bombing	July 17, 2002	Southern Tel Aviv	5		Hamas claimed responsibility.
Hebrew University massacre	July 31, 2002	Hebrew University, Jerusalem	9		Included American and French casualties. Bomber was from East Jerusalem. Hamas claimed responsibility.
Meron Junction Bus 361 attack	August 4, 2002	Meron Junction	9		Arab bomber with Israeli citizenship. Hamas claimed responsibility.
Allenby Street bus bombing	September 19, 2002	bus 4, near the Great Synagogue, Tel Aviv	6		Hamas claimed responsibility.
Karkur junction suicide bombing	October 21, 2002	Karkur Junction	14		2 Suicide bombers used a booby-trapped jeep with 100 kg TNT. Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Sonol gas station bombing	October 27, 2002	Ariel, West Bank	3		Victims killed while trying to prevent the Palestinian from detonating the bomb. Hamas claimed responsibility.
Kiryat Menachem bus bombing	November 21, 2002	Kiryat Menahem, Jerusalem	11		Hamas claimed responsibility.

2003

Name	Date	Location	Dead	Injured	Notes	Ref
Tel-Aviv central bus station massacre	January 5, 2003	Southern Tel Aviv	23		Carried out by two members of the Fatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades, with the help of Palestinian Islamic Jihad.
Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing	March 5, 2003	Carmeliya neighborhood, Haifa	17		Carried out by Hamas member and attributed to Hamas, yet never acknowledged.
Kfar Saba train station bombing	April 24, 2003	Kfar Saba	1	13	PFLP claimed responsibility jointly with Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades.	[14][16]
Mike's Place suicide bombing	April 30, 2003	Mike's Place pub, Tel Aviv	3		Carried out by Hamas using a British Muslim citizen of Pakistani descent and together with al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades.
Jerusalem bus 6 bombing	May 18, 2003	Jerusalem	7		Hamas claimed responsibility.
Afula mall bombing	May 19, 2003	Afula shopping center	3		Hamas claimed responsibility.
Davidka Square bus bombing	June 11, 2003	Downtown Jerusalem	17		Hamas claimed responsibility.
Shmuel HaNavi bus bombing	August 19, 2003	Shmuel Hanavi, Jerusalem	23		Hamas claimed responsibility.
Tzrifin bus stop attack	September 9, 2003	Bus stop near Tzrifin army base	9		Hamas claimed responsibility.
Café Hillel bombing	September 9, 2003	Hillel Cafe, Jerusalem	7		Hamas claimed responsibility.
Maxim restaurant suicide bombing	October 4, 2003	Haifa	21		Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Geha Interchange bus stop bombing	December 25, 2003	Geha Junction	4		Over 20 injured. PFLP claimed responsibility.	[14][16]

2004

Name	Date	Location	Dead	Injured	Notes	Ref
3rd Erez Crossing attack	January 14, 2004	Gaza Strip	4		Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade and Hamas claimed joint responsibility.
Gaza Street bus bombing	January 29, 2004	Rehavia, Jerusalem	11		Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade and Hamas claimed responsibility.
Liberty Bell Park bus bombing	February 22, 2004	Liberty Bell Garden, Jerusalem	8		Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade claimed responsibility.
Ashdod Port massacre	March 14, 2004	Port of Ashdod	10		Double suicide bombing. Carried out by Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade together with Hamas.
Beka'ot checkpoint bombing	May 22, 2004	Beka'ot checkpoint, Jordan Valley, West Bank	none	1	PFLP claimed responsibility.	[14][17]
Beersheba bus bombings	August 31, 2004	Downtown Beersheba on buses 7 and 12	16		Hamas claimed responsibility.
Sinai bombings	October 7, 2004	Sinai peninsula, Egypt	34		Suicide bombing at two Sinai holiday resorts frequented by Israeli tourists: thirty-one died at the Taba Hilton and three at Ras a-Satan. Among the dead were 12 Israelis; over 120 were wounded. The attack was masterminded by Iyad Saleh and carried out by a Palestinian group.
Carmel Market bombing	November 1, 2004	Tel Aviv	3	30	PFLP claimed responsibility.	[14][18]

