Demographics of Argentina

This is a demography of Argentina including population density, ethnicity, economic status and other aspects of the population.

Demographics of Argentina
Argentina population pyramid in 2020
Population46,044,703[1]
Growth rate0.2% (2023 est.)
Birth rate11.56 births/1,000 population (2021)[2]
Death rate9.53 deaths/1,000 population (2021)[2]
Life expectancy78.55 years
  male75.49 years
  female81.81 years (2023 est.)[3]
Fertility rate1.58 children born/woman (2021)[2]
Infant mortality rate8.0 deaths/1,000 live births (2021)[2]
Net migration rate-0.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)[3]
Age structure
0–14 years23.51% (male 5,645,070/female 5,316,156)
15–64 years63.83% (male 14,929,084/female 14,827,733)
65 and over12.66% (male 2,511,984/female 3,391,820) (2023 est.)[3]
Sex ratio
Total0.98 male(s)/female (2023 est.)[3]
At birth1.07 male(s)/female
Under 151.06 male(s)/female
15–64 years1.01 male(s)/female
65 and over0.74 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityArgentine
Language
OfficialSpanish language
SpokenEnglish, Italian, Welsh, Yiddish, Portuguese, Guarani, Quechua, Mapudungun and many others are also spoken varying by region

In the 2010 census [INDEC], Argentina had a population of 40,117,096 inhabitants, and preliminary results from the 2022 census [INDEC] counted 46,044,703.[4][1]

Argentina ranks third in South America in total population and 33rd globally. The population density is 16.5 persons per square kilometer - well below the world average of 62 persons. Argentina's population growth rate in 2020 was estimated to be 0.35% annually, with a birth rate of 11.8 per 1,000 inhabitants and a mortality rate of 8.3 per 1,000 inhabitants.

The proportion of people under 15, at 23,5%, is slightly below the world average (25%), and the cohort of people 65 and older is relatively high, at 12.7%. The percentage of senior citizens in Argentina has long been second only to Uruguay in Latin America and well above the world average, which is currently 9.8%.

The median age is approximately 32 years and life expectancy at birth is of 78 years.[5] According to an official cultural consumption survey conducted in 2006, 42.3% of Argentines speak English (though only 15.4% of those claimed to have a high level of English comprehension), 9.3% speak Portuguese[6] and 5.9% speak Italian.[7]

Cities

Argentina is highly urbanized,[5] with the ten largest metropolitan areas accounting for half of the population, and fewer than one in ten living in rural areas. About 3 million people live in Buenos Aires proper, and including suburban Greater Buenos Aires the metropolitan area totals around 14 million - making it one of the 15 largest urban areas in the world.[8] The metropolitan areas of Córdoba and Rosario have around 1.3 million inhabitants each,[8] and six other cities (Mendoza, Tucumán, La Plata, Mar del Plata, Salta and Santa Fe)[8][9] have at least half a million people each.

The population is unequally distributed amongst the provinces, with 61% living in the Pampa region (21% of the total area), including 17.5 million people in Buenos Aires Province, 4 million in Córdoba Province, and over 3 million each in Santa Fe Province and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. Eight other provinces each have over one million people: Mendoza, Tucumán, Salta, Entre Ríos, Misiones, Corrientes, Chaco, and Santiago del Estero. Tucumán is the most densely populated (with 75 inhabitants/km2, the only Argentine province more densely populated than the world average), while the southern province of Santa Cruz has just 1.4 inhabitant/km2.[10]

In the mid-19th century, a large wave of immigration started to arrive to Argentina due to new constitutional policies that encouraged immigration, and issues in the countries the immigrants came from such as wars, poverty, hunger, famines, pursuit of a better life, among other reasons. The main immigration sources were from Europe, the countries from the Near and Middle East, Russia and Japan. In fact, the immigration torrent was so strong that Argentina eventually received the second-largest number of immigrants in the world, second only to the US and ahead of such immigrant receptor countries such as Canada, Brazil, Australia, etc.[11][12]

Most of these European immigrants settled in the cities which offered jobs, education and other opportunities enabling them to enter the middle class. Many also settled in the growing small towns along the expanding railway system and since the 1930s many rural workers have moved to the big cities.[13]

Urban areas reflect the influence of European immigration, and most of the larger ones feature boulevards and diagonal avenues inspired by the redevelopment of Paris. Argentine cities were originally built in a colonial Spanish grid style, centered on a plaza overlooked by a cathedral and important government buildings. Many still retain this general layout, known as a damero, meaning checkerboard, since it is based on a pattern of square blocks. The city of La Plata, designed at the end of the 19th century by Pedro Benoit, combines the checkerboard layout with added diagonal avenues at fixed intervals, and was the first in South America with electric street lighting.[14]

