Patrick Chan

Patrick Chan started skating in 1996.[1] He originally wanted to learn to skate in order to play hockey, but soon became interested in figure skating.[36] His coach, Osborne Colson, made him spend 30 minutes a day on basic stroking, edge work, cross–cutting and balance drills.[18] Chan said, "I tell people I owe the flow in my knees and the flow I generate from my edges to Mr. Colson. He knew he had to pull everything apart and start from the ground up on the basics of skating."[18]

In 2001, aged 10, Chan won the bronze medal at the Canadian Junior National Championships at the juvenile level, the lowest qualifying level in the Canadian figure skating competition structure. He won the pre–novice national title in 2003, the novice title in 2004, and the junior title in 2005.

His gold at the junior level of the 2005 Canadian Championships earned him a place at the 2005 World Junior Championships, where he placed seventh. At the age of 14, he was the youngest skater at the event.[37]

In the 2005–2006 season, Chan made his ISU Junior Grand Prix debut. He won the gold medal at the event in Montreal and placed fourth at the event in Slovakia. He qualified for the Junior Grand Prix Final, where he placed fifth. Making his senior national debut at the 2006 Canadian Championships, he placed seventh and earned a spot at the 2006 World Junior Championships, where he placed sixth.

His first coach, Osborne Colson, guided him from the beginning of Chan's career until Colson's death in July 2006, due to complications arising from a car accident. Chan won the 2005 Canadian Junior Championship under Colson's guidance, and Colson had planned to coach Chan to the top of the sport. Chan regarded Colson as a grandfather figure, and the Chan family was at Colson's deathbed when he died. Chan wore a gold medallion belonging to Colson that was engraved with Colson's initials.[19] Chan was then coached by technical specialist Shin Amano, who coached in the same facility. This was a temporary arrangement that lasted six months.

Chan (right) on the podium at the 2007 Skate America

Aged 16, Chan decided to advance to the senior level internationally, despite having only one junior international medal. He was assigned two Grand Prix events, and made his senior international debut at the 2006 Trophée Éric Bompard, where he placed fifth. He later placed seventh at the 2006 NHK Trophy.

Chan competed at the 2007 Canadian Championships in Halifax and placed fifth. This earned him his third consecutive spot at the World Junior Championships, where he won the silver medal, becoming the first Canadian men's skater since 1984[38] to win a medal at the event.[39]

Chan began working with Don Laws, a former student of Colson's whom he met at Colson's funeral, in 2007.[40]

Chan and Don Laws at the 2007–08 Grand Prix Final

Chan divided his training time between World Arena Ice Hall in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and the Granite Club in Toronto.[36] Chan began his Grand Prix season at the 2007 Skate America, where he won the bronze medal. He then went on to win gold at the 2007 Trophée Éric Bompard. He placed fifth at the 2007–08 Grand Prix Final. At the 2008 Canadian Championships Chan won the national title at age 17. It was incorrectly reported that he had become the youngest Canadian men's champion in history—a record still held by Charles Snelling, who was 16 at the time of his 1954 victory.[41][42]

Chan competed at the 2008 World Championships in March. He placed seventh in the short program and 11th in the free skating, placing ninth overall.[43] Canada had two spots to 2008 Worlds. Chan's placement, combined with that of Jeffrey Buttle, who won the event, earned Canada three spots to the 2009 World Championships in the men's event.

In May 2008, Chan performed in the Festa on Ice show in South Korea, alongside show headliner Yuna Kim.[44]

Chan during his exhibition at the 2009 World Championships

Chan won gold medals at both of his Grand Prix events, the 2008 Skate Canada International and 2008 Trophée Éric Bompard,[45] thereby qualifying for the 2008–09 Grand Prix Final as the highest qualifier. He placed fifth at the final.

He competed at the 2009 Canadian Championships as the defending champion. He placed first in the short program and entered the final segment with a 17.00 point lead. During the free skate, he stepped out from a 3F, which was to be combined with a 3T, but landed two 3A jumps cleanly for the first time in his career. He won the free skate by a margin of 30.96 points, and took gold with a total margin of 48.52 points over silver medallist Vaughn Chipeur.

At the 2009 Four Continents Championships, Chan placed first in the short program, in which he received level 4 for all his spins and for his straight–line footwork. His score gave him a lead of over 7.25 points above the second–place finisher Evan Lysacek. He also won the free skate, executing a 3F–3T combination, as well as a 3Lz–2T–2Lo combination and receiving level four for all his spins and straight–line footwork. He outscored silver medallist Evan Lysacek by 12.04 points to win the gold medal.

