Rua Tonelero shooting

Lacerda, one of the main leaders of the opposition during Vargas administration, kicked off his campaign for the Chamber of Deputies. As he was threatened before, a group of supporters, Air Force officers, served as personal security during his rallies. After one of them, held at the night of 4 August 1954, in the courtyard of Colégio São José, the journalist went back home along with his son Sérgio, aged 15, in the car of Major Rubens Florentino Vaz. After arriving on Rua Tonelero, all of them hopped off the car and, during their farewell, a person came from the shadows and shot many times. The Air Force Major, unarmed, tried to defend, but was shot on the chest. Meanwhile, Lacerda took his son the garage of the building and returned shooting on the attacker, who fled in a taxi. A municipal guard nearby, Sálvio Romeiro, heard the shots and, after checking what was going on, was also shot, but could write down the license plate of the fled vehicle.[5][6]

Carlos Lacerda, one of the leaders of the opposition against Getúlio Vargas

Getúlio Vargas and his personal security, commanded by Gregório Fortunato, on his left (right of the photo).

At the same night, the press began publishing details of the crime. The taxi driver, Nelson Raimunmdo de Souza, knowing that his vehicle was identified, decided to present himselft to a police station. He initially pleaded not guilty and that he was only hired by the passenger, unaware of the crime, but confessed his involvement in a testimony to the police.[5] To the investigators, Raimundo stated he took two persons to Rua Tonelero at the night of the attack against Lacer. One of them, he didn't know, but he knew very well the other. It was Climério Euribes de Almeida, member of the personal security of the President and friend of Gregório Fortunato.[7]

When the police went to the suspect's house, in the district of Méier, he already had fled. A large force was mobilized for his capture. At dawn, the police published an official statement to the press, with the content of the testimony of driver Nelson Raimundo and affirming that they had determined to carry out several steps in the search of Climério. The operation mobilized around 200 armed men, military vehicles and even helicopters, and extended to four states: Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul.[8]

Nelson's taxi rank was located on Rua Silveira Martins, in a crossing with Rua do Catete - along to the then presidential palace - and used to be hired by members of Vargas' personal security. One of these members, Almeida, made an agreement with the taxi drive to escape with his vehicle with him and a gunman, Alcino João do Nascimento.[5]

Nascimento, who was a carpenter in financial difficulties, was hired months before by José Antônio Soares to execute an opponent. He quickly accepted the serviced, but killing the wrong person. This fact didn't stop Soares to appoint him to accomplish a similar task made by Almeida. They had an agreement to kill Lacerda during a rally in Barra Mansa. However, Raimundo's car broke down, delaying the assassination to 4 August, date of the next rally of the journalist. On this day, Almeida and Nascimento went to Colégio São José, but the taxi driver, who was supposed to meet them for the escape, delayed. In the late night, the three decide to got to Lacerda's house.[5]

After cross-fire, Lacerda was shot on the foot, and Major Vaz, after being shot twice by a .45 caliber pistol (of exclusive use of the Brazilian Armed Forces), died heading to the hospital. Alcino stated that the assailant was Lutero Vargas, son of Getúlio Vargas and adversary of Carlos Lacerda.[9] The Air Force high command assumed the investigations on 8 August, same that when Gregório Fortunato, accused to be the main assailant, confessed his participation. Climério Euribes de Almeida and Alcino João do Nascimento were arrested a little time later.[5]

The political crisis that followed the attack, in particular with military personnel unhappy with the death of one of them, escalated by the Lacerda's and his followers violent attacks against the president, without a moderator, increased a wave opposed to Getúlio Vargas. Faced with resignation requests which began to increase, on 23 August, the president met with his ministers in Catete Palace, in order to analyze the political status. It was decided that the president would go on a leave, returning to power when the investigations about the attack were concluded. Two hours later, almost 5:00 a.m. on the 24th, Benjamin Vargas, Vargas' brother, arrived in the Palace with the information that the military wanted him to resign. As a response, after leaving to his bedroom, Vargas affirmed: "Only dead I will leave Catete!" Moments later, a shot was heard: Vargas was dead with a shot in his heart.[10]

Nasciment was sentenced to 33 years in prison, sentence later reduced. He was imprisoned for 23 years and survived two assassination attempts.[11][12] Fortunato was sentenced to 25 years, later assassinated in prison, just like Almeida, sentenced to 33 years. José Antônio Soares was sentenced to 26 and Nelson Raimundo to 11 years.

The official story, reviewed by the popular jury that convicted the crime authors in 1956, keeps being contested by people who point many inconsistencies in the investigation and questions without answers.[6][13]

One of the main motivators of doubts would be the criminal inquiry, written in an excessive anti-Vargas bias and full of expressions such as "coward attack" and "lying testimony", among others. There was no crime reenactment or confrontation between Lacerda (who initially affirmed that there were 3 people shooting on him) and gunman Nascimento.[6][13]

Another question was the amateurism of the crime authors, who let evident clues which immediately led the investigations to the Catete Palace. Conspiracy theorists say that this would be intentional, to haste a political crisis which would have as consequence the resignation of Vargas from the presidency. There is no testimony or evidence supporting this theory, which is only a hypotesis.[13]

• Fourth Brazilian Republic
• Politics of Brazil