Peruvian Segunda División

The Liga 2 (Ligue 2) of Peru is the second-highest division in the Peruvian football league system. It is a professional and promotional division organized by the Peruvian Football Federation. After years of changing numbers of clubs, as of 2023 the league includes 14 clubs.

Peruvian Segunda División
Founded1943 (1943)
CountryPeru
Number of teams14
Level on pyramid2
Promotion toLiga 1
Relegation toCopa Perú
Domestic cup(s)Copa Bicentenario
Current championsComerciantes Unidos
(2023)
Most championshipsCarlos Concha
Ciclista Lima
Deportivo Municipal
Guardia Republicana
Mariscal Sucre
Sport Boys
Unión Callao
Unión Huaral (3 titles each)
Current: 2023 season

History

The format of the Second Division has changed over the years. For decades after it was first formed in 1936, only clubs from the Department of Lima participated in the annual tournament. The winner was promoted to the Primera Division Peruana (First Division), the professional league.

  • 1988-1990, the winner was promoted to the Regional Metropolitan League (Torneo Metropolitano Regional).
  • 1991, there was no promotion because the First Division was undergoing major changes.
  • 1992, the format changed again. This time the winner of the tournament would play against the winners of the northern, southern and central regions in order to be promoted.
  • 1993-1997, the former system, in which the winner was directly promoted to the first division, was used.
  • 1998, the winner of the Second Division played a game against the second-to-last placed club of the First Division, to determine which would be in the First Division.
  • 1999-2003, the former system of promotion and relegation was used.
  • 2004-2008, a new format was adopted, in which the winner and runner-up of the Second Division would play in the Round of 16 of the Copa Perú.
  • 2009, the winner of the tournament was promoted to the First Division, while the last team was relegated from the tournament and played in the 2010 edition of the Copa Perú. Their places were taken by the two relegated clubs of the First Division, and the team that finished in third place in the 2009 Copa Perú.
  • 2010, the former system, in which the winner was directly promoted to the first division, was used. Two teams left the tournament before its start which reduced the number of teams participating back to ten.
  • 2011, Ten teams played a home and way tournament and split the second half into two groups, the top five teams from the previous stage decided the Champion while the bottom five fought against relegation.
  • 2012, the former system, in which the winner was directly promoted to the first division, was used. Two teams left the tournament before its start which reduced the number of teams to ten and automatically relegated them to the 2013 edition of the Copa Peru.
  • 2013, the leagues was expanded to 16 teams. A rigorous financial stability check was implemented which only 14 teams passed. Two teams were relegated to the 2014 edition of the Copa Peru.

Competition format and sponsorship
Logo for ADFP Segunda División

Since 2006, the winner of the tournament is promoted to the First Division, while the last two teams are relegated from the tournament to the Departamental Stage of the Copa Perú. Their places are taken by the two relegated clubs from the First Division, and the team that finishes second place in the Copa Perú.

Sponsorship

Liga 2 is sponsored by Movistar's Gol Perú which has exclusive broadcasting rights.

Criticisms

The Segunda División has received numerous criticisms, chiefly due to the lack of stability in the process of competition and promotion, and the lack of professionalism.[1]

Team count

The Segunda División has changed the number of teams that operate in the league several times. Over the course of 74 years, the Segunda has had as few as four teams and as many as 16. The early Segunda División were played with an average number of teams ranging from 4 to 10. Prior to the current 12-club Segunda División, during the 2000s, the team count continued to fluctuate between 10, 12, 14, 16 and even a surprising 13. For example, 12 teams competed in 2009, 10 competed in 2008, 11 competed in 2007, and 12 teams competed from 2004 to 2006. The over-all goal of the organization is to have a stable league of 16 teams.

Artificial turf

Several stadiums used in the second division have artificial grass installed for the so-called massification of sport.[2] Most stadiums in Peru are owned by the IPD (Instituto Peruano del Deporte), which is the state group responsible for supporting the use of artificial turf. This has been severely criticized by top division teams and the media. At first, these artificial turfs were installed for the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Cup; however, more artificial turf was installed in other stadiums after the U-17 World Cup concluded.[3] These turfs are criticized for having a negative influence on the game and for the injuries which they cause to players.

Clubs

Currently, 13 clubs participate in Liga 2. There are currently no teams from the Lima Metropolitan area with all clubs representing cities from the country's interior. The number of clubs has fluctuated season by season from 10 to 16 teams participating in the tournament.