Provinces and districts

Flag Province/District Capital Population (2022)[1]RankDensity (/km2)[1]Avg. growth from 2010 census[4][1]Births (2021)[2]RateDeaths (2021)[2]RateInfant mortality (2021)[2]
Buenos Aires Buenos Aires City 3,120,612415,372.50.6426,0448.336,20111.64.6
Buenos Aires Province Buenos Aires Province La Plata 17,569,053157.10.98190,09610.8177,13310.17.9
Catamarca Province Catamarca Province San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca 429,556204.21.304,76411.13,5728.37.6
Chaco Province Chaco Province Resistencia 1,142,9631111.50.6718,67316.311,2319.89.5
Chubut Province Chubut Province Rawson 603,120182.71.426,42610.74,4847.49.2
Córdoba Province, Argentina Córdoba Province Córdoba 3,978,984224.11.5544,15911.137,4919.46.6
Corrientes Province Corrientes Province Corrientes 1,197,5531013.61.5815,74313.19,3247.811.2
Entre Ríos Province Entre Ríos Province Paraná 1,426,426818.11.2016,40211.513,0979.29.5
Formosa Province Formosa Province Formosa 606,041178.41.128,81814.65,1348.511.6
Jujuy Province Jujuy Province San Salvador de Jujuy 797,9551415.01.438,43410.65,7867.310.0
La Pampa Province La Pampa Province Santa Rosa 366,022222.61.153,5739.83,4459.44.8
La Rioja Province, Argentina La Rioja Province La Rioja 384,607214.31.194,60512.03,1768.310.6
Mendoza Province Mendoza Province Mendoza 2,014,533513.51.2322,90311.418,0869.07.0
Misiones Province Misiones Province Posadas 1,280,960943.01.2720,58416.19,6437.58.4
Neuquén Province Neuquén Province Neuquén 726,590167.72.337,76910.75,2027.24.8
Río Negro Province Río Negro Province Viedma 762,067153.81.488,03310.56,6868.88.6
Salta Province Salta Province Salta 1,440,67279.31.4320,36614.110,0927.08.7
San Juan Province, Argentina San Juan Province San Juan 818,234139.11.5411,14713.66,8918.47.3
San Luis Province San Luis Province San Luis 540,905197.01.896,00711.14,6738.69.8
Santa Cruz Province, Argentina Santa Cruz Province Río Gallegos 333,473231.41.653,53610.62,2986.97.4
Santa Fe Province Santa Fe Province Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz 3,556,522326.70.9043,31012.237,93110.77.8
Santiago del Estero Province Santiago del Estero Province   Santiago del Estero 1,054,028127.71.5713,62312.98,2297.86.8
Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina Tierra del Fuego Province a Ushuaia 190,641248.83.431,7539.28494.55.7
Tucumán Province Tucumán Province San Miguel de Tucumán   1,703,186675.61.3621,98712.914,9068.89.9

a Not including claims to the Islas Malvinas (Falkland Islands) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.

Historical census data

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1650 298,000    
1778 420,900+0.27%
1800 551,500+1.24%
1809 609,200+1.11%
1825 766,400+1.45%
1839 926,300+1.36%
1857 1,299,600+1.90%
1869 1,830,214+2.89%
1895 4,044,911+3.10%
1914 7,903,662+3.59%
1947 15,893,811+2.14%
1960 20,013,793+1.79%
1970 23,364,431+1.56%
1980 27,949,480+1.81%
1991 32,615,528+1.41%
2001 36,260,130+1.06%
2010 40,117,096+1.13%
2022 46,044,703+1.16%
Source:[15][16]

Sources: Pantelides and National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina[16]

Years1869189519141947196019701980199120012010
Total Fertility Rates (children/woman)6.87.05.23.23.13.13.42.92.62.4
Crude Birth Rates49.144.536.524.722.922.724.821.118.418.5
Age 0-1445.340.338.430.830.829.330.430.628.325.5
Age 15-2929.727.730.827.523.824.623.923.325.024.8
Age 30-4416.019.517.921.521.219.918.819.318.620.2
Age 45-597.08.98.913.615.315.415.113.914.715.2
Age 60-741.82.93.35.57.38.69.09.69.39.8
Age 75+0.20.70.71.11.62.22.83.34.14.5

Vital statistics

The table below gives an overview of the number of birth and deaths in Argentina during the past century. Several sources were combined to compile the table.[17][18][19]

The number of births in 2021 (529,794) was 32% below the record set in 2014, while the number of deaths (436,799) was the highest ever recorded[2] - though as the population of Argentina showed a five-fold increase during the past century, the birth rate in 2021 (11.6) was a record low while the death rate (9.5) rose to its highest since 1947 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[2]

Birth rates were relatively stable from 1934 through 1980,[17] and after declining stabilized from 1995 to 2015 - before again declining sharply since then.[19]

Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate
(per 1000)
Crude death rate
(per 1000)
Natural change
(per 1000)
Total fertility rate[20] Infant mortality rate
1910 6,800,000 260,000 129,000131,000 38.318.919.45.26
1911 7,070,000 268,000129,000139,000 37.918.219.75.24148.0
1912 7,470,000 288,000127,000161,000 38.617.021.65.43143.0
1913 7,840,000 298,000127,000171,000 38.016.221.85.42130.0
1914 8,000,000 294,000 123,000 171,000 36.715.421.35.16125.0
1915 8,150,000 288,000129,000159,000 35.315.819.54.94124.0
1916 8,300,000 293,000142,000151,000 35.317.118.24.90124.0
1917 8,450,000 284,000136,000148,000 33.616.117.54.64128.0
1918 8,600,000 283,000157,000126,000 32.918.214.74.51138.0
1919 8,750,000 286,000161,000125,000 32.718.414.34.45134.0
1920 8,970,000 290,000139,000151,000 32.315.516.84.40127.0
1921 9,220,000 302,000146,000156,000 32.815.817.04.47116.0
1922 9,520,000 315,000133,000182,000 33.114.019.14.55112.0
1923 9,890,000 336,000146,000190,000 34.014.819.24.74112.0
1924 10,220,000 335,000146,000189,000 32.814.318.54.61116.0
1925 10,500,000 334,000148,000186,000 31.814.117.74.49121.0
1926 10,800,000 337,000147,000190,000 31.213.617.64.42119.0
1927 11,130,000 342,000157,000185,000 30.714.116.64.38126.0
1928 11,440,000 352,000151,000201,000 30.813.217.64.40113.0
1929 11,750,000 355,000162,000193,000 30.213.816.44.33107.0
1930 12,050,000 355,000153,000202,000 29.512.716.84.22100.0
1931 12,290,000 350,000156,000194,000 28.512.715.84.07100.0
1932 12,520,000 352,000139,000213,000 28.111.117.03.9995.0
1933 12,730,000 332,000150,000182,000 26.111.814.33.6787.0
1934 12,940,000 319,661143,065176,596 24.711.113.63.4596.6
1935 13,150,000 322,002162,768159,234 24.512.412.13.39105.6
1936 13,370,000 318,651150,092168,559 23.811.212.63.2896.2
1937 13,610,000 319,024154,275164,749 23.411.312.13.2095.4
1938 14,202,000 325,412161,555163,857 22.911.411.53.19105.3
1939 14,397,000 329,393149,153180,240 22.910.412.53.1491.7
1940 14,591,000 339,029151,856187,173 23.210.412.83.1890.2
1941 14,796,000 340,339148,947191,392 23.010.112.93.1184.8
1942 15,004,000 338,199150,030188,169 22.510.012.53.0386.1
1943 15,216,000 358,977150,166208,811 23.69.913.73.1279.8
1944 15,441,000 380,950154,093226,857 24.710.014.73.2380.7
1945 15,674,000 388,191157,785230,406 24.810.114.73.2182.1
1946 15,912,000 387,496149,895237,601 24.49.414.93.1279.0
1947 16,109,000 398,468158,059240,409 24.79.715.03.1477.1
1948 16,284,000 413,132152,648260,484 25.49.416.03.1969.5
1949 16,671,000 419,656150,604269,052 25.29.016.13.1867.0
1950 17,150,000 438,766154,540284,226 25.69.016.63.2668.2
1951 17,506,000 444,326156,406287,920 25.49.016.53.2667.4
1952 17,865,000 446,156153,887292,269 25.08.616.43.2264.3
1953 18,224,000 459,734162,217297,517 25.38.916.43.2763.8
1954 18,580,000 457,559156,347301,212 24.68.416.23.2160.4
1955 18,931,000 461,293167,357293,936 24.48.815.53.2061.8
1956 19,277,000 474,142161,321312,821 24.68.416.23.2457.0
1957 19,618,000 478,368179,578298,790 24.49.215.23.2468.5
1958 19,955,000 472,865166,235306,630 23.78.315.43.1661.4
1959 20,291,000 476,211173,409302,802 23.58.514.93.1559.1
1960 20,625,000 473,038179,266293,772 22.98.714.23.0862.4
1961 20,961,000 476,259176,477299,782 22.78.414.33.0659.1
1962 21,297,000 490,414184,013306,401 23.08.614.43.1158.7
1963 21,633,000 491,109187,492303,617 22.78.714.03.0761.8
