Pi (letter)

Pi (/ˈpaɪ/; Ancient Greek /piː/ or /peî/, uppercase Π, lowercase π, cursive ϖ; Greek: πι [pi]) is the sixteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, meaning units united, and representing the voiceless bilabial plosive IPA: [p]. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 80. It was derived from the Phoenician letter Pe (). Letters that arose from pi include Latin P, Cyrillic Pe (П, п), Coptic pi (Ⲡ, ⲡ), and Gothic pairthra (𐍀).[1]

Uppercase Pi

The uppercase letter Π is used as a symbol for:

In science and engineering:

Lowercase Pi

The lowercase letter π is used as a symbol for:

The earliest polyamory pride flag design, created by Jim Evans in 1995, in which the lowercase letter π stands for the first letter of polyamory.

History

An early form of pi was , appearing almost like a gamma with a hook.

Variant pi

Variant pi or "pomega" ( or ϖ) is a glyph variant of lowercase pi sometimes used in technical contexts. It resembles a lowercase omega with a macron, though historically it is simply a cursive form of pi, with its legs bent inward to meet. It was also used in the minuscule script. It is a symbol for:

Character encodings

The various forms of pi are present in Unicode as:

  • U+03A0 Π GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PI (Π)
  • U+03C0 π GREEK SMALL LETTER PI (π)
  • U+03D6 ϖ GREEK PI SYMBOL (ϖ, ϖ)
  • U+220F N-ARY PRODUCT (∏, ∏)
  • U+1D28 GREEK LETTER SMALL CAPITAL PI
  • U+1D70B 𝜋 MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL PI
  • U+1D6D1 𝛑 MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL PI.[9]

Character encodings tables

  • Greek / Coptic Pi[10]
    Character information
    PreviewΠπϖ
    Unicode name GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PI GREEK SMALL LETTER PI GREEK PI SYMBOL COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER PI COPTIC SMALL LETTER PI
    Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechex
    Unicode928U+03A0960U+03C0982U+03D611424U+2CA011425U+2CA1
    UTF-8206 160CE A0207 128CF 80207 150CF 96226 178 160E2 B2 A0226 178 161E2 B2 A1
    Numeric character referenceΠΠππϖϖⲠⲠⲡⲡ
    Named character referenceΠπϖ, ϖ
    DOS Greek1438F167A7
    DOS Greek-2198C6234EA
    Windows 1253208D0240F0
    TeX\Pi\pi\varpi
  • Mathematical Pi
    Character information
    Preview𝚷𝛑𝛱𝜋
    Unicode name N-ARY PRODUCT N-ARY COPRODUCT MATHEMATICAL BOLD
    CAPITAL PI
    MATHEMATICAL BOLD
    SMALL PI
    MATHEMATICAL ITALIC
    CAPITAL PI
    MATHEMATICAL ITALIC
    SMALL PI
    Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechex
    Unicode8719U+220F8720U+2210120503U+1D6B7120529U+1D6D1120561U+1D6F1120587U+1D70B
    UTF-8226 136 143E2 88 8F226 136 144E2 88 90240 157 154 183F0 9D 9A B7240 157 155 145F0 9D 9B 91240 157 155 177F0 9D 9B B1240 157 156 139F0 9D 9C 8B
    UTF-168719220F8720221055349 57015D835 DEB755349 57041D835 DED155349 57073D835 DEF155349 57099D835 DF0B
    Numeric character reference∏∏∐∐𝚷𝚷𝛑𝛑𝛱𝛱𝜋𝜋
    Named character reference∏, ∏∐, ∐
    TeX\prod\coprod


    Character information
    Preview𝜫𝝅𝝥𝝿𝞟𝞹
    Unicode name MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC
    CAPITAL PI
    MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC
    SMALL PI
    MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF
    BOLD CAPITAL PI
    MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF
    BOLD SMALL PI
    MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF
    BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL PI
    MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF
    BOLD ITALIC SMALL PI
    Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechex
    Unicode120619U+1D72B120645U+1D745120677U+1D765120703U+1D77F120735U+1D79F120761U+1D7B9
    UTF-8240 157 156 171F0 9D 9C AB240 157 157 133F0 9D 9D 85240 157 157 165F0 9D 9D A5240 157 157 191F0 9D 9D BF240 157 158 159F0 9D 9E 9F240 157 158 185F0 9D 9E B9
    UTF-1655349 57131D835 DF2B55349 57157D835 DF4555349 57189D835 DF6555349 57215D835 DF7F55349 57247D835 DF9F55349 57273D835 DFB9
    Numeric character reference𝜫𝜫𝝅𝝅𝝥𝝥𝝿𝝿𝞟𝞟𝞹𝞹


    Character information
    Preview
    Unicode name DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL PI DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL PI
    Encodingsdecimalhexdechex
    Unicode8511U+213F8508U+213C
    UTF-8226 132 191E2 84 BF226 132 188E2 84 BC
    Numeric character referenceℿℿℼℼ
    The character encodings in the tables above are intended for use as mathematical symbols. Text written in the Greek language (i.e. words, as opposed to mathematics) should not come from any of the tables on this page, but instead should use the normal Greek letters, which have different code numbers and often a different appearance. Using the mathematical symbols to display words (or vice versa) is likely to result in inconsistent spacing and a clumsy, mismatched appearance.

See also

References

  1. "Pi Symbol in Greek Alphabet". www.greeksymbols.net. Retrieved 2023-02-07.
  2. Thomas, Melody (April 22, 2019). "Pretty poly: Why non-monogamous relationships are all the rage". Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
  3. Schumer, Lizz (May 16, 2022). "21 LGBTQ Flags and What They Symbolize". Good Housekeeping.
  4. Walsh, Matthias. "What does the polyamorous flag look like?". LGBTQ Nation.
  5. "Jim Evans' Polyamory Pride Flag". Archived from the original on November 10, 2014.
  6. "Pomega". Eric Weisstein's World of Physics. wolfram.com.
  7. Outline for Weeks 14&15, Astronomy 225 Spring 2008 Archived 2010-06-15 at the Wayback Machine
  8. Kobayashi, Hiroyuki; Takeuchi, Shingo (2019). "Applications of generalized trigonometric functions with two parameters". Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis. 18 (3): 1509. arXiv:1903.07407. doi:10.3934/cpaa.2019072. S2CID 102487670.
  9. "Unicode characters supported by the Calibri font". fileformat.info.
  10. Unicode Code Charts: Greek and Coptic (Range: 0370-03FF)
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