Desh (raga)

Desh or Des is a Hindustani classical music raga[1][2] which belongs to the Khamaj thaat.[3] This raga is very similar to raga Khamaj.

Desh
ThaatKhamaj
TypeAudava-sampurna
Time of dayLate night, 12–3
ArohanaNi Sa Re, Ma Pa Ni, Sa
AvarohanaSa ni Dha, Pa Dha Ma Ga Re, Pa Ma Ga, Re Ga Ni Sa
PakadRe, Ma Pa Ni, Sa Re ni Dha Pa, ma Ga Re
VadiRe
SamavadiPa
SynonymKhamaj
Similar

Technical description

The raga is of audava-sampurna nature, i.e., in its arohana (ascent) only five notes are used, whereas the avarohana (descent) uses all the seven notes. Shuddha Ni is used in the arohana, while Komal Ni (represented as ni below) is used in avarohana. All other swaras are shuddha.

  • Arohana: Ni Sa Re, Ma Pa Ni, Sa.
  • Avarohana: Sa ni Dha, Pa Dha Ma Ga Re, Pa Ma Ga, Re Ga Ni Sa.
  • Pakad: Re, Ma Pa Ni, Sa Re ni Dha Pa, ma Ga Re
  • The vadi swara is Re

The ascent in this raga is a step by step pentatonic movement which goes like this: Sa, Re, Ma Pa, Ni Sa’.[4]

Samayam (Time): The raga is to be sung during the second quarter of the night (9PM to 12AM).[3]

Re is very prominent, quite a few times the singer rests on Re, making it a centre to the melody. The Meend from Ma to Re via Ga is one of the most vital features of the raga. The arohana via shuddha Ni, and the transition from Re to komal Ni in the avarohana form an important part of the melodies in this raga. Further, Desh is quite close to neighboring ragas like Tilak Kamod, and hence requires skillful rendition to separate itself.

Prominent Songs

Desh has been used in a few patriotic compositions. Vande Mataram, the national song of India, is the most well-known. The popular old Doordarshan video Baje Sargam, that featured many respected Indian classical singers, is also based on Desh.

Rabindrasangeet based on the raga

The polymath and Nobel laureate, Rabindranath Tagore, had very often used Hindustani Classical Music and Carnatic Classical Music in his songs (Rabindrasangeet). The songs based on this raga Des are listed below:

  • Aachhe Tomar Bidye Sadhhi
  • Aaj Taaler Boner Karotaali
  • Aaji Mor Dware Kahar
  • Aamader Sokhire Ke Niye
  • Aamar E Ghore Aaponar
  • Aamar Je Sob Dite Hobe
  • Aamar Satya Mithya Sakoli
  • Aami Jene Shune Bish
  • Aar Rekho Na Aandhare
  • Anek Diner Aamar Je Gaan
  • Anek Kotha Bolechilem
  • Animesh Aankhi Sei Ke De
  • Dekhaye De Kotha Aachhe
  • Dhoroni Dure Cheye Keno
  • Dnaarao Maatha Khaao
  • Duare Dao More Rakhia
  • E Bharote Raakho Nityo
  • Ebaar Bujhi Bholar Bela
  • Ebaar To Jouboner Kachhe
  • Ebaar Ujaar Kore Lowo He
  • Ei Lobhinu Songo Tabo
  • Ei Shrabon Bela Badol Jhora
  • Emon Dine Taare Bola Jaay
  • Eso Aamar Ghore
  • Eso Shyamalosundaro
  • Gagoner Thale Robi Chandra
  • Gahonraate Shrabondhara
  • Garob Mamo Horechho Prob
  • Haay Ke Dibe Aar Santona
  • Hey Bidesi Eso Eso
  • Jaag Jaag Re Jaag Sangeet
  • Je Din Sakol Mukul
  • Jeyo Na Jeyo Na Phire
  • Jhore Jaay Ure Jaay Go
  • Jodi Holo Jaabar Kshon
  • Keno Raaja Daakis Keno
  • Knaadale Tumi More
  • Knaapiche Deholota
  • Kotha Hote Baaje Prembedona
  • Kothaay Aalo Kothaay Ore
  • Kshomite Parilam Na Je
  • Naa Naa Kaaj Nai Jeyo Naa
  • Ogo Sundar Ekada Ki Jaani
  • Probhu Khelechhi Aanek
  • Puruser Bidya Korechinu
  • Se Aase Dhire
  • Shrabano Borisano Paar
  • Shrabonmegher Aadhek
  • Sokhi Lo Sokhi Lo
  • Taai Tomar Ananda Aamar
  • Taare Dekhate Paari Ne
  • Tomari Tore Maa Sopinu
  • Toper Taper Baadhon Katu
  • Tumi Chhere Chhile Bhule
  • Utol Dhara Badol Jhore

