Peace Dale, Rhode Island

Peace Dale was established as an official town in 1793 by South Kingstown industrialist Rowland Hazard who named the village in honor of his wife, Mary Peace Hazard. Around 1804, Hazard reputedly pioneered the use of carding machines to process wool in Rhode Island. In 1814, Hazard was also one of the first American manufacturers to employ narrow-width power looms, and also was the first woolen manufacturer to combine all his manufacturing processes under one roof, from wool carding through spinning, weaving, and dyeing.

In 1819 Rowland Hazard's sons Isaac P. Hazard and Rowland G. Hazard assumed management responsibility for the Peace Dale Manufacturing Company.[2][3] A third brother, Joseph P. Hazard, joined them as a partner in 1828, and the business took the name "R.G. Hazard & Co."[4]

Around 1820 the senior Rowland Hazard renamed the nearby industrial village to Wakefield after the town and family of the same name in England, who were friends of his. Prior to this, the village had been called McCoon's Mill for the snuff mill that by the 1820s had been converted to manufacturing woolen textiles.

After an 1845 fire destroyed one of the mill buildings,[3] the brothers built new facilities, including expanded hydropower systems and a fireproof stone factory.[5] In 1848 the partnership incorporated, becoming the Peace Dale Manufacturing Company, with Isaac P. Hazard as president and Rowland G. Hazard as secretary/treasurer.[3][4] In 1849 the business started a transition into making woolen shawls and other high-quality woolens instead of cheaper fabrics.[5]

Later in the 19th century, the sons of Rowland G. Hazard, John N. and Rowland Hazard II (1829-1898), assumed responsibility for operating the Peace Dale Mills. In 1856 Rowland Hazard II, an amateur architect, designed several new buildings in Peace Dale, including a new stone weaving mill and a stone building located across from the mills that housed offices, a store, the village post office, and a public hall. Over the next several decades he influenced the construction and design of numerous additional buildings, accounting for more than half of the built environment of modern Peace Dale.[5] Rowland Hazard II also was an initial investor in the Solvay Process Company, with works at Solvay, New York, and served as the company's first president.

Peace Dale's mills operated for woolen manufacturing until 1948, when the manufacturing machinery was removed.[6]

The Hazard family also owned and operated the Narragansett Pier Railroad which connected their textile mills in Peace Dale and Wakefield to the New York, Providence and Boston Railroad at Kingston Station (Rhode Island) and to shipping at South Pier in the village of Narragansett Pier.

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Rhode Island

• A Stroll Through Memory Lane Vol. I by Oliver H. Stedman. West Kingston RI : Kingston Press c. 1978
• Lost South Kingstown : with a history of ten of its early villages by Kathleen Bossy and Mary Keane. Kingston, R.I. : Pettaquamscutt Historical Society, c. 2004
• History of Washington and Kent counties, Rhode Island by J.R. Cole. New York : W. W. Preston & Co., 1889

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Peace Dale, Rhode Island.

• Town of South Kingstown, Rhode Island
• Peace Dale Presentation
• Peace Dale, Rhode Island at Curlie
• Peace Dale Manufacturing Company Records at Baker Library Historical Collections, Harvard Business School