1964 21,966,000 496,256193,141303,115 22.68.813.83.0558.3
1965 22,297,000 481,814196,467285,347 21.68.812.82.9256.9
1966 22,622,000 479,396194,450284,946 21.28.612.62.8753.4
1967 22,945,000 480,317195,265285,052 20.98.512.42.8455.0
1968 23,273,000 493,354213,313280,041 21.29.212.02.8759.9
1969 23,617,000 580,699222,937357,762 24.69.415.23.3452.5
1970 23,983,000 544,521222,113322,408 22.79.313.53.0959.1
1971 24,376,000 564,787225,000339,787 23.29.214.03.1650.0
1972 24,792,000 559,398220,000339,398 22.69.013.63.0949.0
1973 25,222,000 561,500226,000335,500 22.39.113.23.0647.0
1974 25,654,000 602,000231,000371,000 23.59.014.53.2446.0
1975 26,079,000 620,000229,000391,000 23.88.815.03.2944.0
1976 26,493,000 656,768240,764416,004 24.89.115.73.4444.4
1977 26,899,000 661,222234,430426,792 24.68.715.93.4344.5
1978 27,303,000 665,000233,482431,518 24.48.615.83.4140.8
1979 27,712,000 647,864234,926412,938 23.48.514.93.2938.5
1980 28,131,000 697,775241,125456,650 24.88.616.33.4933.2
1981 28,562,000 680,292241,904438,388 23.88.515.43.3733.6
1982 29,001,000 663,429234,926428,503 22.98.114.83.2430.5
1983 29,448,000 655,876233,071422,805 22.37.914.43.1529.7
1984 29,900,000 635,323255,591379,732 21.38.612.73.0030.4
1985 30,354,000 650,783241,377409,406 21.58.013.53.0226.2
1986 30,811,000 675,388241,004434,384 22.07.814.13.0826.9
1987 31,270,000 668,136249,882418,254 21.48.013.42.9926.6
1988 31,729,000 680,605254,953425,652 21.58.113.53.0025.8
1989 32,187,000 667,058252,302414,756 20.87.912.92.8925.7
1990 32,642,000 678,644259,683418,961 20.98.012.92.8925.6
1991 33,094,000 694,776255,609439,167 21.07.713.32.9124.7
1992 33,540,000 678,761262,287416,474 20.27.812.42.7923.9
1993 33,982,000 667,518267,286400,232 19.67.911.82.7022.9
1994 34,420,000 673,787257,431416,356 19.67.512.12.6822.0
1995 34,855,000 658,735268,997389,738 18.97.711.22.5822.2
1996 35,287,000 675,437268,715406,722 19.17.611.52.6020.9
1997 35,715,000 692,357270,910421,447 19.47.611.82.6318.8
1998 36,135,000 683,301280,180403,121 18.97.811.22.5619.1
1999 36,541,000 686,748289,543397,205 18.87.910.92.5417.6
2000 36,931,000 701,878277,148424,730 19.07.511.52.5716.6
2001 37,302,000 683,495285,941397,554 18.37.710.72.5016.3
2002 37,657,000 694,684291,190403,494 18.47.710.72.4816.8
2003 38,001,000 697,952302,064395,888 18.47.910.42.4616.5
2004 38,341,000 736,261294,051442,210 19.27.711.52.5714.4
2005 38,681,000 721,220293,529427,691 18.67.611.12.4513.3
2006 39,024,000 696,451292,313404,138 17.87.510.42.3712.9
2007 39,368,000 700,792315,852384,940 17.88.09.82.3613.3
2008 39,714,000 746,460301,801444,659 18.87.611.22.4912.5
2009 40,062,000 745,336304,525440,811 18.67.611.02.4612.1
2010 40,788,000 756,176318,602437,574 18.57.910.62.4711.9
2011 41,261,000 758,042319,059438,983 18.57.810.72.4511.7
2012 41,733,000 738,318 319,539 418,779 17.97.710.22.3611.1
2013 42,203,000 754,603326,197428,406 18.17.810.32.3910.8
2014 42,669,000 777,012 325,539451,437 18.27.610.62.4410.6
2015 43,132,000 770,040333,407436,633 17.97.710.22.399.7
2016 43,590,000 728,035352,992375,043 16.78.28.52.249.7
2017 44,044,811 704,609 341,668362,941 15.97.88.12.159.3
2018 44,494,502 685,394336,823348,571 15.47.67.82.088.8
2019 44,938,712 625,441 341,728 283,713 13.97.66.31.889.2
2020 45,376,763 533,299 376,219 157,080 11.88.33.51.608.4
2021 45,605,826 529,794 436,799 92,995 11.6 9.5 2.1 1.58 8.0