2005

Name	Date	Location	Dead	Notes
Karni border crossing attack	January 13, 2005	Karni crossing, Gaza Strip	6	Carried out together by Hamas with Fatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades and Popular Resistance Committees.
Stage Club bombing	February 25, 2005	Tel Aviv sea promenade	5	Carried out together with Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades and with Hizballah involvement.
1st HaSharon Mall suicide bombing	July 12, 2005	Netanya	5	Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Hadera Market bombing	October 26, 2005	Hadera	7	Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
2nd HaSharon Mall suicide bombing	December 5, 2005	Netanya	5	Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.

2006

Name	Date	Location	Dead	Injured	Notes
1st Rosh Ha'ir restaurant bombing	January 19, 2006	Near Tel Aviv old central bus station	none	32	Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Kedumim bombing	March 30, 2006	Kdumim, West Bank	4		Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.
2nd Rosh Ha'ir restaurant bombing	April 17, 2006	Near Tel Aviv old central bus station	11	68	Carried out by Palestinian Islamic Jihad together with Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades.

2007

Name	Date	Location	Dead	Injured	Notes	Ref
Eilat bakery bombing	January 29, 2007	Eilat	3		Palestinian Islamic Jihad and Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claim joint responsibility.	[19]

2008

Name	Date	Location	Dead	Injured	Notes	Ref
Dimona bombing	February 4, 2008	Dimona	1	9	The Damascus leadership of Hamas claimed responsibility, but it has been argued they knew nothing of it, and that the operation was undertaken at the initiative of Hamas leaders in Gaza.	[20] [21]
Kerem Shalom suicide bombing	April 19, 2008	Kerem Shalom border crossing, Gaza Strip	none	13	Three Palestinian suicide bombers broke through the border fence to attack the Kerem Shalom IDF post, blowing themselves up and wounding several Israeli soldiers. Hamas claimed responsibility.	[22][23]

2010s

2015

Name	Date	Location	Dead	Injured	Notes	Ref
Ma'ale Adumim attempted bombing	October 11, 2015	Jerusalem	0	1	Palestinian female bomber detonates a bomb in her car after being stopped by traffic cops, on the road from the Israeli settlement of Ma'ale Adumim to Jerusalem.	[24]

2016

Name	Date	Location	Dead	Injured	Notes	Ref
2016 Jerusalem bus bombing	April 18, 2016	Jerusalem	0	20	A member of Hamas was involved, but Hamas, while praising the act, did not claim responsibility.	[25][26][27]

Sources and external links

Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Johnston's Terrorism Archive
Jewish Virtual Library Fatal terrorist attacks in Israel since the Declaration of Principles
Palestinian Suicide Bombers: A Statistical Analysis
Willing to Die: Palestinian suicide bombers, TruTV

Notes

"During the second intifada, from October 2000 until October 2005, 30 suicide bombings and other attacks killed 195 people and injured many more in Jerusalem. Of these, 186 casualties resulted from attacks perpetrated by Jerusalem residents."[11]

