Platon Kostiuk

Platon Hryhorovych Kostiuk (Ukrainian: Платон Григорович Костюк) (20 August 1924 – 10 May 2010) was a Soviet and Ukrainian physiologist, neurobiologist, electrophysiologist, and biophysicist. He was a member (academician) of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine and the Russian Academy of Sciences. He was also a director of the Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology and the International Center of Molecular Physiology NAS of Ukraine; chair of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Kyiv branch, vice-president of the NAS of Ukraine, and chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR.[1][2]

Platon Kostiuk
Born
Platon Hryhorovych Kostiuk

(1924-08-20)20 August 1924
Kyiv, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union
Died10 May 2010(2010-05-10) (aged 85)
Kyiv, Ukraine
Citizenship
Alma mater
SpouseLyudmyla Kostyuk (1929–2011)
ChildrenOlena (1957–2011)
Olga (1966)
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsPhysiology
Institutions
ThesisNerve adaptation to expanding current (1949)
Doctoral advisorDanylo Vorontsov
Notable studentsGalyna Skibo, Alexei Verkhratsky
Platon Kostiuk
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR
In office
1985–1990
Preceded byKostiantyn Sytnyk
Succeeded byVladimir Ivashko

Biography

Platon Kostiuk was born in Kyiv to the family of the Ukrainian psychologist Hryhoriy Kostiuk.[3] A native speaker of both Ukrainian and Russian, Kostiuk studied English and German, and graduated from high school when the German–Russian War began in 1941. Kostiuk entered Stalingrad University to study biology and Roman philology. He was later evacuated to Siberia, where he studied medicine till 1945. After half a year of military medical service, he was demobilized for entry into the Department of Biology at Kyiv University. In parallel, he studied psychiatry at Kyiv Medical Institute. Kostiuk worked on his doctoral thesis in Danylo Vorontsov's laboratory of physiology. In his research, he developed microelectrode equipment independently of Judith Graham Pool and Ralph W. Gerard (1949). He completed his doctoral thesis in 1957. In 1958, Kostiuk became Head of the Department of General Nervous System Physiology at the Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology. From 1969 to 2010, he served as the director of the institute.[4]

In 1960–61, Kostiuk was invited to John Eccles' Laboratory in Canberra, Australia to study the mechanisms of synaptic inhibition in the spinal cord. In 1974, he was elected a member (academician) of the Soviet Academy of Science. In 1975–1988, he was the academician-secretary of the Section of Physiology of the academy. In 1975–1990, he was also a deputy in the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR and in 1985–90 was its chairman.

Research

Platon Kostiuk was the first to introduce microelectrode studies of the nervous system in the USSR.[5] He was the first to prove directly the presence of calcium channels in neuronal cell membranes.[6] Under his supervision, two types of calcium currents were discovered: high-voltage activated and low-voltage activated.[7] He also proposed an original hypothesis on calcium channels' selectivity mechanism.[8]

Awards and chairs

Kostiuk was a vice-president of the International Union for Physiologycal Sciences from 1989 to 1993.[9]

In 1966, he was elected a Member of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.[10]

In memoriam

Kostiuk students established Kostiuk Foundation to support young scientists and promote physiological research in Ukraine. Once a year, the Foundation presents Kostiuk Award to outstanding young researchers in the field of biomedical sciences.[11]

Publications

He published more than 1000 scientific papers in Ukrainian, Russian, and English. Some of the most important include:

  • Kostyuk, P. G.; Eccles, J.С.; Schmidt, R. F. (1962). "Central pathways responsible for depolarization of primary afferent fibres". The Journal of Physiology. 65 (2): 237–257. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1962.sp006884. PMC 1359621. PMID 13889054.
  • Kostyuk, P. G.; Araki, T.; Ito, M.; Oscarsson, O. (1962). "Injection of alcaline cations into cat spinal motoneurones". Nature. 196 (4861): 1319–1320. Bibcode:1962Natur.196.1319A. doi:10.1038/1961319a0. PMID 14013543. S2CID 4257533.
  • Kostyuk, P. G.; Krishtal, O.A.; Pidoplichko, V.I. (1975). "Effect of internal fluoride and phosphate on membrane currents during intracellular dialysis of nerve cells". Nature. 257 (2): 691–693. Bibcode:1975Natur.257..691K. doi:10.1038/257691a0. PMID 1186845. S2CID 1354301.
  • Kostyuk, PG; Molokanova, EA; Pronchuk, NF; Savchenko, AN; Verkhratsky, AN (December 1992). "Different action of ethosuximide on low- and high-threshold calcium currents in rat sensory neurons". Neuroscience. 51 (4): 755–8. doi:10.1016/0306-4522(92)90515-4. PMID 1336826. S2CID 41451332.

References
  1. "Platon Kostyuk. FEPS.org" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-02. Retrieved 2014-04-23.
  2. Compiled by Jack L. Cross (1995). The Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (PDF). Austin, Texas: Cross Associates. OCLC 34218792.
  3. Lukianets, O.O. (2012). "Пам'яті Людмили Василівної Костюк" [In memoriam Lyudmyla Vasylivna Kostyuk]. Медична гідрологія та реабілітація (in Ukrainian). 10 (1): 82. Archived from the original on 28 December 2014.
  4. Bregestovski, P. (2011). "Platon G. Kostyuk (August 20, 1924-May 10, 2010): A unique survey of a life spanning turbulent times". Journal of Physiology, Paris. 106 (5–6): 316–320. doi:10.1016/j.jphysparis.2011.11.006. PMID 24734259. S2CID 54235026.
  5. Platon Grigor’evich Kostiuk. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979)
  6. P. G. Kostyuk, O. A. Krishtal and Yu A. Shakhovalov (September 1, 1977). "Separation of sodium and calcium currents in the somatic membrane of mollusc neurones". The Journal of Physiology. 270 (3): 545–568. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1977.sp011968. PMC 1353531. PMID 903906.
  7. Richard W. Tsien and Curtis F. Barrett (2005), "A Brief History of Calcium Channel Discovery" (PDF), in Gerald Zamponi (ed.), Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels, Eurekah.com and Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, pp. 27–47
  8. Kostyuk, P. G., Mironov, S. L., and Shuba, Y. M. (1983). "Two ion-selecting filters in the calcium channel of the somatic membrane of mollusc neurons". Journal of Membrane Biology. 76: 83–93. doi:10.1007/bf01871455. S2CID 39761267.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. Ole H. Petersen (1 December 2009). "The International Union of Physiological Sciences. IUPS Editorial VIII". Physiology. 24 (6): 320–321. doi:10.1152/physiol.00035.2009. PMID 19996362.
  10. "List of Members". www.leopoldina.org. Archived from the original on 2017-10-04.
  11. Kostyuk Foundation

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