Structure of the population

According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects[21][22] the total population was 45,276,780 in 2021 - double the number in 1966 (for a 1.27% average annual growth rate in that period). The population below the age of 15 in 2023 was 23.5%, 63.8% was between 15 and 64, while 12.7% was 65 or older.[3]

Total population Proportion
aged 0–14
(%)
Proportion
aged 15–64
(%)
Proportion
aged 65+
(%)
1950 17 150 00031.264.64.2
1955 18 928 00031.363.94.8
1960 20 616 00030.863.65.6
1965 22 283 00030.263.66.2
1970 23 963 00029.363.77.0
1975 26 049 00029.463.07.6
1980 28 094 00030.461.48.2
1985 30 305 00031.060.58.5
1990 32 527 00030.860.38.9
1995 34 768 00029.661.09.4
2000 36 784 00028.561.89.7
2005 38 592 00027.362.89.9
2010 40 788 00025.564.310.2
2015 43 132 00025.264.110.7
2020 45 177 00024.164.511.4
Population by Sex and Age Group (27.X.2010): [23]
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 19 523 766 20 593 330 40 117 096 100
0–4 1 697 972 1 639 680 3 337 652 8.32
5–9 1 717 752 1 663 467 3 381 219 8.43
10–14 1 779 372 1 724 074 3 503 446 8.73
15–19 1 785 061 1 757 006 3 542 067 8.83
20–24 1 648 456 1 651 693 3 300 149 8.23
25–29 1 552 106 1 578 403 3 130 509 7.80
30–34 1 523 342 1 575 371 3 098 713 7.72
35–39 1 311 528 1 366 907 2 678 435 6.68
40–44 1 125 887 1 184 888 2 310 775 5.76
45–49 1 067 468 1 128 882 2 196 350 5.48
50–54 986 196 1 056 797 2 042 993 5.09
55–59 893 570 975 380 1 868 950 4.66
60–64 760 914 860 276 1 621 190 4.04
65–69 588 569 704 492 1 293 061 3.22
70–74 438 438 577 459 1 015 897 2.53
75–79 321 481 480 178 801 659 2.00
80+ 325 654 668 377 994 031 2.48
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 5 195 096 5 027 221 10 222 317 25.48
15–64 12 654 528 13 135 603 25 790 131 64.29
65+ 1 674 142 2 430 506 4 104 648 10.23
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2022): [24]
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 22 410 000 23 225 000 45 635 000 100
0–4 1 596 000 1 488 000 3 084 000 6.76
5–9 1 928 000 1 820 000 3 748 000 8.21
10–14 1 890 000 1 781 000 3 671 000 8.04
15–19 1 799 000 1 712 000 3 511 000 7.69
20–24 1 788 000 1 727 000 3 515 000 7.70
25–29 1 797 000 1 767 000 3 564 000 7.81
30–34 1 715 000 1 717 000 3 432 000 7.52
35–39 1 586 000 1 609 000 3 195 000 7.00
40–44 1 541 000 1 581 000 3 122 000 6.84
45–49 1 393 000 1 448 000 2 841 000 6.23
50–54 1 160 000 1 227 000 2 387 000 5.23
55–59 1 024 000 1 111 000 2 135 000 4.68
60–64 918 000 1 032 000 1 950 000 4.27
65–69 782 000 926 000 1 708 000 3.74
70–74 621 000 793 000 1 414 000 3.10
75–79 429 000 614 000 1 043 000 2.29
80+ 443 000 872 000 1 315 000 2.88
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 5 414 000 5 089 000 10 503 000 23.01
15–64 14 721 000 14 931 000 29 652 000 64.98
65+ 2 275 000 3 205 000 5 480 000 12.01

UN estimates

The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates of vital statistics of Argentina. [25]

Period Live births
per year
Deaths
per year
Natural change
per year
CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR* Life expectancy
total
Life expectancy
males
Life expectancy
females
1950–1955457,600163,800293,80025.49.116.33.156662.560.465.1
1955–1960479,800169,800310,00024.38.615.73.136064.562.167.4
1960–1965497,200188,800308,40023.28.814.43.096065.262.468.6
1965–1970521,400209,400312,00022.59.113.43.055765.762.769.3
1970–1975585,200224,400360,80023.49.014.43.154867.264.170.7
1975–1980694,800241,000453,80025.78.916.83.443968.665.472.2
1980–1985676,400247,800428,60023.18.514.73.153270.166.873.7
1985–1990701,000264,800436,20022.28.413.83.052771.067.574.6
1990–1995721,800274,800447,00021.38.113.22.902472.168.675.8
1995–2000711,200282,600428,60019.77.811.82.632273.269.676.9
2000–2005731,800296,200435,60019.17.811.32.481574.370.678.1
2005–2010741,400309,000432,40018.47.710.72.371375.371.679.1
2010–2015754,200321,400432,80017.97.710.22.331176.272.579.8
2015–2020702,600341,300361,30016.07.78.32.08977.173.680.6
2020–202511.28.03.21.46
2025–203011.47.73.71.50
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Other demographics statistics

Historic population development of Argentina

Argentina's population continues to grow but at a slower rate because of its steadily declining birth rate. Argentina's fertility decline began earlier than in the rest of Latin America, occurring most rapidly between the early 20th century and the 1930s and then becoming more gradual.[5]

Life expectancy has been improving, most notably among the young and the poor.[5]

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review.[26]

  • One birth every 1 minute
  • One death every 1.4 minutes
  • One net migrant every 111 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 3 minutes

Demographic statistics according to the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[5]

Population
46,245,668 (2022 est.)
Ethnic groups

European (mostly Spanish and Italian descent) and Mestizo (mixed European and Amerindian ancestry), 97.2%
Amerindian, 2.4%
African, 0.4% (2010 est.)