Ciclista Lima, Unión Huaral, Deportivo Municipal, Guardia Republicana, Mariscal Sucre, Unión Callao, Telmo Carbajo, Sport Boys, Unión Gonzáles Prada, and Carlos Concha trail behind with 3 titles. Universidad César Vallejo, Total Clean, Cobresol, José Gálvez, Los Caimanes, and Comerciantes Unidos are the only clubs outside the metropolitan area of Lima to have won a Segunda Division championship. In addition, Alianza Lima, Atlético Chalaco, Centro Iqueño, Defensor Lima, Municipal, Mariscal Sucre, San Agustín, Sport Boys, and Unión Huaral are the only teams that have been champions of the First and Second Division.

Since the Second Division became a nation-wide tournament in 2006, 20 of the 25 regions have had representative teams in the Segunda División/Liga 2. The only five regions that have never had a representative are Amazonas, Huancavelica, Madre de Dios, Pasco, and Tumbes.

Stadia and Locations
Locations of the 2023 Liga 2 teams
Team City Stadium[4] Capacity[5]
Alfonso UgartePunoGuillermo Briceño Rosamedina20,030
Alianza UniversidadHuánucoHeraclio Tapia25,000
Carlos SteinJaénVíctor Montoya Segura9,000
ComerciantesIquitosMax Augustín24,000
Comerciantes UnidosCutervoJuan Maldonado Gamarra12,000
Deportivo CoopsolSan Vicente de CañeteRoberto Yáñez5,000
Deportivo LlacuabambaCajamarcaHéroes de San Ramón18,000
Juan AurichChiclayoMunicipal de la Juventud2,000
Los ChankasAndahuaylasMonumental de Condebamba10,000
PirataOlmosFrancisco Mendoza Pizarro5,000
SantosNascaJosé Picasso Peratta8,000
Unión HuaralHuaralJulio Lores Colan10,000
Universidad San MartínLimaUniversidad San Marcos32,000

Champions

Peruvian Segunda División had amateur status since its foundation until 1987. In the course of this era, Telmo Carbajo, Ciclista Lima, Unión Callao, Carlos Concha and Mariscal Sucre shared the most titles. The first run from 1943 to 1987 featured clubs only from Lima and Callao. In 1988 the league obtained professional status and in 2006 expanded the league to the entire nation, beginning the Segunda División Nacional.

Amateur league (1943–1987)

Tournament names:

  • 1943–1972: "Segunda División Metropolitana"
  • 1983: "Segunda División Experimental"
  • 1984–1987: "Región IX"
Ed. Season Champion Runner-up
1
1943Telmo Carbajo[6]Progresista Apurímac
2
1944Ciclista Lima[7]Telmo Carbajo
3
1945Santiago Barranco[8]Atlético Lusitania
4
1946Ciclista Lima[9]Unión Callao
5
1947Jorge Chávez[10]Santiago Barranco
6
1948Centro Iqueño[11]Santiago Barranco
7
1949Jorge Chávez[12]Ciclista Lima
8
1950Unión Callao[13]Association Chorrillos
9
1951Association Chorrillos[14]Atlético Lusitania
10
1952Unión Callao[15]Porvenir Miraflores
11
1953Carlos Concha[16]Atlético Lusitania
12
1954Unión Callao[17]KDT Nacional
13
1955Carlos Concha[18]Porvenir Miraflores
14
1956Porvenir Miraflores[19]Unión América
15
1957Mariscal Castilla[20]Carlos Concha
16
1958Unión América[21]Porvenir Miraflores
17
1959Mariscal Sucre[22]KDT Nacional
18
1960Defensor Lima[23]Carlos Concha
19
1961KDT Nacional[24]Association Chorrillos
20
1962Mariscal Sucre[25]Carlos Concha
21
1963Carlos Concha[26]Porvenir Miraflores
22
1964Defensor Arica[27]Porvenir Miraflores
23
1965Mariscal Sucre[28]Íntimos de la Legua
24
1966Porvenir Miraflores[29]Racing
25
1967KDT Nacional[30]Independiente Sacachispas
26
1968Deportivo Municipal[31]ADO
27
1969Deportivo SIMA[32]Mariscal Sucre
28
1970ADO[33]Centro Iqueño
29
1971Deportivo SIMA[34]Atlético Chalaco
30
1972Atlético Chalaco[35]Porvenir Miraflores
–
1973–1982No Tournament (see Liguilla de Ascenso and Liga Mayor de Fútbol de Lima)
31
1983Unión Gonzáles Prada[36]Academia Cantolao
32
1984Unión Gonzáles Prada[37]Juventud La Joya
33
1985Alcides Vigo[38]Centro Iqueño
34
1986Internazionale[39]AELU
35
1987AELU[40]CITEN

Professional league (1988–present)

Tournament names:

