Rubulavirinae

Rubulavirinae is a subfamily of viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae.[1] Humans, apes, pigs, and dogs serve as natural hosts. There are currently 18 species in the two genera Orthorubulavirus and Pararubulavirus.[1] Diseases associated with this genus include mumps.[2] Members of the subfamily are collectively called rubulaviruses. The subfamily was previously a genus named Rubulavirus but was elevated to subfamily in 2018.[1] Viruses of this subfamily appear to be most closely related to members of Avulavirinae.[3]

Rubulavirinae
TEM micrograph of a Mumps rubulavirus particle
TEM micrograph of a Mumps orthorubulavirus particle
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Negarnaviricota
Class: Monjiviricetes
Order: Mononegavirales
Family: Paramyxoviridae
Subfamily: Rubulavirinae
Genera
  • Orthorubulavirus
  • Pararubulavirus

Taxonomy

Subfamily: Rubulavirinae

Genus: Orthorubulavirus
Genus: Pararubulavirus

Structure

Rubulavirions are enveloped, with spherical geometries. The diameter is around 150 nm. Rubulavirus genomes are linear, around 15kb in length. The genome codes for 8 proteins.[2]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
RubulavirusSphericalEnvelopedLinearMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cells is achieved after viral attachment to host cells. Replication follows the negative stranded RNA virus replication model. Negative-stranded RNA virus transcription, using polymerase stuttering, through co-transcriptional RNA editing is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by budding. Humans, apes, pigs, and dogs serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are respiratory and saliva.[2]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
RubulavirusHumans; apes; pigs; dogsNoneGlycoproteinBuddingCytoplasmCytoplasmAerosols; saliva

Clinical symptoms

The virus often infects children and adults who have evaded the virus during childhood. It is associated with mild upper respiratory symptoms and swelling of the salivary glands including the parotid gland. The virus also has the potential to infect testis, CNS and pancreas.[4]

References
  1. "Virus Taxonomy: 2019 Release". talk.ictvonline.org. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  2. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  3. McCarthy AJ, Goodman SJ (2010). "Reassessing conflicting evolutionary histories of the Paramyxoviridae and the origins of respiroviruses with Bayesian multigene phylogenies". Infect. Genet. Evol. 10 (1): 97–107. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2009.11.002. PMID 19900582.
  4. Cornelissen, Cynthia Nau (2020). Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Microbiology (4th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. p. 322.

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