Age structure
Population pyramid of Argentina in 2017
Estimated population, fertility rate and net reproduction rate by year according to United Nations estimates
0–14 years: 24.02% (male 5,629,188 /female 5,294,723)
15–24 years: 15.19% (male 3,539,021 /female 3,367,321)
25–54 years: 39.60% (male 9,005,758 /female 9,002,931)
55–64 years: 9.07% (male 2,000,536 /female 2,122,699)
65 years and over: 12.13% (male 2,331,679 /female 3,185,262) (2020 est.)
Median age
total: 32.4 years. Country comparison to the world: 107th
male: 31.1 years
female: 33.6 years (2020 est.)
Birth rate
11.8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 109th
Death rate
8.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 108th
Total fertility rate
1.6 children born/woman (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 92nd
Net migration rate
-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 101st
Population growth rate
0.35% (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 121st
Life expectancy in Argentina since 1875
Life expectancy in Argentina since 1960 by gender
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 78.3 years. Country comparison to the world: 74th
male: 75.2 years
female: 81.6 years (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate
total: 8.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)
male: 9.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)
female: 7.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)
Languages

Spanish (official), Italian, Portuguese, English, German, French, indigenous (Mapudungun, Quechua)

Religions

Roman Catholicism 66%, Protestantism 10%, No Religion 21%, Other 3%

Population distribution
One-third of the population lives in Buenos Aires; pockets of agglomeration occur throughout the northern and central parts of the country; Patagonia to the south remains sparsely populated
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 54.3
youth dependency ratio: 36.0
elderly dependency ratio: 18.2
potential support ratio: 5.5 (2021 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 92.5% of total population (2020)
rate of urbanization: 0.97% annual rate of change (2020–25 est.)
Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2016 est.)

total population: 99.1%
male: 99.1%
female: 99.1% (2016 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 18 years
male: 16 years
female: 19 years (2016)
Unemployment, youth ages 15–24
total: 18.3%. Country comparison to the world: 71st
male: 15.6%
female: 22.8% (2014 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
0–14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15–24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
25–54 years: 1 male(s)/female
55–64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.57 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Ethnic groups

South Center North
Genetic ancestry of the Argentine mitochondrial gene pool by region, South, North and Centre [27] (urban populations).

In colonial times, the ethnic composition of Argentina was the result of the interaction of the pre-Columbian indigenous population with a colonizing population of Spanish origin and with sub-Saharan African slaves. Before the middle 19th century, the ethnic make up of Argentina was very similar to that of other countries of Latin America.[28][29][30][31] Between 1857 and 1950 Argentina was the country with the second biggest immigration wave in the world, at 6.6 million, second only to the United States in the numbers of immigrants received (27 million) and ahead of other areas of new settlement like Canada, Brazil and Australia.[32][33] However, mass European immigration did not have the same impact in the whole country. According to the 1914 national census, 30% of Argentina's population was foreign-born, including 50% of the people in the city of Buenos Aires, but foreigners were only 2% in the provinces of Catamarca and La Rioja (North West region).[29] Strikingly, at those times, the national population doubled every two decades. This belief is endured in the popular saying "los argentinos descienden de los barcos" (Argentines descend from the ships). Therefore, most Argentines are descended from the 19th- and 20th-century immigrants of the great European immigration wave to Argentina (1850–1955),[34] with a great majority of these immigrants coming from diverse European countries, particularly Italy and Spain.[11]

Genetic ancestry of the Argentine gene pool according to a study, using X-DIPs (matrilineal).[35]

Genetic ancestry of the mixed Argentines autosomal gene pool[35]

  Amerindian Contribution (17.9%)

Cultural ethnic groups in the late 20th century in Argentina according to the UAEM[36]

  Criollo people (85%)
  Mestizo (11.1%)
  Amerindians (1.0%)
  Asian (2.9%)

Ethnic groupings in Argentina (2022 est.)[5]

  European and Mestizo (97.2%)
  Amerindian (2.4%)
  African (0.4%)

Indigenous peoples

Distribution of the Indigenous Peoples in Argentina and The Falkland Islands (British Overseas Territory)

According to the data of INDEC's Complementary Survey of Indigenous Peoples (ECPI) 2004–2005, 600,000 officially recognized indigenous persons (about 1.4% of the total population) reside in Argentina. The most numerous of these communities are the Mapuches, who live mostly in the south, the Kollas and Wichís, from the northwest, and the Guaranis and Qom, who live mostly in the northeast.[37] In the census of 2010, 955,032 people self recognized as indigenous or descendants of indigenous peoples, thus representing 2.4% of the national population. This is without prejudice that more than half of the population has at least one indigenous ancestor, although in most cases family memory lost that origin.

