Queen Jangnyeol

Queen Jangryeol (장렬왕후 조씨; 6 December 1624 – 10 September 1688[1]), of the Yangju Jo clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and second queen consort of Yi Jong, King Injo, the 16th Joseon monarch. She was queen consort of Joseon from 1638 until her husband's death in 1649, after which she was honoured as Queen Dowager Jaui (자의왕대비) during the reign of her step-son Yi Ho, King Hyojong, and as Grand Queen Dowager Jaui (자의대왕대비) during the reign of her step grandson Yi Yeon, King Hyeonjong and her step great-grandson Yi Sun, King Sukjong.

Queen Jangryeol
장렬왕후
莊烈王后
Grand Queen Dowager of Joseon
Tenure13 June 1659 – 10 September 1688
PredecessorGrand Queen Dowager Soseong
SuccessorGrand Queen Dowager Hyesun
Queen Qowager of Joseon
Tenure7 June 1649 – 13 June 1659
PredecessorQueen Dowager Soseong
SuccessorQueen Dowager Hyosuk
Queen Consort of Joseon
TenureNovember 1638 – 7 June 1649
PredecessorQueen Inyeol
SuccessorQueen Inseon
Born6 December 1624
Gwan-ah, Jiksa-hyeon, Chungcheong Province, Kingdom of Joseon
Died10 September 1688 (1688-09-11) (aged 63)
Naebanwon, Changgyeong Palace, Hanseong, Kingdom of Joseon
Burial
Hwireung, Donggureung 197, Guri, Gyeonggi Province
SpouseYi Jong, King Injo (m.1638–d.1649)
Posthumous name
자의공신휘헌강인숙목정숙온혜장렬왕후
慈懿恭慎徽獻康仁淑穆貞肅溫惠莊烈王后
HouseYangju Jo (by birth) Jeonju Yi (by marriage)
FatherJo Chang-won
MotherInternal Princess Consort Wansan of the Jeonju Choi clan
Korean name
Hangul
장렬왕후
Hanja
莊烈王后
Revised RomanizationJangryeol wanghu
McCune–ReischauerChangryŏl wanghu

Biography

The future queen was born on 6 December 1624 during the reign King Injo. Her father, Jo Chang-won, was member of the Yangju Jo clan, and her mother was member of the Jeonju Choi clan. Although her aunt, older sisters and cousins have personal names, there is information yet to be found regarding the Queen’s name from historical records.

Three years after his first wife Queen Inyeol's death, Injo selected the fourteen-year old daughter of Jo Chang-won as new queen consort in November 1638. The King was 44 years old, and his two sons, Crown Prince Sohyeon and Grand Prince Bongrim, were 12 and 5 years her senior.

The Queen's relationship with Injo was not good due to the fact that she could not bear a son, and because the King's concubine, Royal Consort Gwi-in of the Okcheon Jo clan, had succeeded in having Injo to hate her. Thus she left the main palace, Changdeok Palace, in 1645 to live in Gyeongdeok Palace (now known as Gyeonghui Palace).

After Injo's death, she was elevated to the rank of queen dowager and formally addressed as Queen Dowager Jaui. Disputes happened during the death of her stepson, Hyojong, and his wife, Queen Inseon, where the factions argued on the duration in which Jaui would have to wear the mourning attire called sangbok. The incident was known as Yesong Dispute (예송논쟁): for Hyojong's funeral, it became an issue to determine whether the dowager should be mourning for three years or one year, while for Queen Dowager Hyosuk, either one year or nine months.

When Hyeonjong became the king in 1659, Jaui officially became grand queen dowager. She led a solitary life until her death at the age of 64 on 10 December 1688 during Sukjong's reign after living 50 years of her life as a woman of the royal palace.

Her tomb is located in Hwineung, Donggurneung, which is located within the city of Guri in Gyeonggi Province.