  • 1988–2005: "Segunda División Metropolitana"
  • 2005–2018: "Segunda División Nacional"
  • 2019–present: "Liga 2"
Ed. Season Champion Runner-up Third Place
36
1988Defensor Lima[41]Juventud La PalmaSport Boys
37
1989Sport Boys[42]Juventud La PalmaGuardia Republicana
38
1990Hijos de Yurimaguas[43]Walter OrmeñoJuventud La Palma
39
1991Enrique Lau Chun[44]Deportivo ZúñigaGuardia Republicana
40
1992Unión Huaral[45]Ciclista LimaGuardia Republicana
41
1993Ciclista Lima[46]Guardia RepublicanaAlcides Vigo
42
1994Unión Huaral[47]Hijos de YurimaguasDeportivo Zúñiga
43
1995Guardia Republicana[48]Deportivo ZúñigaLawn Tennis
44
1996Alcides Vigo[49]Hijos de YurimaguasUnión Huaral
45
1997Lawn Tennis[50]Bella EsperanzaHijos de Yurimaguas
46
1998Hijos de Yurimaguas[51]Alcides VigoAELU
47
1999América Cochahuayco[52]Sporting Cristal B[note 1]Alcides Vigo
48
2000Deportivo Aviación[53]Alcides VigoHijos de Yurimaguas
49
2001Alcides Vigo[54]AELUBella Esperanza
50
2002Unión HuaralDefensor Villa del MarSporting Cristal B[note 1]
51
2003Sport CoopsolSporting Cristal B[note 1]Olímpico Somos Perú
52
2004Olimpico AuroraDeportivo MunicipalUnión de Campeones
53
2005Olimpico AuroraDeportivo AviaciónDeportivo Municipal
54
2006Deportivo Municipal[55]Universidad San MarcosDeportivo Aviación
55
2007Universidad César Vallejo[56]Atlético MineroUTC
56
2008Total Clean[57]Inti GasSport Águila
57
2009Sport Boys[58]CobresolDeportivo Coopsol
58
2010CobresolSport ÁncashHijos de Acosvinchos
59
2011José GálvezDeportivo CoopsolAlianza Unicachi
60
2012PacíficoDeportivo CoopsolLos Caimanes
61
2013Los CaimanesAlfonso UgarteAtlético Torino
62
2014Deportivo MunicipalDeportivo CoopsolCarlos A. Mannucci
63
2015Comerciantes UnidosLos CaimanesAtlético Torino
64
2016Academia CantolaoSport AncashCienciano
65
2017Sport BoysUniversidad César VallejoDeportivo Hualgayoc
66
2018Universidad César VallejoCarlos A. Mannucci Cienciano
67
2019CiencianoAlianza AtléticoJuan Aurich
68
2020Alianza AtléticoJuan AurichUnión Huaral
69
2021Atlético GrauCarlos SteinSport Chavelines
70
2022CuscoUnión ComercioSantos
71
2023Comerciantes Unidos

Titles by club
Club Titles Runners-up Seasons won Seasons runner-up
Carlos Concha331953, 1955, 19631957, 1960, 1962
Ciclista Lima321944, 1946, 19931949, 1992
Deportivo Municipal311968, 2006, 20142004
Guardia Republicana311985, 1987, 19951993
Mariscal Sucre311959, 1962, 19651969
Unión Callao311950, 1952, 19541946
Sport Boys301989, 2009, 2017—
Unión Huaral301992, 1994, 2002—
Porvenir Miraflores261956, 19661952, 1955, 1958, 1963, 1964, 1972
Santiago Barranco231941, 19451940, 1947, 1948
Alcides Vigo221996, 20011998, 2000
Hijos de Yurimaguas221990, 19981994, 1996
KDT Nacional221961, 19671954, 1959
Defensor Lima201960, 1988—
Olímpico Aurora212004, 20052008
Universidad César Vallejo212007, 20182017
Comerciantes Unidos202015, 2023—
Deportivo SIMA201969, 1971—
Jorge Chávez201947, 1949—
Unión Gonzáles Prada201983, 1984—
AELU1319871984, 1986, 2001
Centro Iqueño1319481939, 1941, 1970
Juventud La Palma1219811988, 1989
Association Chorrillos1219511950, 1961
ADO1119701968
Alianza Atlético1120202019
Atlético Chalaco1119721971
Cobresol1120102009
Deportivo Aviación1120002005
Los Caimanes1120132015
Telmo Carbajo1119431944
Unión América1119581956
Academia Cantolao102016—
América Cochahuayco101999—
Atlético Grau102021—
Cienciano102019—
Compañía Peruana de Teléfonos101975—
Cusco102022—
Defensor Arica101964—
Enrique Lau Chun101991—
Internazionale101986—
José Gálvez102011—
Lawn Tennis101997—
Mariscal Castilla101957—
Pacífico102012—
San Agustín101984—
Sport Coopsol102003—
Total Clean102008—