Indigenous population of Argentina
Ethnic
group
Survey 2004–2005
Number  %
Aonikenk10,5901.8
Atacama3,0440.5
Avá-Guaraní21,8073.6
Aymara4,1040.7
Chané4,3760.7
Charrúa4,5110.7
Chorote2,6130.4
Chulupí5530.1
Comechingón10,8631.8
Diaguita/diaguita calchaquí31,7535.3
Guaraní22,0593.7
Het7360.1
Huarpe14,6332.4
Kolla70,50511.7
Lule8540.1
Mapuche113,68018.8
Mbyá8,2231.4
Mocoví15,8372.6
Omaguaca1,5530.3
Pilagá4,4650.7
Puelche1,5850.3
Qom69,45211.5
Quechua6,7391.1
Rankulche10,1491.7
Sanavirón5630.1
Selknam6960.1
Tapiete5240.1
Tonocoté4,7790.8
Wichí40,0366.6
Others3,8640.6
Not specified102,24716.0

Afro-Argentines

Santiago Lovell, Argentine boxer and gold medalist at the 1932 Summer Olympics

Since 2013, November 8 has been celebrated as the National Day of Afro-Argentines and African Culture. The date was chosen to commemorate the recorded date for the death of María Remedios del Valle, a rabona and guerrilla fighter, who served with the Army of the North in the war of Independence.[38][39]

The black population in Argentina declined since the middle 19th century from 15% of the total population in 1857 (Blacks and Mulatto people), to less than 0.5% at present (mainly mulattoes and immigrants from Cape Verde).

Afro-Argentines were up to a third of the population during colonial times; most were slaves brought from Africa to work for the criollos. The 1813 Assembly abolished slavery and led to the Freedom of Wombs Law of 1813, which automatically freed slaves' children at birth. Many Afro-Argentines contributed to the independence of Argentina such as María Remedios del Valle who is known as "La Madre de la Patria" (mother of the fatherland in English) and Sgt. Juan Bautista Cabral. Also there is a debate, among the historians, as to whether or not Bernardino Rivadavia, the first president of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (Present Argentina) had African ancestors.[40]

Immigration to Argentina

European settlement

As with other areas of new settlement such as Canada, Australia, the United States, Brazil, and New Zealand, Argentina is considered a country of immigrants.[41] When it is considered that Argentina was second only to the United States (27 million of immigrants) in the number of immigrants received, even ahead of such other areas of new settlement like Canada, Brazil and Australia;[32][33] and that the country was scarcely populated following its independence, the impact of the immigration to Argentina becomes evident.[32][33]

In the last national census, based on self-identification, 952,032 Argentines (2.4% of the population) declared to be Amerindians.[37] Most of the 6.2 million European immigrants arriving between 1850 and 1950, regardless of origin, settled in several regions of the country. Due to this large-scale European immigration, Argentina's population more than doubled.

Immigrant population in Argentina (1869–1991)

The majority of these European immigrants came from Spain and Italy. Thousands of immigrants also came from France, Germany, England, Portugal, Brazil, Switzerland, Wales, Scotland, Poland, Albania, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, Russia, Ukraine, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Romania, Bulgaria, Armenia, Greece, Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia.

Italian population in Argentina arrived mainly from the northern Italian regions varying between Piedmont, Veneto and Lombardy, later from Campania and Calabria;[42] Spanish immigrants were mainly Galicians and Basques.[43][44] Thousands of immigrants also came from France (notably Béarn and the Northern Basque Country), Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Greece, Portugal, Finland, Russia and the United Kingdom.[45] The Welsh settlement in Patagonia, known as Y Wladfa, began in 1865; mainly along the coast of Chubut Province. In addition to the main colony in Chubut, a smaller colony was set up in Santa Fe and another group settled at Coronel Suárez, southern Buenos Aires Province.[46] Of the 50,000 Patagonians of Welsh descent, about 5,000 are Welsh speakers.[47] The community is centered on the cities of Gaiman, Trelew and Trevelin.[48]

Recent immigrants

Foreign born residents in Argentina by country of birth[49]

According to the INDEC 1,531,940 of the Argentine resident population in 2001 were born outside Argentina, representing 4.22% of the total Argentine resident population.[50][51] In 2010, 1,805,957 of the Argentine resident population were born outside Argentina, representing 4.50% of the total Argentine resident population.[50][51][52][53]