Family

Parent

  • Father − Jo Chang-won (조창원, 趙昌遠) (1583 – 1646)
    • 1) Grandfather − Jo Jon-seong (조존성, 趙存性) (1554 – 1668)
      • 2) Great-Grandfather − Jo Ram/Nam (조람/조남, 趙擥) (1533 - 1554)
        • 3) Great-Great-Grandfather - Jo Jun-su (조준수, 趙俊秀)
        • 3) Great-Great-Grandmother - Lady Yi (이씨, 李氏); daughter of Yi Seok-jo (이석조, 李碩祚)
      • 2) Great-Grandmother - Lady Yi of the Gyeongju Yi clan (경주 이씨, 慶州 李氏) (? - 1605); daughter of Yi Mong-gyu (이몽규, 李夢奎) (1510 - 1563)
    • 1) Grandmother − Lady Yi of the Yongin Yi clan (증 정경부인 용인 이씨, 贈 貞敬夫人 龍仁 李氏) (1554 - 1617); daughter of Yi Shin-chung (이신충, 李藎忠)
  • Uncle - Jo Jong-won (조종원, 趙宗遠) (1574 - 1595)
    • Aunt - Kim Gwi-yeong (김귀영, 金貴迎), Lady Kim of the Gwangsan Kim clan (광산 김씨) (1574 - ?); second daughter of Kim Ho-su (김호수, 金虎秀)[2]
      • Cousin - Jo Hu-im (조후임, 趙後妊), Lady Jo of the Yangju Jo clan (양주 조씨, 楊州 趙氏) (1589 - ?)
  • Aunt - Jo Sun-wan (조순완, 趙順婉), Lady Jo of the Yangju Jo clan (양주 조씨, 楊州 趙氏) (1587 - ?); first wife of Park Cheol
    • Uncle - Park Cheol (박철, 朴徹) (1585 - 1656)
      • Cousin - Park Gyeong-im (박경임, 朴敬任), Lady Park of the Hamyang Park clan (함양 박씨) (1604 - ?)
  • Uncle - Jo Gye-won (조계원, 趙啓遠) (1592 - 1670)
    • Aunt - Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (평산 신씨, 平山 申氏) (1592 - 1655)[3]
      • Cousin - Jo Jin-seok (조진석, 趙晉錫) (1610 - 1624)
      • Cousin - Jo Hyo-kang (조효강, 趙孝姜), Lady Jo of the Yangju Jo clan (양주 조씨, 楊州 趙氏) (1612 - ?)
      • Cousin - Jo Gu-seok (조구석, 趙龜錫) (1615 - 1665)
      • Cousin - Jo Hui-seok (조희석, 趙禧錫) (1622 - ?)[4][5]
      • Cousin - Jo Jong-kang (조종강, 趙終姜), Lady Jo of the Yangju Jo clan (양주 조씨, 楊州 趙氏) (1625 - ?)
      • Cousin - Jo Hui-kang (조희강, 趙喜姜), Lady Jo of the Yangju Jo clan (양주 조씨, 楊州 趙氏) (1627 - ?)
      • Cousin - Jo Sa-seok (조사석, 趙師錫) (1632 – 1693)
      • Cousin - Jo Ga-seok (조가석, 趙嘉錫) (1634 - 1681)
  • Mother − Internal Princess Consort Wansan of the Jeonju Choi clan (완산부부인 전주 최씨, 完山府夫人 全州 崔氏) (1583 – 1663)
    • 1) Grandfather − Choi Cheol-geon (대사간 증 영의정 최철견, 崔鐡堅)
    • 1) Grandmother − Lady Jeong of the Jinyang Jeong clan (진양 정씨, 晉陽 鄭氏); daughter of Jeong Yun-bong (정윤붕, 鄭允弸)

Sibling

  • Older sister − Jo Su-im (조수임, 趙壽任), Lady Jo of the Yangju Jo clan (양주 조씨, 楊州 趙氏) (1607 - ?)
    • Brother-in-law − Shin Ik-jeon (신익전, 申翊全) (15 September 1605 - 6 April 1660)[6][7]
      • Nephew − Shin Jeong (신정, 申晸)[8][9]
      • Nephew − Shin Seom (신섬, 申暹)
      • Nephew − Shin Chang (신창)
      • Nephew − Shin Yeob (신엽, 申曅)
      • Nephew − Shin Ahng (신앙, 申昻)
      • Niece − Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (평산 신씨)
        • Nephew-in-law − Yi Hye (이혜, 李嵆); King Seonjo's great-grandson
      • Niece − Princess Consort Yeongpung of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (영풍군부인 평산 신씨) (1639 – 1692)
        • Nephew-in-law − Yi Jing, Prince Seungseon (이징 숭선군, 李澂 崇善君) (1639 – 1690)[10]
      • Niece − Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (평산 신씨)
  • Older brother − Jo Yun-seok (조윤석, 趙胤錫) (1615 – 1664)
    • Sister-in-law - Lady Seo of the Daegu Seo clan (대구 서씨); daughter of Seo Gyeong-bin (첨지 서경빈, 徐景霦)
    • Sister-in-law − Lady Kim of the (new) Andong Kim clan (신 안동 김씨, 新 安東 金氏); eldest daughter of Kim Su-in (김수인, 金壽仁) (1608 - 1660)[11][12]
  • Older sister − Jo Jong-im (조종임, 趙終任), Lady Jo of the Yangju Jo clan (양주 조씨, 楊州 趙氏) (1623 - ?)
    • Brother-in-law − Han Jeong-sang (한정상, 韓鼎相) of the Cheongju Han clan