At the 2009 World Championships, Chan placed third in the short program, behind Brian Joubert and Evan Lysacek, and second in the free skate to win the silver medal behind Lysacek. He was eighteen. He also competed for Canada at the 2009 World Team Trophy. He placed fourth in the men's competition and Canada won the silver overall, behind the United States and ahead of Japan.

During the off–season, Chan performed in the South Korean show Festa on Ice alongside Yuna Kim once again.

Chan at the 2010 World Championships

In July 2009, Chan landed a quad toe loop jump during a warm–up session at the 2009 Liberty Summer Competition.[46][47] He did not land it in competition.

Chan was assigned to the 2009 Rostelecom Cup and the 2009 Skate Canada International events for the 2009–10 ISU Grand Prix season.

Chan contracted a suspected case of H1N1 swine flu during a high performance training camp in Vancouver. The antibiotics treating the illness weakened his muscles, and Chan experienced pain while jumping.[48] This was eventually diagnosed as a gastrocnemius tear in his left calf muscle.[49] It was Chan's first major injury.[48] Chan's injury rehabilitation included a treatment in which his blood was drawn, spun and concentrated, and injected back into his injured muscle.[50] Chan withdrew from the Rostelecom Cup before the event. He placed sixth at the 2009 Skate Canada International. On January 8, 2010, Chan announced a coaching change to Lori Nichol, his long–time choreographer, and Christy Krall, a technical specialist based in Colorado.[51][52] At the 2010 Canadian Championships, he placed first in the short program, 11.27 points ahead of Vaughn Chipeur, after making a mistake on a 3F and receiving level fours for all his spins and his two step sequences.[53] He won the free skate and took the gold medal with a lead of 45.92 points. He set a record score in the Canadian Championships.[54] He was thereby named to the Olympic team, along with Chipeur.

The 2010 Winter Olympics were held in Chan's home country, Canada. Chan placed seventh in the short program and then earned a new personal best score to place fourth in the free skate, finishing fifth overall.[55][56] Chan said later that the support of the audience at the event had made him realize how proud he was to be Canadian.[57]

Chan competed once again at the 2010 World Championships. He placed second in the short program, just 1.50 behind the leader, Daisuke Takahashi. He placed second in the free skate, 8.98 points behind Takahashi, to win his second world silver medal. Chan earned US$27,000 in prize money.[58]

During the off–season, he debuted his newest show program, skating to Bobby McFerrin's "Don't Worry, Be Happy", at the Woodstock Skating Club in April 2010.[59] He performed in the show Festa on Ice for the third consecutive year. He also performed in the show All That Skate LA, again headlined by Kim.

Chan began his season at the 2010 Liberty Summer Competition where he debuted his new short program to the music of Take Five, a jazz piece. He placed first in the short program, landing his first 4T in competition and was awarded a high grade of execution for the jump.[60] In the free skate, he missed the 4T, but landed a 3A–3T combination for his first time in competition, and took the gold medal.

Chan was assigned to the 2010 Skate Canada International and to the 2010 Cup of Russia for the 2010–11 ISU Grand Prix season. At Skate Canada, Chan had a collision with Adam Rippon during the morning practice before the short program.[61] He placed fourth in the short program after falling on his 4T, his 3A and his step sequence. He won the free skating after landing a 4T and five more triple jumps, and finished first overall. It was his first time landing a quad in an ISU competition.[62] Although he fell on a 3A to make it four falls over the course of the competition, his total score was high enough to earn the gold medal.[63] Chan also struggled with consistency at 2010 Cup of Russia, accumulating another four falls over the competition. He was first in the short program, where he landed a 4T–3T combination and fell on a 3A.[64] In the free skating, he fell on a quad and two triples.[65] Chan finished second overall, 3.1 points behind Tomáš Verner. His combined placements qualified him for the Grand Prix Final. He commented on his performance: "It really bothered me. The week before Russia, I did four clean free skatings in a row in practice. I just couldn't grasp why I wasn't doing it in competition."[58] Chan sought advice from Olympic champion Brian Boitano, "I had to find another way to force my technique, force my mind to do it properly, even through the times where I didn't feel well. ... I still don't believe in a shrink. They haven't been in our situation, on the ice standing in front of thousands of people."[58]