Illegal immigration has been a recent factor in Argentine demographics. Most illegal immigrants come from Bolivia and Paraguay, countries which border Argentina to the north. Smaller numbers arrive from Peru and Ecuador. The Argentine government estimates that 750,000 inhabitants lack official documents and has launched a program called Patria Grande ("Greater Homeland")[54] to encourage illegal immigrants to regularize their status; so far over 670,000 applications have been processed under the program.[55]

Rank (2010)Country of birthcensus 2010census 2001census 1990
1 Paraguay550,713325,046254,115
2 Bolivia345,272233,464145,670
3 Chile191,147212,429247,987
4 Colombia177,00050,25015,939
4 Peru157,51488,26015,939
5 Italy147,499216,718356,923
6 Uruguay116,592117,564135,406
7 Spain94,030134,417244,212
8 Brazil41,33034,71233,966
9 China8,9294,1842,297
10 Germany8,41610,36215,451
11 South Korea7,3218,2908,371
12 France6,9956,5786,309
13 Japan4,0364,7535,674
14 Taiwan2,8753,5111,870
15 Syria1,3372,350N/D
16 Lebanon9331,6193,171
Other countries121,018127,683150,849
TOTAL1,805,9571,531,9401,628,210

Languages

The official language of Argentina is Spanish, and it is spoken by practically the entire population in several different accents. The most common variation of Spanish in Argentina is the Rioplatense Spanish (Spanish: castellano rioplatense), and it is so named because it evolved in the central areas around the Río de la Plata basin. Its distinctive feature is widespread voseo, the use of the pronoun vos instead of for the second person singular. Additionally, the Argentinian accent sounds identical to Portuguese in the words that begin with 'll' or 'yo', and all the words in Portuguese that begin with 'ch'. For example, the following sentence English: What is your name? Portuguese: como se chama? Spanish: Como se llama? - 'chama' & 'llama' are pronounced as though they were spelled "Shama"in both Argentinian Spanish and Portuguese. Moreover, the sound shift of all of the words in Spanish that begin with "ll" or 'y' but sound like 'sh' i.e., 'llorar' 'llama, 'llegar' & 'yo'. In Portuguese the words that begin with 'ch' always sound like 'sh'. There are many more words like these shown above. The mutual intelligibility between Spanish and Portuguese is already high, but the 'sh' sound increases the intelligibility between both languages even more.

Non-indigenous minority languages

Many Argentines also speak other European languages (Italian, German, Portuguese, French, Welsh, Swedish and Croatian, as examples) due to the vast number of immigrants from Europe that came to Argentina.[5]

English language is a required subject in many schools, and there are also many private English-teaching academies and institutions. Young people have become accustomed to English through movies and the Internet, and knowledge of the language is also required in most jobs, so most middle-class children and teenagers now speak, read and/or understand it with various degrees of proficiency. According to an official cultural consumption survey conducted in 2006, 42.3% of Argentines claim to speak some English (though only 15.4% of those claimed to have a high level of English comprehension).[6]

There are sources of around one million Levantine Arabic speakers in Argentina,[56] as a result of immigration from the Middle East, mostly from Syria and Lebanon.

Standard German is spoken by around 500,000[56][57] Argentines of German ancestry, though the number may be as high as 3,800,000 according to some sources.[58] German is the third or fourth most spoken language in Argentina.

There is a prosperous community of Argentine Welsh-speakers of approximately 25,000[59] in the province of Chubut, in the Patagonia region, who descend from 19th century immigrants.

Religion

Religion in Argentina (2017)[60]

  Catholicism (66%)
  No religion (21%)
  Judaism (1%)
  Islam (1%)
  Others (1%)
The 17th century Cathedral of Córdoba

The Constitution guarantees freedom of religion, but until 1994 the President and Vice President had to be Catholic. The society, culture, and politics of Argentina are deeply imbued with Roman Catholicism.[61]

Estimates for the number of Roman Catholics vary from 70% of the population,[62] to as much as 90%.[63] The CIA Factbook lists 92% of the country is Catholic, but only 20% are practicing regularly or weekly at a church service.[5] The Jewish population is about 300,000 (around 0.75% of the population), the community numbered about 400,000 after World War II, but the appeal of Israel and economic and cultural pressures at home led many to leave; recent instability in Israel has resulted in a modest reversal of the trend since 2003.[63][64] Muslim Argentines number about 500,000–600,000, or approximately 1.5% of the population; 93% of them are Sunni.[63] Buenos Aires is home to one of the largest mosques in Latin America. A study from 2010 found that approximately 11% of Argentines are non-religious, including those who believe in God, though not religion, agnostics (4%) and atheists (5%). Overall, 24% attended religious services regularly. Protestants were the only group in which a majority regularly attended services.[65]

See also

References

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