Citations

Kurz, Robert W.; Charles K. Bartles (2007). "Chechen suicide bombers" (PDF). Journal of Slavic Military Studies. Routledge. 20 (4): 529–547. doi:10.1080/13518040701703070. S2CID 96476266. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
"Protection of the civilian population". Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977. International Committee of the Red Cross. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
Human Capital and the Productivity of Suicide Bombers pdf Journal of Economic Perspectives Volume 21, Number 3, Summer 2007. Pages 223–238 Archived January 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
The European Union, Antisemitism, and the Politics of Denial, University of Nebraska Press, by R. Amy Elman, page 90
This Week In History: Terror attack on Bus 405, Jerusalem Post
The Consequences of Israel Counter Terrorism Policy, Pia Therese Jansen, p.48
"Suicide car bomb kills 2 near West Bank restaurant". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Associated Press. 17 April 1993.
Levitt, Matthew (2004). "Hamas from Cradle to Grave". Middle East Quarterly: 3–15.
"Archives - Philly.com". articles.philly.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
Jewish Virtual Library Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine Most prominent attacks of the Second Intifada
ICG 2012, p. 1, n.2.
"Publications". www.ict.org.il. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
"Without distinction – attacks on civilians by Palestinian armed groups". Amnesty International. 2002-07-11. Archived from the original on 2008-07-06. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
"Suicide and Other Bombing Attacks in Israel Since the Declaration of Principles (Sept 1993)". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 2017-12-07. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
"7 Die in Suicide Bomb Attack in Wadi Ara". Haaretz. Retrieved 2023-09-26.
כהן, אבי (26 December 2003). "ארבעה הרוגים בפיגוע בצומת גהה". Ynet. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
וייס, אפרת (22 May 2004). "מחבל פוצץ עצמו במחסום בבקעה, חייל נפצע קל". Ynet. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
כהן, אבי (1 November 2004). "2 נשים וגבר נרצחו בפיגוע בשוק הכרמל בת"א". Ynet. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
Myre, Greg. "Suicide Attack Is First in Israel in 9 Months". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
Toronto, Nathan W. (2008-04-20). "Where Have All the Bombers Gone?". Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya. Archived from the original on 2016-09-23. Retrieved 2016-09-23.
Scott Atran, 'Who Becomes a terrorist Today?,' in C. Webel, John A. Arnaldi (eds.), The Ethics and Efficacy of the Global War on Terrorism: Fighting Terror with Terror, Springer, 2011 p.51.
"Suicide bombing attack at Kerem Shalom, 13 soldiers wounded". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
Kershner, Isabel. "Palestinian Suicide Bombers Attack Gaza Crossing". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
"Terrorist detonates explosive near Ma'aleh Adumim checkpoint injuring police officer". Jpost. 2015-10-11. Archived from the original on 2015-10-12. Retrieved 2015-10-11.
'Israel says Jerusalem bus bombing was Hamas suicide attack,' Archived 2018-10-27 at the Wayback Machine BBC News 21 April 2016.
Peter Beaumont, 'Questions remain over Jerusalem bus attack after bomber named,' Archived 2016-09-28 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian 21 April 2016.
Michael Pearson and Oren Liebermann, 'Jerusalem bus bombing work of Hamas operative, police say,' Archived 2016-10-07 at the Wayback Machine CNN 21 April 2016:’Hamas said Wednesday in a statement on Hamas-run al-Aqsa TV and on the Hamas Twitter account that the bombing was conducted by a member of its military wing, Izzedine al Qassam. But the organization stopped short of a full claim of responsibility. The latest statement came from Hamas in the Bethlehem Governorate, not from the organization's official spokespeople in Gaza, where the group is based. Hamas and other Palestinian militant groups have praised the attack, but have not claimed responsibility.’

Sources

ICG (20 December 2012). Extreme Makeover? (II): The Withering of Arab Jerusalem (PDF). International Crisis Group. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 May 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2019.

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[12] "During the second intifada, from October 2000 until October 2005, 30 suicide bombings and other attacks killed 195 people and injured many more in Jerusalem. Of these, 186 casualties resulted from attacks perpetrated by Jerusalem residents."[11]

[rwkckb07-1] Kurz, Robert W.; Charles K. Bartles (2007). "Chechen suicide bombers" (PDF). Journal of Slavic Military Studies. Routledge. 20 (4): 529–547. doi:10.1080/13518040701703070. S2CID 96476266. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2012.

[ICRC-humanShieldsArt51-2] "Protection of the civilian population". Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977. International Committee of the Red Cross. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 10 July 2014.