At the Grand Prix Final, he placed second in the short program, just 1.00 behind Nobunari Oda of Japan. He landed a 4T, a 3A and a 3F–3T. He won the free skate and his first Grand Prix Final title. He obtained his fourth consecutive Canadian national title at the 2011 Canadian Championships. He placed first in the short program after landing a 4T and a 3F–3T, although he doubled his intended 3A. He won the free skating after completing a 4T, a 4T–3T combination and six more triple jumps. This was the first time he landed two 4T in the same program.[66] Overall, he won the gold medal with 285.85 points. His free skating and combined total scores were a new record at the Canadian Nationals.[67]

At the 2011 World Championships held in Moscow after a delay of a month, Chan won the short program with a score of 93.02 points, a new world record.[68][69] In the free skate, he picked up 187.96 points (another world record), giving him a total of 280.98 points for his two days of competition.[70][71] In September, he received three Guinness World Records certificates for achieving world records in the short program, free skating, and overall score.[8][72]

Chan consulted with Brian Boitano during the season.[62] During the off–season, he skated in shows in Beijing, Shanghai, Taiwan, and South Korea.[72] He also worked on a quad salchow, although the triple salchow is not his strongest jump.[72]

Chan worked with Peter Davis, the former sports science director for the US Olympic Committee; choreographer Lori Nichol; Kathy Johnson, a movement and balance coach; Andy O'Brien, a strength, fitness and nutrition coach; physiotherapist Mark Lindsay; and Eddie Shipstead who helped with quads, using special harnesses which prevent injury.[24][73][74][75] Chan was assigned to 2011 Skate Canada International and 2011 Trophée Eric Bompard as his Grand Prix events. At Skate Canada, Chan placed third in the short program and won the free skating to win the gold medal at the event. He also won the 2011 Trophée Eric Bompard and directly qualified for the 2011–12 Grand Prix Final.

Just before the Final, an interview was released that caused controversy; Chan and Skate Canada officials said that his comments had been misconstrued.[76][77] In 2011, his expenses were reported to be about CAN$ 150,000.[75] He supported his skating by performing in shows and holding fundraisers.[24][78] Chan said that his parents had made sacrifices for his skating career and that he felt connected to his Chinese heritage due to the support he received from the Chinese–Canadian community.[23][79]

In December 2011, Chan competed in the 2011–12 Grand Prix Final. He placed first in the short program, as well as in the free skate, to win the gold medal by an 11.18 point margin over Daisuke Takahashi. Chan competed in the 2012 Canadian Championships in January 2012. During his short program, he landed a 4T–3T combination, a 3A and a 3Lz, and received level fours for his spins and footwork. He also got 10.00 in his program component scores.[80] He then won the free skate with several 10.00 for his component marks.[81] He won his fifth Canadian title with 302.14 points, by a 62.70–point lead over silver medallist Kevin Reynolds. He set a new record score at the Canadian Nationals.[82]

In February 2012, Chan competed in the 2012 Four Continents Championships. He placed first in the short program, 4.51 ahead of Takahito Mura, and in the free skate, 24.25 ahead of Daisuke Takahashi, and obtained a 10.00 for his program component scores.[83] He won gold with a total score of 273.94 points.

In late March 2012, Chan competed at the 2012 World Championships in Nice, France, and won his second straight World title.[84] He placed first in both segments and finished with a total of 266.11 points, 6.45 ahead of silver medallist Daisuke Takahashi. This result has caused shock and controversy in public.[85] On April 16, 2012, news media reported that Chan had accepted Krall's resignation.[86][87] He credited Krall with improving his quad jump.[88]

Chan at the 2012 Rostelecom Cup

During the season, Chan was coached by Kathy Johnson and Eddie Shipstead. He left his longtime choreographer Lori Nichol and asked Jeff Buttle and David Wilson to produce his competitive programs.[89]

Opening his season, Chan placed sixth at the Japan Open. At the 2012 Skate Canada International he competed as the defending champion and obtained the silver medal, behind Spain's Javier Fernández. At the 2012 Cup of Russia, he won gold with first–place results in both segments. Chan thus qualified for the 2012–13 Grand Prix Final, where he obtained the bronze medal. During a tour in December, he consulted previous Canadian champions on mental preparation.[90]