Consort

Issue

  • Adoptive son − Yi Wang, Crown Prince Sohyeon (소현세자 왕, 昭顯世子 汪) (5 February 1612 – 22 May 1645)
    • Daughter-in-law − Crown Princess Consort Minhoe of the Geumcheon Kang clan (민회빈 강씨, 愍懷嬪 姜氏) (8 April 1611 – 30 April 1646)
      • Unnamed adoptive granddaughter (군주, 郡主) (1629 – 1631)
      • Unnamed adoptive granddaughter (군주, 郡主) (1631 – 1640)
      • Grandson - Yi Seok-cheol, Prince Gyeongseon (경선군 석철, 慶善君 石鐵) (1636 – 1648)
      • Adoptive granddaughter - Princess Gyeongsuk (경숙군주, 慶淑郡主) (1637 – 1655)
      • Adoptive grandson - Yi Seok-rin, Prince Gyeongwan (경완군 석린, 慶完君 石磷) (1640 – 1648)
      • Adoptive granddaughter - Princess Gyeongnyeong (경녕군주, 慶寧郡主) (1642 – 1682)
      • Adoptive granddaughter - Yi Jeong-eun, Princess Gyeongsun (경순군주 정온, 慶順郡主 正溫) (1643 – 1654)
      • Adoptive granddaughter - Yi Seok-gyeon, Prince Gyeongan (경안군 석견, 慶安君 石堅) (5 October 1644 – 22 October 1665)
  • Adoptive son − King Hyojong (효종) (3 July 1619 – 23 June 1659)
    • Daughter-in-law − Queen Inseon of the Deoksu Jang clan (인선왕후 장씨) (9 February 1619 – 19 March 1674)
      • Adoptive granddaughter - Princess Sukshin (1635 – 1637) (숙신공주)
      • Adoptive granddaughter - Yi Ae-suk (이애숙, 李愛淑), Princess Uisun (1635 – 1662) (의순공주)[13]
      • Adoptive granddaughter - Princess Sukan (1636 – 22 December 1697) (숙안공주)
      • Unnamed adoptive grandson (? – 1642)
      • Adoptive granddaughter - Princess Sukmyeong (1640 – 17 March 1699) (숙명공주)
      • Adoptive grandson - Yi Yeon, King Hyeonjong (14 March 1641 – 17 September 1674) (조선 현종)
      • Adoptive granddaughter - Princess Sukhwi (1642 – 27 October 1696) (숙휘공주)
      • Unnamed adoptive grandson (1645 – 1645)
      • Adoptive granddaughter - Princess Sukjeong (1646 – 13 June 1668) (숙정공주)
      • Adoptive granddaughter - Princess Sukgyeong (1648 – 9 January 1671) (숙경공주)

References
  • 장렬왕후 (in Korean). Doosan Encyclopedia.

Notes
  1. The Queen was born on 7 November 1624 and died on 26 August 1688
  2. The adoptive son of Princess Hyesun (1512 - 1583; a daughter of King Jungjong) and Kim In-gyeong (김인경, 金仁慶; 1515 - 1583)
  3. She was the older sister of Shin Ik-jeon (신익전, 申翊全)
  4. His son, Jo Tae-chae (조태채, 趙泰采) (1660 – 12 November 1722), eventually became the 3rd great-great grandnephew-in-law to a daughter of King Seonjo, Princess Gyeongsuk. Through his wife, Lady Sim of the Cheongsong Sim clan (청송 심씨), Princess Gyeongsuk’s granddaughters, Lady Min and Royal Consort Jeong of the Yeoheung Min clan (a distant relative of Queen Inhyeon). Lady Sim was also a 9th cousin of Queen Soheon, Queen Insun, and Queen Danui
  5. His grandson, Jo Gyu-bin, through his eldest son, Jo Tae-hwi (조태휘, 趙泰彙), married the eldest daughter of Min Jin-hu (Queen Inhyeon’s older brother) and his first wife.
  6. His niece, from his older brother Shin Ik-seong (신익성, 申翊聖) and Princess Jeongsuk (daughter of King Seonjo), married Crown Princess Minhoe's older brother, Kang Mun-du (강문두, 姜文斗). Another niece married Queen Myeongseong’s paternal uncle.
  7. A older sister of his married an older brother of Crown Princess Minhoe, Kang Mun-seong (강문성, 姜文星); thus making his niece and older sister sister-in-law’s through marriage. Another older sister also became his aunt-in-law through intermarriage.
  8. Through his fourth son, Shin Jin-hwa (신진화, 申鎭華), he became the grandfather of Royal Noble Consort Yeong of Andong Kim clan (King Sukjong's concubine)
  9. His sixth son, Shin Seok-hwa (신석화, 申錫華), married Queen Inhyeon's younger sister
  10. He is the son of Royal Noble Consort Gwi-in Jo and King Injo
  11. His sister married the second oldest brother, Kang Mun-myeong (강문명, 姜文明), of Crown Princess Minhoe
  12. His aunt, Internal Princess Consort Bongwon of the Dongrae Jeong clan (1541 – 1620) (봉원부부인 동래 정씨, 蓬原府夫人 東萊 鄭氏), became the mother of Queen Inseon; thus making him a cousin and his daughter a first cousin once removed of the queen.
  13. She is the daughter of Yi Gye-yun, Prince Geumrim and Lady Yu of the Munhwa Yu clan
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