[3] Human Capital and the Productivity of Suicide Bombers pdf Journal of Economic Perspectives Volume 21, Number 3, Summer 2007. Pages 223–238 Archived January 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine

[4] The European Union, Antisemitism, and the Politics of Denial, University of Nebraska Press, by R. Amy Elman, page 90

[bus405-5] This Week In History: Terror attack on Bus 405, Jerusalem Post

[6] The Consequences of Israel Counter Terrorism Policy, Pia Therese Jansen, p.48

[AP-7] "Suicide car bomb kills 2 near West Bank restaurant". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Associated Press. 17 April 1993.

[Matthew_Levitt-8] Levitt, Matthew (2004). "Hamas from Cradle to Grave". Middle East Quarterly: 3–15.

[9] "Archives - Philly.com". articles.philly.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2017.

[10] Jewish Virtual Library Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine Most prominent attacks of the Second Intifada

[FOOTNOTEICG20121,_n.2-11] ICG 2012, p. 1, n.2.

[13] "Publications". www.ict.org.il. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2017.

[amnesty-14] "Without distinction – attacks on civilians by Palestinian armed groups". Amnesty International. 2002-07-11. Archived from the original on 2008-07-06. Retrieved 2008-02-04.

[imfa-15] "Suicide and Other Bombing Attacks in Israel Since the Declaration of Principles (Sept 1993)". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 2017-12-07. Retrieved 2008-02-04.

[16] "7 Die in Suicide Bomb Attack in Wadi Ara". Haaretz. Retrieved 2023-09-26.

[autogenerated1-17] כהן, אבי (26 December 2003). "ארבעה הרוגים בפיגוע בצומת גהה". Ynet. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.

[18] וייס, אפרת (22 May 2004). "מחבל פוצץ עצמו במחסום בבקעה, חייל נפצע קל". Ynet. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.

[19] כהן, אבי (1 November 2004). "2 נשים וגבר נרצחו בפיגוע בשוק הכרמל בת"א". Ynet. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.

[20] Myre, Greg. "Suicide Attack Is First in Israel in 9 Months". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 September 2023.

[21] Toronto, Nathan W. (2008-04-20). "Where Have All the Bombers Gone?". Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya. Archived from the original on 2016-09-23. Retrieved 2016-09-23.

[22] Scott Atran, 'Who Becomes a terrorist Today?,' in C. Webel, John A. Arnaldi (eds.), The Ethics and Efficacy of the Global War on Terrorism: Fighting Terror with Terror, Springer, 2011 p.51.

[23] "Suicide bombing attack at Kerem Shalom, 13 soldiers wounded". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 19 September 2023.

[24] Kershner, Isabel. "Palestinian Suicide Bombers Attack Gaza Crossing". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 September 2023.

[25] "Terrorist detonates explosive near Ma'aleh Adumim checkpoint injuring police officer". Jpost. 2015-10-11. Archived from the original on 2015-10-12. Retrieved 2015-10-11.

[26] 'Israel says Jerusalem bus bombing was Hamas suicide attack,' Archived 2018-10-27 at the Wayback Machine BBC News 21 April 2016.

[27] Peter Beaumont, 'Questions remain over Jerusalem bus attack after bomber named,' Archived 2016-09-28 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian 21 April 2016.

[28] Michael Pearson and Oren Liebermann, 'Jerusalem bus bombing work of Hamas operative, police say,' Archived 2016-10-07 at the Wayback Machine CNN 21 April 2016:’Hamas said Wednesday in a statement on Hamas-run al-Aqsa TV and on the Hamas Twitter account that the bombing was conducted by a member of its military wing, Izzedine al Qassam. But the organization stopped short of a full claim of responsibility. The latest statement came from Hamas in the Bethlehem Governorate, not from the organization's official spokespeople in Gaza, where the group is based. Hamas and other Palestinian militant groups have praised the attack, but have not claimed responsibility.’