In January, at the 2013 Canadian Championships, Chan ranked first in both segments and won his sixth Canadian national title. At the 2013 World Championships, held in London, Ontario, Canada, Chan won the short program where he landed a 4T–3T combination, 3A, and 3Lz, and received level fours in his spins and footwork earning 6.81 points more than Denis Ten from Kazakhstan. He set a new world record score under the ISU Judging System.[91] He committed some mistakes in his jumps in the free skating and placed second in that segment of the competition but obtained enough points to keep the lead. He finished first with 267.78 points overall, edging Ten for the gold medal by 1.3 points. It was Chan's third consecutive World title. The result was debated by many skating experts, some believing that Ten merited the victory.[92][93]

During the summer of 2013, Chan moved his training base from Colorado to Detroit to continue to work with Kathy Johnson.[94]

Chan at the 2013 Trophée Éric Bompard

In the 2013–14 ISU Grand Prix season, Chan won both the 2013 Skate Canada International and the 2013 Trophée Éric Bompard with a world record score at the time in both the short program and the free skate. He finished second in the Grand Prix Final, behind Yuzuru Hanyu of Japan.

At the 2014 Winter Olympics, Patrick Chan competed in the inaugural team event. He skated the men's short program and placed third, contributing to Canada's silver medal finish.[95]

During the individual event, Chan ranked second in the short program, scoring 3.93 points less than Hanyu's world record score and more than ten points ahead of the rest of the field. Hanyu's program featured the same jumps as Chan, but he had achieved better quality and amplitude on the jumps, particularly the triple axel.[96] Hanyu fell twice during his free skate and had another triple discounted for putting his foot down in the middle of a jump sequence, while Chan struggled on several of his jumps including a miss on a relatively simple double Axel. As a result, Hanyu outscored Chan in the free skate by 0.54 points to take the gold medal, while Chan received the silver medal.[97][98]

In September 2014, Skate Canada announced that Chan would miss most of the 2014–2015 season and return to the competition circuit in the 2015–2016 season. The only exception was the Japan Open invitational event held in October 2014; he placed first with a new free skate.[99][100][101][102]

Patrick Chan at the 2015–16 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final

During the spring of 2015, Chan confirmed in several interviews that he would start training for the 2015–2016 season.[103][104] He was assigned to compete at the 2015 Skate Canada International and the 2015 Trophée Éric Bompard.[105] He beat the Olympic champion Yuzuru Hanyu to win Skate Canada for a record–tying fifth time. He finished fourth in his return to the Grand Prix Final, placing third in the free skate after landing one quad.

Chan easily nabbed his eighth national title at the 2016 Canadian Figure Skating Championships [106] Chan won gold at the 2016 Four Continents Championships, defeating Jin Boyang and scoring a new personal best in the free skate.[107] He finished fifth at the 2016 World Championships after placing third in the short and fifth in the free.

Chan and Johnson decided they would move to Vancouver in July 2016.[108][109] She resigned in August 2016,[110] and the move to Vancouver was put on hold.[111] On September 23, 2016, Chan announced that his new coaching team would be led by Marina Zueva, and his training base would be Canton, Michigan.[112] He would stay in Canton for the entire season.

The high point of Chan's season was winning a record sixth Skate Canada title, breaking the record he had shared with Elvis Stojko, who holds five Skate Canada titles. For the second straight year, Chan outscored Olympic champion Yuzuru Hanyu for the victory. At Cup of China, he beat world bronze medallist Boyang Jin for gold. He placed second in the short program at the Grand Prix Final but would finish fifth overall.

Chan easily won a record–tying ninth Canadian national title.[113] At the 2017 World Championships, he set his new personal best in the short program of 102.13, putting himself in medal contention in third place, but dropped to fifth after the long program. During the season, he attempted to incorporate a quadruple Salchow into his repertoire in response to the increasing jump difficulty of his top competitors.

Chan skates his short program at the 2018 Olympics

During his final competitive season, Chan placed fourth at the 2017 Skate Canada International and withdrew from the 2017 NHK Trophy. Following Skate Canada, he moved to Vancouver to take a break, then began training with coach Ravi Walia.[114] In January, he won a record tenth Canadian title at the 2018 Canadian Championships.