Titles by region
Region Nº of titles Clubs
Lima Lima 45 Ciclista Lima (4), Unión Huaral (4), Deportivo Municipal (3), Guardia Republicana (3), Mariscal Sucre (3), Unión Gonzáles Prada (3), Alcides Vigo (2), Defensor Lima (2), Olímpico Aurora (2), Porvenir Miraflores (2), América Cochahuayco (1), AELU (1), Association Chorrillos (1), Centro Iqueño (1), Compañía Peruana de Teléfonos (1), Defensor Arica (1), Deportivo Aviación (1), Enrique Lau Chun (1), Juventud La Palma (1), Lawn Tennis (1), Mariscal Castilla (1), Pacífico (1), San Agustín (1), Santiago Barranco (1), Sport Coopsol (1), Internazionale (1), Unión América (1)
Callao Callao 20 Carlos Concha (3), Unión Callao (3), Sport Boys (3), Hijos de Yurimaguas (2), Jorge Chávez (2), KDT Nacional (2), Deportivo SIMA (2), Atlético Chalaco (1), ADO (1), Academia Cantolao (1), Telmo Carbajo (1)
Department of Cajamarca Cajamarca 2 Comerciantes Unidos (2)
Cusco Cusco 2 Cienciano (1), Cusco (1)
La Libertad Region La Libertad 2 Universidad César Vallejo (2)
Department of Piura Piura 2 Alianza Atlético (1), Atlético Grau (1)
Ancash Ancash 1 José Gálvez (1)
Arequipa Arequipa 1 Total Clean (1)
Department of Lambayeque Lambayeque 1 Los Caimanes (1)
Department of Moquegua Moquegua 1 Cobresol (1)

Notes
  1. Sporting Cristal B can´t be promoted as they are the "reserve team" of Sporting Cristal which plays in First Division.

See also

References
  1. Becker, Wolfy (6 March 2007). "The dreadful situation of Peruvian football". Wolfy Becker. Archived from the original on 31 January 2009. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
  2. "Woodman: "No habrá cambio de césped en el Elías Aguirre"" [There will not be changes to the field in the Elías Aguirre] (in Spanish). Peru.com. Retrieved 26 April 2010. Agregó que de ninguna manera se cambiara el césped sintético a los demás estadios del país que tienen este tipo de gramado. 'Nosotros estamos para masificar el deporte y el pasto sintético es un tema apoyado por la FIFA.... Además sí se puede jugar al fútbol, como se juega en todos lados' subrayó Woodman.
  3. "Three Companies re-sign agreement". FIFA. Retrieved 26 May 2010. Polytan Sportstättenbau GmbH, the German-based company, won the tender for installing 4 fields in Peru, all of which were used for the FIFA U-17 World Championship Peru 2005. This was the first time a FIFA Final tournament was played entirely on artificial turf.
  4. Most stadiums are owned by the Instituto Peruano del Deporte (IPD).
  5. "Peru". fussballtempel.net. Archived from the original on 25 February 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
  6. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division 1943". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-01.
  7. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division 1944". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-01.
  8. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division 1945". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-01.
  9. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division 1946". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-01.
  10. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-01.
  11. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-01.
  12. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-01.
  13. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-01.
  14. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-01.
  15. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-01.
  16. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-01.
  17. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-01.
  18. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-01.
  19. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-01.
  20. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
  21. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
  22. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
  23. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
  24. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
  25. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
  26. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
  27. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
  28. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
  29. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
  30. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
  31. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
  32. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
  33. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-06.
  34. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-06.
  35. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-06.
  36. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-06.
  37. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-06.
  38. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-06.
  39. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-06.
  40. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-06.
  41. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division Profesional - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-06.
  42. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division Profesional - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-06.
  43. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division Profesional - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-06.
  44. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division Profesional - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-06.
  45. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division Profesional - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-06.
  46. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division Profesional - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-06.
  47. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division Profesional - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-06.
  48. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division Profesional 1995 - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-10-30.
  49. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division Profesional 1996 - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-10-30.
  50. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division Profesional 1997 - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-10-30.
  51. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division Profesional 1998 - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-10-30.
  52. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division Profesional 1999 - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-10-30.
  53. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division Profesional 2000 - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-10-30.
  54. Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division Profesional 2001 - PERUFOOTBALL". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-10-30.
  55. "Segunda División 2006 - Results, fixtures, tables and stats - Global Sports Archive". globalsportsarchive.com. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
  56. "Segunda División 2007 - Results, fixtures, tables and stats - Global Sports Archive". globalsportsarchive.com. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
  57. "Segunda División 2008 - Results, fixtures, tables and stats - Global Sports Archive". globalsportsarchive.com. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
  58. "Segunda División 2009 - Results, fixtures, tables and stats - Global Sports Archive". globalsportsarchive.com. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
  • FPF Official Federation Website
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.