Carnatic Compositions

Vikasita Pankaja by Kalyani Varadarajan Vithala Salaho Swami by Purandara Dasa

Film Songs

Year Song Movie Language of Movie Composer Singer
1979 Sanware Ke Rang Ranchhi Meera Hindi Ravi Shankar Vani Jairam
2001 Megharagam Kakkakkuyil Malayalam Deepan Chatterjee K.S. Chithra
1998 Mayilay Parannu Va Mayilpeelikkavu Malayalam Berny–Ignatius K.J. Yesudas & K.S. Chitra (Duet Version)
1965 Aap Ko Pyar Chhupane Neela Aakash Hindi Madan Mohan Asha Bhosle & Mohammed Rafi
1991 Kesariya Balama Lekin... Hindi Hridaynath Mangeshkar Lata Mangeshkar
1994 Mora Saiyan To Hai Pardes Bandit Queen Hindi Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
1964 Gori Tore Nainwa Main Suhagan Hoon Hindi Lacchiram Tamar Asha Bhosle & Mohammed Rafi
1956 Thandi Thandi Savan Ki Phuhar Jagte Raho Hindi Salil Chowdhury Asha Bhosle
1967 Oru Pushpam Mathramen Pareeksha Malayalam M.S. Baburaj K.J. Yesudas
2002 Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna Ab Hamare The Legend of Bhagat Singh Hindi A. R. Rahman Sonu Nigam
2015 Agar Tum Saath Ho Tamasha Hindi A.R. Rahman Alka Yagnik, Arijit Singh
1952 Door Koi Gaaye Baiju Bawra Hindi Naushad Shamshad Begum, Mohammed Rafi, & Lata Mangeshkar
1963 Hum Tere Pyar Mein Sara Dil Ek Mandir Hindi Shankar–Jaikishan Lata Mangeshkar
1994 Pyar Hua Chupke Se 1942: A Love Story Hindi R. D. Burman Kavita Krishnamurthy
2015 Man Mandira Katyar Kaljat Ghusali Marathi Pandit Jitendra Abhisheki Shankar Mahadevan

Language: Tamil

Song Movie Composer Singer
Premayil yavum Marandenae Sakuntalai Thuraiyur Rajagopala Sharma M. S. Subbulakshmi, G. N. Balasubramaniam
Mangiyathor Nilavinile Thirumanam S. M. Subbaiah Naidu, T. G. Lingappa T.M.Soundararajan
Sindhu Nadhiyin Kai Koduttha Dheivam Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy T.M.Soundararajan, L.R.Eswari & J.V.Raghavulu
Thunbam Nergaiyil Yaazhedutthu Or Iravu Bharathidasan, Dandapani Desikar, R. Sudarsanam M. S. Rajeswari,V. J. Varma
Gopiyar Konjum Ramana Thirumal Perumai K. V. Mahadevan T. M. Soundararajan
Naan Unnai Ninaikkaatha Paavai Vilakku P. Susheela
Ondra Iranda Selvam T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
Androru Naal Nadodi M. S. Viswanathan
Idhuthan Mudhal Rathiri Oorukku Uzhaippavan K.J. Yesudas, Vani Jairam
Muththamizhil Paada Melnaattu Marumagal Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan Vani Jairam
Vizhiyil Pudhu Kavithai Theertha Karaiyinile Ilaiyaraaja Mano, K. S. Chithra
Nee Oru Kadhal Sangeetham(Raga Shudha sarang touches) Nayakan
Onakena Thaane Innerama Ponnu Oorukku Pudhusu Ilaiyaraaja,Sarala
Poonguyil Ponmalaiyil Thazhuvatha Kaigal S. Janaki
Kanner Thuzhi Raja Kaiya Vacha K. J. Yesudas
Deivangal Pudhiya Raagam Mano, S. Janaki
Orancharam(charanam only) Kakkai Siraginilae S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Kanave Kalaiyadhe Kannedhirey Thondrinal Deva P. Unnikrishnan, K. S. Chithra
Indhu Maha Samudrame

(Ragamalika:Desh, Sahana)

Mannava Hariharan, K. S. Chithra
Nilladi Endradhu Kaalamellam Kaathiruppen S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
Itho Intha Nenjodu Good Luck Manoj Bhatnaghar
Kadhal Vandicho Yai! Nee Romba Azhaga Irukke! Raaghav-Raja Shankar Mahadevan
Adi Kadhal Oru Kannil Doubles Srikanth Deva P. Unnikrishnan, Harini
Kandupidi Kandupidi Samudhiram Sabesh–Murali Hariharan, Ganga
Noothana Karka Kasadara Prayog Harish Raghavendra, Chinmayi
Ulagil Yentha Kathal Naadodigal Sundar C Babu Hariharan
Kalathara Vegam Rajhesh Vaidhya P. Unnikrishnan,Anuradha Sekhar
Maruvaarthai Enai Noki Paayum Thota Darbuka Siva Sid Sriram
Varalaama Sarvam Thaala Mayam Rajiv Menon(Orchestration by A. R. Rahman) Sriram Parthasarathy
Mannamaganin Sathiyam(Dwijavanthi traces) Kochadaiiyaan A. R. Rahman Haricharan, Latha Rajinikanth
Singappenney(Female portion only) Bigil A. R. Rahman, Shashaa Tirupati
Alli Arjuna(Ragamalika) Kaaviya Thalaivan Haricharan, Bela Shende, Srimathumitha
Yethanai Yethanai Ji Vidyasagar Shankar Sampoke
Naana Yaar Idhu Ninaithu Ninaithu Parthen Joshua Sridhar Sadhana Sargam
Naanaagiya Nadhimoolamae Vishwaroopam II Ghibran Kamal Haasan, Kaushiki Chakraborty,Master Karthik Suresh Iyer
Pen Maegam Polavae(charanam only) Kathai Thiraikathai Vasanam Iyakkam Sharreth G. V. Prakash Kumar, Saindhavi

References

  1. Nagarkar, Samarth (27 August 2015). Raga Sangeet: Understanding Hindustani Classical Vocal Music. ISBN 978-1619273672.
  2. Katte, Trupti (10 June 2013). "Multiple Techniques for Raga Identification in Indian" (PDF). International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering. 4 (6). Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  3. Rao, B.Subba (1996). Raganidhi: A Comparative Study Of Hindustani And Karnatak Ragas. Volume Two (D to J). Madras: The Music Academy. pp. 6–7.
  4. Mathur, Avantika; Vijayakumar, Suhas; Chakravarti, Bhismadev; Singh, Nandini (30 April 2015). "Emotional responses to Hindustani raga music: the role of musical structure". Frontiers in Psychology. 6: 513. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00513. PMC 4415143. PMID 25983702.
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