In February, Chan represented Canada at his third Olympics, in Pyeongchang, South Korea.[115] He won his first Olympic gold and third Olympic medal overall during the team event, defeating the Olympic Athletes from Russia. He skated both segments, ranking third in the short and first in the free skate. This earned 18 team points for Canada, six more than the Russian skater Mikhail Kolyada. In the individual men's event, Chan finished ninth after placing sixth in the short program and eighth in the free skate. He had tripled a quad attempt, doubled a triple, and touched down with his hand on a triple axel.[116] He stated that this Olympic event was his last competition.[117] He officially retired from competition on April 16, 2018.[2][118]

Chan still participates in major figure skating tours in Canada. In December 2018, he tore a couple of knee ligaments in a skiing accident.[119]

In 2020, he became an Olympic Committee ambassador and had the distinction of being named the Athlete Role Model for figure skating at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics in Lausanne, Switzerland.[120]

Chan's skating skills are described as skating which is ahead of the evolution of skating that many skaters have cultivated over the years.[122][123] 2016 World Champion Eric Radford once described Chan as the "Skater's skaters", whose skating technique is seen by athletes around the world as the standard of performance.[124] He is considered by many as the "King of Skating Skills" with his high–level skating skills, which was considered as the training fruit of Osborne Colson, his first coach.[125] 1992 Olympic champion Viktor Petrenko also said: "You can see why Chan's PCS is so high by counting the number of crossovers he makes during his performance, which is a clear indication that his components are at the highest level."[126]

Chan's high–altitude skating skills are very famous, along with the aesthetics of his programs.[127] Chan's ability to control his movements on the ice is extremely smooth,[128] and is often described as movements on the edges of the skate blade instead of the entire blade like the way of moving on ice commonly seen in other skaters.[5] The ability to control speed on the ice allows Chan to accelerate and gain momentum in a short time to achieve the speed needed, so that he can perform quads in short approach, while a lot other athletes often have to slide a longer distance around the rink to gain momentum when performing quads.[128][129] In terms of harmony, Chan's programs are also often choreographed with good connection between the jumps.[128] Another unique feature of his skating technique is the one–foot skating technique throughout half the length of the ice rink,[128] and the ability to perform curvilinear movements with large and complex orbits. This masterful one–foot skating technique was demonstrated at the 2011 World Figure Skating Championships in Moscow, with a step sequence performed entirely on one foot and received +2 GOE from the ISU judging panel. Chan has a signature with his unique skating style thanks to his soft knees, deep knee bends as well as the use on the edges of the blades to achieve his ideal skating speed.[5][128] Since a young age, he has been appreciated for his smooth skating technique, large ice coverage and ability to engage in acting in competition as well as the artistry of the programs. He is also known for his highly choreographed programs, his skillful edges transitions with ideal deep edges, and highly flexible and complex step sequences. Chan is thereby considered one of the pioneers of the modern era of men's figure skating with strong programs in both technique and artistry.[130] Since the age of 15, Chan has received a level 4 for the step sequence. His excellent steps and transitions are considered as a textbook for ISU judges.[128]

Speaking about Chan's skating technique, coach Marina Zoueva once said that: "Patrick is primarily a performer, not a jumper. He lives by movement on ice, which is probably why he returned to sports. Watching him skate is happiness for a coach".[131]

Commenting on Chan's contributions to the history of figure skating in Canada and around the world, CBC's Pj Kwong wrote: "Chan is the latest in a long line of Canadian men who have made the leap from figure skating champion to figure skating legend. The difference between the two is that champions win titles, while legends change the sport in some way."[130]

In terms of jumping technique, Chan is known mainly for his 6 types of triple jumps (Axel, Lutz, Flip, Salchow, Toe Loop, Loop) including the Triple Axel with 3.5 real turns, and 2 types of quadruple jumps (Toe Loop, Salchow). Since the 2010–2011 season, he has performed 4T jumps in both short program and free skates, and successfully landed a 4T in the short program and two 4T in the free program during 3 consecutive years competing at the World Championships from 2011 to 2013. He landed his first Quad Salchow at the age of 25, during the 2016–2017 season. In addition, he also set a goal to land the 4F in preparation for the 2018 Winter Olympics.[132]

In the early years of his senior career, during the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 seasons at the 2008 Trophée Éric Bompard and 2009 Skate Canada International, Chan once received edge calls for his 3F, but since then, he has been consistently using the right edge in Flips.

In Chan's free skates at the 2014 Winter Olympics, his 4T–3T combination received +3 GOE from the entire judging panel, the highest GOE for a jumping combination in the men's discipline. On the other hand, Chan's weakness in jumping technique is often shown in the Axel jumps, mostly 3A.

In spinning skills, he has often received Level 4 since he participated in the 2006 NHK Trophy at the age of 15.[125] Of all the spinning techniques, Chan's Camel Spin is the most highly valued.[133]

Chan has broken world records 7 times in his career:

• QR = Qualifying round; SP = Short program; FS = Free skating